The Economy And Family Life Chapter 4 Exam Questions

Chapter 4: The Economy and Family Life

4.1 Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of work?
2. It produces goods, not services.
3. It is limited to physical activities.
4. It consists solely of mental activities.
5. It provides a sense of stability.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ is a process of social and economic change because of the reduction of industrial activity, especially manufacturing.
   1. Deindustrialization
   2. Commodification
   3. Reindustrialization
   4. Commercialization

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. People who work full or near full time, but whose family or personal incomes fall below the official poverty level are called __________.
   1. the welfare class
   2. the bourgeois class
   3. the working poor
   4. discouraged workers

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Joe is destitute and lives on the streets and in abandoned buildings because he has no money to pay rent. He often sorts through garbage to find food to eat. In this scenario, Joe is experiencing __________.
   1. homelessness
   2. the feminization of poverty
   3. relative poverty
   4. voluntary poverty

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of these statements best describes why women and men both work outside the home?
2. supporting themselves and their dependents
3. increases in men’s labor force participation
4. the decline of deindustrialization
5. decreases in educational attainment for women

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Tracy struggles to work full time and spend more time with her children, and often feels overloaded and strained. Tracy is struggling with __________.
   1. work-family balance
   2. a commuter marriage
   3. a two-person single career
   4. flextime requirements

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is true of commuter marriages?
2. Spouses meet occasionally, such as over weekends.
3. Spouses travel together to work.
4. They are also known as open marriages.
5. One of the parents only has visitation rights over their children.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is a difference between dual-earner and dual-career couples?
   1. In dual-earner couples, both partners work in positions that involve ongoing professional growth, whereas in dual-career couples, only one partner works in such a position.
   2. In dual-career couples, both partners work in positions that require long-term commitment, whereas in dual-earner couples, partners may or may not work in such positions.
   3. In dual-earner couples, both partners work in managerial positions whereas in dual-career couples, both partners work in non-managerial positions.
   4. In dual-career couples, partners are less qualified to perform their jobs than partners in dual-earner couples.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following statements best describes how women might experience the glass ceiling effect?
2. Single working women are often expected to work longer hours than women who have children.
3. Working mothers receive fewer raises than working women without children.
4. Women have more access to task forces and highly visible committees than men.
5. Working women are viewed as less committed than male workers, and are less likely to be promoted.

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. __________ refers to working remotely through electronic linkups to a central office.
2. Crowdsourcing
3. Telecommuting
4. Vetting
5. Hot desking

Learning Objective: 4.7 Describe four workplace policies that can benefit or disadvantage families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

4.2 Test Questions

1. In the early 1960s, there was a reduction in industrial activity, especially manufacturing, because __________.
   1. managing employees was considered easier than managing machines
   2. globalization limited the growth and spread of investment and trade
   3. employers replaced the lowest skilled workers with automation
   4. there was an increasing demand for workers in assembly line jobs

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is true of deindustrialization?
2. It refers to an increase in manufacturing activities.
3. It is also known as “inshoring.”
4. It refers to companies spending more on people than on machines.
5. It has been accelerated by globalization.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. CL Corp., an automobile manufacturing firm, decided to close its home office in Detroit and open three manufacturing centers across India. The company decided to take advantage of the lower labor and investment costs in India. This scenario is an example of __________.
2. offshoring
3. insourcing
4. deindustrialization
5. inshoring

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is true of offshoring?
2. It is restricted because of globalization.
3. It helps reduce a company’s costs in the home country.
4. It refers to the transfer of jobs between different states in a country.
5. It indicates the increase of manufacturing jobs within a country.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Robert works as a maintenance engineer at ASL Corp., a steel plant. His coworkers are planning to form a labor union to lobby for better employee facilities. Robert is unsure whether he should be a part of the labor union and support its formation. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen his decision to do so?
2. In the past, the formation of labor unions has helped in providing greater workplace safety to employees.
3. Labor unions are more beneficial for employees in retail companies as compared to manufacturing companies.
4. The compensation package and provisions provided by ASL Corp. are better than those provided by most steel companies in the country.
5. Strong labor unions limit the employer’s freedom which often forces them to move their operations overseas.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Wealth has several components. Which of the following is an example of property, one of the components of wealth?
   1. bonds
   2. stocks
   3. real estate
   4. wages

