Test Questions & Answers Women And The Law Chapter 12

CHAPTER 12

WOMEN AND THE LAW

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Feminism is both a _______________ and a _______________.

a. rule

b. social movement

c. world view

d. both b and c

2. What term is used to describe any social system that is male dominated at all levels, from the family to the highest reaches of government, and supported by the belief of overall male superiority?

a. injustice

b. inequality

c. anti-feminism

d. patriarchy

3. Feminists believe that law is a(n) _____________ of patriarchal society and that it has been used to devalue and disenfranchise women.

a. abomination

b. mirror

c. reverse

d. component

4. What type of feminists tend to be liberals who want to retain but reconfigure the current legal system so that it recognizes women as equals to males?

a. radical

b. sameness

c. difference

d. reformist

5. Which feminist jurisprudence debate revolves around the issue of whether women should be treated equally with males due to the sameness of the sexes or treated differently based on relevant differences between sexes?

a. reformist/radical

b. radical/difference

c. sameness/difference

d. reformist/sameness

6. Early ____________ society was somewhat ambivalent about the status of women.

a. Russian

b. American

c. Greek

d. Egyptian

7. Misogyny is the _______________ of women.

a. hatred

b. devaluation

c. ridicule

d. all of the above

8. Plato and Aristotle regarded women as:

a. naturally more intelligent than men

b. the appropriate leaders of armies in war

c. more adept in political matters than are men

d. inferior to men

9. Which of the following influential thinkers thought the appropriate sphere for women was the home; for men, it was the world?

a. Cicero

b. Hobbes

c. Locke

d. Aristotle

10. In which ancient Greek city, because of its emphasis on breeding, did women have more public lives, and property was communally owned?

a. Corinth

b. Delphi

c. Sparta

d. Athens

11. Aristocratic women may wield a certain amount of power in _____________ societies because of their wealth and their positions as wives and mothers of powerful men.

a. republic

b. democratic

c. autocratic

d. monarchy

12. Which prominent Roman politician wrote that women were to be excluded from the most important sacrifices and rites?

a. Cicero

b. Caligula

c. Augustus

d. Nero

13. In the medieval European feudal system, church theology reinforced the belief that women were and should be subordinate to their husbands because this was their "_____________" state ordained by God.

a. spiritual

b. natural

c. physical

d. heavenly

14. Which Biblical apostle declared that the function of women was to sexually gratify men?

a. Paul

b. Simon

c. Peter

d. James

15. During which time period were women not to be involved in the world outside the home, not because they were evil but because the world was evil?

a. Renaissance

b. Tudor England

c. Elizabethan Period

d. Middle Ages

16. During which time period were women expected to be silent, obedient, and chaste and not allowed to participate in public life?

a. Renaissance

b. Tudor England

c. Middle Ages

d. Elizabethan Period

17. Which philosopher demanded equality for all men, but expressly denied it for women?

a. John Locke

b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

c. Thomas Hobbes

d. Aristotle

18. Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the proper sphere for men was the:

a. public square

b. home

c. school

d. church

19. Mary Wollstonecraft argued all of the following EXCEPT:

a. women's education and training had not been geared toward a role of citizenry and responsibility in the public sphere

b. women's physical appearance is emphasized to the detriment of their intelligence and strength

c. women are treated as equals though they do not know how to deal with this equality

d. women should be educated for their own development

20. Which writer argued that women are the ones who will educate future generations?

a. John Stuart Mill

b. Betty Friedan

c. Mary Wollstonecraft

d. Gloria Steinem

21. In the United States, voting rights were first extended to lower class white males under the _____________ reforms of the 1820s and 1830s, but not for women.

a. Johnsonian

b. Jeffersonian

c. Rooseveltian

d. Jacksonian

22. Despite the Fourteenth Amendment's declaration, women appear to have not been included in the definition of "_____________" for the purposes of allowing them their rights.

a. person

b. state

c. man

d. society

23. The conception of common law that formed the basis for the U.S. system of jurisprudence decreed that adult women were not allowed to be fully _____________ adults.

a. functioning

b. political

c. property owning

d. participatory

24. Under the system of _____________ a married woman had no legal rights or obligations separate from those of her husband, and her whole existence was merged into that of her husband.

a. marriage

b. common law marriage

c. coverture

d. marriage servitude

25. When writing "We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal," which writer of the Declaration of Independence really did mean men, and then only property-owning white men?

a. John Adams

b. Warren Harding

c. George Washington

d. Thomas Jefferson

26. Which famous Black female orator of the time lamented that granting Black men the right to vote without giving the same right to Black women would lead to continued domestic oppression of women?

a. Sojourner Truth

b. Josephine Baker

c. Maya Angelou

d. Ida B. Wells

27. Despite advances at the state level in the West, the rest of the country did not allow women the right to vote until ratification of which amendment?

