Test Bank

Chapter 3: “Gender and Sexuality”

Multiple Choice

1. Sociologist Garfinkle (1967) coined the term cisgender to mean

a. someone who is heterosexual

b. someone whose self-identity matches their assigned gender

c. someone who identifies as both genders

d. all of these

2. Gender fluidity is

a. a term to describe a flexible gender expression

b. a term to describe a changing gender identity

c. a gender identity

d. all of these

3. Gender non-conformity can lead to the diagnosis of

a. gender identity disorder

b. gender attribution

c. gender defiance

d. gender identity assignment

4. Judith Jorber (1990) theorizes gender as

a. a performance

b. a triad, instead of a binary

c. a source of freedom

d. all of these

5. West and Zimmerman (1987) theorize gender as

a. something we memorize

b. something we “do”

c. something that is prescribed

d. all of these

6. Transgender individuals

a. challenge a gender segregated world

b. identify with femininity or masculinity, but not both

c. identify as both genders at the same time

d. are accepted in mainstream U.S. culture at this point

7. According to Connell (1987, 1995), emphasized femininity

a. is domineering

b. is self-oriented

c. accommodates the desires of men

d. all of these

8. Intersex individuals

a. are transsexual

b. represent a wide variety of sex variation

c. suffer from sex disorders

d. none of the above

9. While a crossdresser is certainly going against gender norms by wearing clothes of the opposite sex, it could be argued that

a. they are simultaneously sending the message of acceptance of the opposite gender norms

b. they are transphobic

c. they believe fashion to be the ultimate form of gender expression

d. they are sending the message that they wish they could change gender or sex

10. Drag kings and queens are fundamentally

a. theatrical figures

b. exaggerated expressions of gender

c. not the same thing as crossdressers

d. all of these

True/False

1. A gender role is the same thing as a gender identity.

2. A gender schema is a unique, personalized framework.

3. Hegemonic masculinity embodies the ideal of authority and dominance.

4. Hegemonic femininity embodies the ideal of authority and dominance.

5. Intentional misgendering is a form of discrimination.

Short Answer

1. Describe gender socialization for a girl in U.S. culture from birth to old age.

2. Describe one example of a third or non-binary gender in non-Western cultures.

3. Define and describe transition.

4. Describe an example of how the female body is a place where gender, sexuality, and race intersect and are enacted.

5. Describe how gender is defined and shaped by a social institution (education, medicine, or the workforce).

Essay

1. Describe the gender binary system. What are some key socially accepted behaviors associated with femininity and masculinity? How do gender expectations impact our everyday lives? What does it mean to say that gender is socially constructed?

2. How is gender inequality revealed through stereotypes? The sexual double standard? Social institutions? Describe the ways that power operates through the gender hierarchy.

3. What does it mean to identify as transgender? What do you think are some of the challenges, barriers, and discrimination that transgender people face in our society related to the gender binary?

4. What does it mean to be born intersex? What is the traditional medical response to this condition? In what ways does the Intersex Society of North America challenge this traditional approach?

5. How did the feminist movement impact femininities? Describe each wave and its impact.

6. Describe the intersection of gender and sexuality. How is desire and pleasure socially constructed? How are desires gendered?