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Matthew works as a personal finance advisor. Recently, he wrote an article on how middle-class families are spendthrifts rather than savers. Which of the following is most likely to weaken Matthew’s analysis?
   1. Studies indicate that middle-class families have the highest rate of consumerism in the world.
   2. Surveys on middle-class families indicate that they are not responsible buyers.
   3. Middle-class families depend on wages and salaries rather than inherited wealth.
   4. Over 90 percent of people in middle-class families have large pensions.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following constitutes corporate welfare?
   1. flextime
   2. pension
   3. tax breaks
   4. health insurance

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following best describes corporate welfare?
   1. favorable treatment that the government creates for businesses
   2. contributions that employees of a company make to their society
   3. environmentally sustainable initiatives that companies participate in
   4. welfare activities that the government undertakes for people living in absolute poverty

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The working poor are those __________.
   1. who spend a minimum of 15 weeks in the labor force
   2. who work solely as white-collar workers
   3. who earn wages that fall below the official poverty level
   4. who earn high disposable income

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ is the growth and spread of investment, trade, production, communication, and new technology around the world.
2. Deindustrialization
3. Globalization
4. Offshoring
5. Flextime

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. How does the Department of Agriculture determine the poverty threshold?
2. The Department of Agriculture estimates the annual cost of food that meets minimum nutritional guidelines and then multiplies this figure by three.
3. The Department of Agriculture estimates the annual cost of housing that meets minimum guidelines and then multiplies this figure by three.
4. The Department of Agriculture estimates the annual cost of food that meets minimum nutritional guidelines and then multiplies this figure by five.
5. The Department of Agriculture estimates the annual cost of housing, food, transportation, and healthcare in every state.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Carrie works as a part-time waitress at a restaurant and receives less than minimum wage. Her total annual salary falls below the official poverty line. In this scenario, Carrie can be classified under the __________.
   1. welfare class
   2. working poor
   3. bourgeois class
   4. middle-class

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following professionals is most likely to have nonstandard work hours?
   1. a teacher
   2. an accountant
   3. a banker
   4. a firefighter

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. How are nonstandard work schedules beneficial for families?
2. They help reduce child care costs.
3. They make parents’ work schedules more predictable.
4. They reduce the possibility of a divorce.
5. They prevent parents from undertaking shift work.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an advantage of hiring part-time workers for companies?
   1. They help reduce employee turnover rates.
   2. They lower costs of health and unemployment insurance for a company.
   3. Part-time workers tend to be more committed than full-time workers in a company.
   4. Part-time workers are more familiar with the way a company functions.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Mary, an unemployed mother, has decided to give up on searching for a job after applying for numerous jobs since last year. Despite sending job applications to several companies, she was not offered a job. In this scenario, Mary is an example of a(n) __________.
2. discouraged worker
3. underemployed worker
4. part-time worker
5. overemployed worker

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. __________ are people who have part-time jobs but want full-time work or whose jobs are below their experience, skill, and education level.
   1. Discouraged workers
   2. Hidden workers
   3. Underemployed workers
   4. Overemployed workers

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following best describes absolute poverty?
   1. It indicates having enough money only to maintain an average standard of living.
   2. It refers to having the money to access food and shelter but not purchase luxury products.
   3. It indicates an income level that falls right above the poverty line.
   4. It refers to not having enough money to afford the basic necessities of life.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is true of the poverty threshold?
2. It refers to the minimum income level that the government considers necessary for basic subsistence.
3. It remains constant and does not change over time.
4. It indicates that anyone whose income is above the threshold is eligible for government assistance.
5. It refers to anyone who has the basic necessities of life but cannot maintain an average standard of living.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The feminization of poverty refers to __________.
   1. how poverty can be reduced by employing a higher number of women
   2. trends that indicate female empowerment
   3. how women who play traditional gender roles tend to be poor
   4. the likelihood that female heads of households will be poor