a. Fourteenth

b. Fifteenth

c. Nineteenth

d. Twenty-first

28. Suzan B. Anthony was not punished for illegally voting in 1872 due to the concern that should she spend any time in jail, she could appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court using a writ of:

a. mandamus

b. habeas corpus

c. mancorpus

d. certiorari

29. Before the 1904 meeting of the International Woman Suffrage Conference, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Anita Auspurg developed principles for conference attendees in their:

a. Declaration of Independence

b. Declaration of Principles

c. Declaration of Suffrage

d. Declaration of Rights

30. The passage of which amendment was the first and only time that the U.S. Constitution explicitly recognized that there was another sex-women?

a. Eighteenth

b. Nineteenth

c. Twentieth

d. Twenty-First

31. If a woman maintains her "place," marries, and is obedient, then she is a:

a. whore

b. Madonna

c. Jezebel

d. Delilah

32. Women thought to be _______________ were subject to rape, persecution, and harassment.

a. Delilahs

b. whores

c. Jezebels

d. Madonnas

33. Which militant humanist activist for women's suffrage in the nineteenth century was one of the first individuals to campaign for the separation of church and state?

a. Esther Morris

b. Charlotte Ray

c. Matilda Joslyn Gage

d. Arabella Mansfield

34. Brownmiller (1975) documented that the _____________ of women and girls throughout history has been tied to their status as property.

a. slavery

b. death

c. marriage

d. rape

35. Under which of the following early legal codes, codified on tablets, were slavery, private property and the subjugation of women facts of life?

a. Mosaic law

b. Ancient Babylonian

c. Code of Hammurabi

d. both a and b

36. Under which ancient legal code might a raped married woman be drowned along with her attacker if her husband no longer wanted her?

a. Code of Hammurabi

b. Law of Moses

c. Twelve Tables

d. Tang Code

37. The "rule of thumb" derives from:

a. Hebrew law

b. Babylonian law

c. English common law

d. the Code of Hammurabi

38. A wife's subjugation to the authority of her husband approached that of everyone's subjugation to the sovereignty of the monarch in early English common law, as the existence of which crime?

a. treason

b. murder

c. marital rape exception

d. petite treason

39. Wives across the globe have been punished severely for the crime of _____________, but men generally have not.

a. rape

b. murder

c. adultery

d. domestic violence

40. Which laws state that a woman accusing a man of rape must produce four Muslim male witnesses as evidence or potentially face charges of false accusation, for which she may receive 80 lashes?

a. Islamic

b. civil law

c. socialist law

d. common law

41. Unlike other immutable characteristics, _______________ has not been considered a suspect classification.

a. national origin

b. race

c. gender

d. religion

42. In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a _______________ classification.

a. non-suspect

b. suspect

c. quasi-suspect

d. strict scrutiny

43. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court reverse the ruling of the Idaho Supreme regarding an Idaho statute declaring that if a minor died intestate, then a male parent executor is preferred over a female parent executor if both claimed to be equally entitled to act as such?

a. Hishon v. King and Spalding

b. State v. Rhodes

c. Reed v. Reed

d. Minor v. Happersett

44. Which wave of the feminist movement concentrated on achieving voting rights for women?

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. modern

45. Many changes for women did not occur until the 1970s when the feminist movement, following on the heels of the _______________, experienced a resurgence.

a. women's rights movement

b. U.S. Supreme Court

c. federal government

d. civil rights movement

46. Which U.S. Supreme Court justice was instrumental in litigating landmark women's rights cases when she served as the head of the American Civil Liberty Union's Women's Rights Project in the 1970s and early 1980s?

a. Ruth Bader Ginsburg

b. Elana Kagan

c. Sonya Sotomayor

d. Sandra Day O'Conner

47. It was not until which year, that the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was passed by Congress and finally sent to the states for ratification?

a. 1952

b. 1962

c. 1972

d. 1982

48. Of the various types of domestic violence, most of it is _______________ violence.

a. stranger

b. parent-child

c. sibling

d. intimate partner

49. In response to calls to "do something" about domestic violence, which act was passed as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994?

a. Violent Crime Act

b. Violence Against Women Act

c. Violence Against Partners Act

d. Violent Partners Act

50. A series of experiments conducted in 1982 showed that _______________ resulted in a significant reduction in repeat calls compared to other methods of dealing with domestic violence.

a. cooling-off periods

b. discretionary arrest

c. discretionary prosecution

d. mandatory arrest

51. Obstacles to admittance and practice in the legal profession were based on a long tradition of excluding women from it, even though some women in colonial America performed _____________ work.

a. legal

b. quasi-legal

c. intermediary

d. professional

52. It was believed that the practice of law required:

a. rationality

b. an objective demeanor

c. an unemotional demeanor

d. all of the above

53. In regard to their early exclusion from legal practice, women were viewed as lacking in the requisite _______________ and as overly subjective and emotional.

a. legal capacity

b. rational education

c. educational capacity

d. logical capacity

54. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the right of the state of Illinois to deny a woman her admission to legal practice?

a. Duren v. Missouri

b. Bradwell v. Illinois

c. Minor v. Happersett

d. Frontiero v. Richardson

55. Which of the following women holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in the United States?

a. Esther Morris

b. Matilda Joslyn Gage

c. Arabella Mansfield

d. Charlotte Ray

56. Which of the following women was the first Black woman to graduate law school and be admitted to the bar in 1872?

a. Charlotte Ray

b. Esther Morris

c. Matilda Joslyn Gage

d. Arabella Mansfield

57. In which year were women admitted to the bar in all states?

a. 1918

b. 1920

c. 1928

d. 1950

58. By which decade were women finally being admitted to law schools and to the practice of law in larger numbers?

a. 1950s

b. 1960s

c. 1970s

d. 1980s

59. Which amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade discrimination in employment based on sex unless there was a bona fide occupational qualification?

a. Title V

b. Title VII

c. Title IX

d. Title XI

60. According to the text, the law is _______________ (male centered), so efforts to decide issues affecting females as victims of males are likely to be stymied by the male view of what women are or should be.

a. androcentric

b. andronichal

c. patronichal

d. patrocentric

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Feminism is a set of theories and strategies for social change that takes gender as its central focus in attempting to understand social institutions, processes, and relationships.

a. True

b. False

2. Gender inequality literally means "rule of the father".

a. True

b. False

3. Feminist jurisprudence is split by two major debates: the reformist/radical and the sameness/difference debates.

a. True

b. False

4. Homer's tales of approximately 800 BCE featured traditional roles for women as domestic servants, baby-makers, and sexual booty in times of war.

a. True

b. False

5. Augustus, a prominent Roman politician, wrote that the proper place for the woman was at home as the subordinated wife of her husband.

a. True

b. False

6. Under the early Bronze system, women were allowed to own and dispose of property only if no male relative was in the picture.

a. True

b. False

7. The sixteenth-century Reformation and the emergence of Protestantism reinforced domestic patriarchy.

a. True

b. False

8. Rousseau believed the appropriate sphere for women was the private home.

a. True

b. False

9. Betty Friedan argued that we cannot know what the natural abilities of women to reason are until they are taught the same things as men.

a. True

b. False

10. Women began to accrue legal rights throughout the seventeenth century in the same way other undervalued persons did.

a. True

b. False

11. Under the marriage servitude system a married couple become one person, and that was, of course, the man.

a. True

b. False

12. Sojourner Truth, a famous Black female orator of the time, lamented that granting Black men the right to vote without giving the same right to Black women would lead to continued domestic oppression of women.

a. True

b. False

13. Minor v. Happersett was the first case relating to women's voting rights to make its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, in which a woman claimed her rights were violated by the defendant who refused to register her as a voter in Missouri.

a. True

b. False

14. The major achievement of the 1904 International Woman Suffrage Conference was the establishment of the World Suffrage Alliance.

a. True

b. False

15. If a woman does not marry or is widowed, divorced, or abandoned, then she is likely to be regarded as a whore.

a. True

b. False

16. Laws against rape and the beating of women and girls historically have been more focused on the consent rights of male owners than on the suffering of the female victims.

a. True

b. False

17. Early American common law recognized the "rule of thumb," which stated that a man had a right to beat his wife as long as the stick he used was no bigger in circumference than his thumb.

a. True

b. False

18. Under Islamic law, a woman who was raped may also face charges of adultery, for which she may be stoned to death if she is married.

a. True

b. False

19. Like the immutable characteristic of race, gender has also been considered a suspect classification.

a. True

b. False

20. In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a quasi-suspect classification.

a. True

b. False

21. In Nguyen v. INS, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) practice of making it easier for foreign-born children of female U.S. citizens to acquire American citizenship than for foreign-born children of male U.S. citizens.

a. True

b. False

22. In Frontiero v. Richardson, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that women were entitled to equal benefits from the government.

a. True

b. False

23. Domestic violence is the least prevalent form of violence in the United States.

a. True

b. False

24. No-drop prosecution is a tactic that the law has used against domestic violence.

a. True

b. False

25. According to Catalano (2015), intimate partner violence declined by more than 60% for both males and females from 1994 to 2010.

a. True

b. False

26. Women did not practice law in any meaningful numbers until the latter half of eighteenth century.

a. True

b. False

27. Matilda Joslyn Gage holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in the United States.

a. True

b. False

28. A number of states have conducted studies which indicate that in actuality men and women receive the same treatment in court.

a. True

b. False

29. In some states, between 50% to 80% of courtroom actors believed that men are awarded a disproportionate share of the marital property by predominantly male judges in divorce cases.

a. True

b. False

30. According to the text, the law is andocentric (male centered), so efforts to decide issues affecting females as victims of males are likely to be stymied by the male view of what women are or should be.

a. True

b. False

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Define patriarchy. How has patriarchy impacted women? Do you feel patriarchy is an issue today? Why or why not?

2. Discuss at least five different individuals and their views regarding women discussed in the text (Cicero, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Mary Wolstonecraft, etc.).

3. Discuss the events in the United States that led to women receiving the right to vote.

4. Discuss how domestic violence has impacted women.

5. Discuss the struggles women have faced in their journey to work in the legal system. Do you feel that parity has been achieved with men in this area? Why or why not?