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The economic homeless are those who __________.
   1. have been homeless for a long period of time
   2. are newly displaced from homes because of financial problems
   3. are homeless because they suffer from mental illnesses
   4. are in an extended, self-perpetuating cycle of poverty

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. James, who has a history of drug and alcohol abuse, has been living on the streets for the past 10 years. In this scenario, James can be classified as a(n) __________.
   1. economic homeless
   2. transitory homeless
   3. chronic homeless
   4. financial homeless

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is a primary reason why women are increasingly working outside the home?
   1. Women have fewer educational qualifications than men.
   2. The role of a homemaker today is considered more fulfilling than a professional career.
   3. Traditional gender roles are reinforced by the society.
   4. Women experience personal satisfaction by pursuing a career.

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Robert is conducting research on the effects of marriage on employment. He finds that married women are more likely to be affected by their marital status than men. Which of the following true statements is most likely to strengthen Robert’s finding?
   1. Married women are more likely to quit their jobs than those who are unmarried.
   2. Married men are more likely to be employed than married women.
   3. Women who have invested less in their education have a greater commitment to their careers after marriage.
   4. Studies have shown that men become more responsible and efficient workers after marriage than when they were unmarried.

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Captives are those who __________.
   1. consider their careers more important than their families
   2. are forced to become full-time homemakers because of the expectations of society
   3. have high occupational aspirations
   4. remain in the labor force reluctantly

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an example of a conflicted mother?
   • • 1. Maria is highly committed to her job.
       2. Yukio invests equal amounts of time to her job and her children.
       3. Jane feels that her being employed is detrimental to her children.
       4. Pari finds her job financially and emotionally gratifying.

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. __________ are women with young children who choose jobs with enough flexibility to accommodate family needs.
   1. Copers
   2. Conflicteds
   3. Captives
   4. Commiteds

Learning Objective: 4.3 Compare women’s and men’s labor force participation.

Topic: Women’s and Men’s Participation in the Labor Force

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. A two-person single career is one in which __________.
2. a spouse participates in the other’s career behind the scenes
3. both spouses work outside the home
4. there is very little difference between the earnings of the two spouses
5. both spouses work in positions that require extensive training

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an example of a two-person single career?
2. couples in which both the husband and wife are marketing professionals
3. a stay-at-home wife and an entrepreneur husband
4. a stay-at-home dad and a working wife
5. the President and the First Lady

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is true of being a stay-at-home dad?
2. Stay at home dads are less intimately involved with their children.
3. Men are less likely to be stigmatized by society for staying at home with children.
4. They take up the role because they feel that their career is more important than child rearing.
5. Only 8 percent of Americans believe that it’s acceptable for a father to care for children.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following reflects the percentage of men who prefer being stay-at-home fathers?
   1. Less than one-quarter of men asked stated they’d rather stay home and care for the children than work.
   2. Over one-quarter of men asked stated they’d rather stay home and care for the children than work.
   3. Less than 10 percent of men asked stated they’d rather stay home and care for the children than work.
   4. Approximately three-quarters of men asked stated they’d rather stay home and care for the children than work.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Even when stay-at-home dads say that it’s one of the most rewarding experiences they’ve had, they often feel stigmatized and emasculated by unemployment. Which of the following is a reason behind this?
2. Men are more intimately involved with their kids than women.
3. Women are more likely than men to be concerned about losing their business skills while being a stay-at-home parent.
4. Research shows that societies are increasingly accepting the role of stay-at-home dads.
5. Much of men’s identity comes from being a good provider.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. A major advantage of commuter marriages is that they __________.
2. allow couples to spend more time with each other
3. involve high-paying jobs
4. reduce traveling costs for the couple
5. help couples give more time to child rearing activities

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Commuter marriages have the disadvantage of involving extra costs. Which of the following is a reason behind this?
2. Commuter marriages mostly involve low paying jobs which make raising a family more costly.
3. Frequent traveling and maintaining two homes tend to be expensive for the couple.
4. Commuter marriages create the costs of uprooting teenage children.
5. Increased dependency between spouses creates marital discord which may lead to divorce.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Describe how economic factors shape marital roles and family work.

Topic: Marital Economic and Family Roles

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Money that remains after the costs of basic necessities have been paid is known as __________ income.
2. real
3. total personal
4. discretionary
5. nominal

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Lydia and Bennett are a working couple. Lydia works as an accountant, while Bennett runs a software company out of their home. In this scenario, which of the following holds true?
2. Lydia and Bennett are a two-person single career couple.
3. Lydia and Bennett play traditional gender roles.
4. Lydia and Bennett are a dual-earner couple.
5. Lydia and Bennett are a stay-at-home couple.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. In __________, both partners work in professional or managerial positions that require extensive training and ongoing professional growth.
2. dual-earner couples
3. dual-career couples
4. two-person single career couples
5. one-person single career couples

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. John and Gilbert are discussing dual-earner couples. John states that dual-earner couples generally share egalitarian relationships. However, Gilbert disagrees and argues that such relationships are rarely egalitarian. Which of the following accurate statements is most likely to strengthen Gilbert’s argument?
2. In today’s world, parenting is no longer gendered among two-income couples.
3. Spouses in dual-earner couples often work 60-hour weeks which leave them with little time to spend with their children.
4. Spouses in dual-earner couples have equal responsibility for domestic tasks, including child care.
5. Dual-earner couples rarely make equal domestic contributions.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Dr. Daniels is conducting research on the power of women at work and at home. He argues that women’s power in a relationship is based solely on their economic resources and not on cultural expectations. Which of the following facts might disprove Dr. Daniels theory?
2. Research indicates that an increasing number of couples share equal amounts of paid work, housework, and child care.
3. Wives who out earn their husbands may try to “neutralize” the deviance by increasing their housework time.
4. Studies show that single women tend to be promoted more frequently than married women with children.
5. Long working hours for couples in managerial jobs lower gender inequality by eliminating “separate spheres” at home and in the workplace.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. An advantage of two-income families is that they __________.
2. raise the family’s standard of living
3. help parents spend more time with their children
4. lower role overload for parents
5. allow women to play the role of kin keepers

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is a cost of dual-earner couples?
2. They lower the family’s standard of living.
3. They create the problem of role overload.
4. They tend to make children more “needy.”
5. They increase productivity at work.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Larry and Kim, a married couple, work in different cities. Due to the economic recession, they were left with no choice but to accept jobs in different places. However, they travel to meet each other every weekend. Identify the type of marriage seen in this scenario.
2. stay-at-home couple
3. egalitarian marriage
4. traditional marriage
5. commuter marriage

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is most likely a negative consequence of role overload?
2. higher employee retention
3. decreased absenteeism
4. decreased turnover
5. decreased productivity

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The __________ is the overall income difference between women and men in the workplace.
2. gender imbalance
3. discretionary income
4. gender pay gap
5. gender neutrality

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The gender pay gap is also known as a __________.
2. gender analysis
3. wage gap
4. gender imbalance
5. gender parity

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. The glass ceiling refers to __________.
2. programs that help women climb the corporate ladder
3. women’s placement in staff positions that are on the career track to the top
4. trends that indicate women’s bias toward other women in the workplace
5. attitudinal workplace obstacles faced by women

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following represents a glass ceiling effect?
2. Mai was not promoted to the position of a marketing manager because Anthony was more qualified for the position.
3. Saanvi was not promoted to managing director, despite being highly qualified, because her boss prefers male managers over female managers.
4. Timothy was not selected for a job because he did not have the relevant skills for it.
5. Catherina, who is a mother of two children, experiences a large pay gap compared to the single women at her office.

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is a similarity between the glass ceiling and glass escalator effect?
2. Both focus specifically on women who are mothers.
3. Both focus on stay-at-home mothers.
4. Both refer to phenomena that allow men to advance in the workplace more than women.
5. Both indicate the removal of traditional gender stereotypes.

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following best describes occupational sex segregation?
2. It is the process of segregating women based on their marital status.
3. It involves a lack of mentoring for women and providing them limited access to highly visible committees in the workplace.
4. It refers to the process of lowering the pay gap by encouraging women to join male dominated occupations.
5. It is the process of channeling women and men into different types of jobs.

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. __________ is a major factor behind the gender pay gap.
2. Occupational sex segregation
3. Egalitarian marriage
4. Difference in skill level
5. Differences in educational attainment

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. An advantage of flextime is that it __________.
2. contributes to job turnover
3. increases the possibility of presenteeism
4. ensures that employees have fixed work hours
5. decreases the likelihood of exhaustion

Learning Objective: 4.7 Describe four workplace policies that can benefit or disadvantage families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. James is an employee of RVC Corporation. He works from home and regularly communicates with employees at the central office via email and other modes of communication. This type of a work arrangement is an example of __________.
2. flextime
3. hot desking
4. telecommuting
5. co-working

Learning Objective: 4.7 Describe four workplace policies that can benefit or disadvantage families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Gina works as an architect at AMZ Corporation. She recently had a baby and plans to take 2 months of leave from work. Under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which of the following benefits can she take advantage of?
2. Gina can get paid leave for 12 weeks.
3. Gina can take leave from work without losing her job.
4. Gina can return to a job with fewer responsibilities but with the same pay and benefits.
5. Gina can depend on the supervisor’s good will for leave.

Learning Objective: 4.7 Describe four workplace policies that can benefit or disadvantage families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Difficulty Level: Moderate

1. A limitation of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 is that __________.
2. it does not cover childbirth or parental leave
3. the leave should be taken all at once
4. the leave is unpaid
5. it does not require employees to notify the employer about the leave

Learning Objective: 4.7 Describe four workplace policies that can benefit or disadvantage families.

Topic: Families and Work Policies

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. What are some of the criticisms of labor unions, presented by those who oppose unionization?

The ideal answer should include:

1. They have too much influence.
2. Members are overpaid.
3. They drain state resources because of the pension benefits.
4. Unions have limited employers’ flexibility in hiring and firing decisions.

Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain how and why the economy and work in U.S. society have changed.

Topic: Work in U.S. Society Today

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. How do nonstandard work schedules of parents affect children?

The ideal answer should include:

1. One or both parents spend less time with their children.
2. The children get less supervision and help with homework.
3. Parents tend to spend less time in stimulating activities with their children.
4. Children can develop fewer language skills, doing poorly in school.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze it

1. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of hiring part-time workers?

The ideal answer should include:

1. The major advantage of hiring part-time workers is that employers can save on costs.
2. Employers don’t have to pay health insurance, vacations, and unemployment insurance, by hiring more (or all) part-time workers.
3. The downside includes higher turnover rates among employees.
4. Employees are often less committed to turning out a better product or providing a better service.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Explain five ways that the economy affects families.

Topic: How the Economy Affects Families

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Even though most highly educated women are committed to their careers and work long hours, they’re less likely than their male counterparts to advance in their jobs. Explain the reasons behind this.

The ideal answer should include:

1. Women face the glass ceiling, or stigma that prevents upward mobility.
2. Employers may consider women less committed to their jobs and less capable.
3. Women still spend more time on household tasks which may impact their health.
4. Stereotypes about women’s abilities and skills still exist among some employers.

Learning Objective: 4.5 Describe three important variations of two-income families.

Topic: Two-Income Families

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze it

1. Explain the concept of a motherhood penalty and discuss its impact on women who are mothers.

The ideal answer should include:

1. Motherhood penalty refers to a pay gap between women who are mothers and women who aren’t mothers.
2. Many employers believe that mothers, compared with nonmothers, are less committed to the workplace.
3. Employers may also view mothers as less dependable and less competent.
4. Mothers may face additional issues in low income jobs when compared to nonmothers and fathers due to this problem.

Learning Objective: 4.6 Explain how and why workplace inequality affects families.

Topic: Inequality in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know