Test Bank

Chapter 2: “The Science of Sexuality”

Multiple Choice

1. Which views were the most influential toward understanding sexuality until the mid-1800s in Western civilization?

a. medical

b. religious

c. evolution

d. psychological

2. Sexology is

a. influenced by biological research

b. the science of sex

c. influenced by sociology

d. all of these

3. Which of the following sexologists wrote Psychopathia Sexualist (1886) and described non-procreative sex as pathological?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Richard von Krafft-Ebing

c. Havelock Ellis

d. Magnus Hirschfeld

4. Which of the following sexologists published one of the first encyclopedic texts specifically on homosexuality, The Homosexuality of Men and Women (1914) and attempted to eradicate homophobic discrimination?

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Richard von Krafft-Ebing

c. Havelock Ellis

d. Magnus Hirschfeld

5.. Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychosexual development are controversial primarily because of his concept of

a. narcissism

b. penis envy

c. repression

d. sexual drive

6. Charles Darwin’s theories of sex selection claim that in most mammals the female is much more invested in ______ than the male.

a. the survival rate of offspring

b. self-sufficiency

c. lactation

d. the rites of passage

7. Alfred Kinsey shocked the American public because he

a. challenged social norms

b. revealed oral sex was common

c. revealed homosexuality was common

d. all of these

8. The Kinsey scale measures

a. exclusively heterosexuality

b. exclusively homosexuality

c. all sexuality

d. none of these

9. Masters and Johnson were unique from other sexologists because they

a. studied physiological responses

b. studied psychological responses

c. took representative samples

d. considered their work scientific

10. Masters and Johnson developed the sexual response cycle which described

a. stages of desire and excitement

b. specifically female sexual experiences

c. four stages from arousal to orgasm

d. “abnormal” in sexual response

True/False

1. Sexual inversion is an older medical term for homosexuality.

2. Queer theory is the same thing as feminist theory.

3. Representative sample means that the research sample represents the heterosexual population.

4. Sexual deviance is a crime.

5. Female sex researchers experience sexuality stigma.

Short Answer

1. What does Michel Foucault say about the use of the terminology “homosexual” and “heterosexual?”

2. Describe one ethical dilemma in sex research as described in the textbook.

3. Briefly describe The Hite Report by Hite (1976).

4. Describe how the American Psychiatric Association (APA) classified homosexuality from 1952 through 2000.

5. Briefly describe the Sex in America Survey by Laumman (1994).

Essay

1. Describe the key contributions of early researchers of sexuality. In what ways are their perspectives shaped by 19th century cultural ideologies?

2. Who are some of the main sociological contributors to the social constructionist perspective on sexuality? In what ways are their perspectives shaped by 20th century ideologies?

3. How does feminist theory contribute to the science of sexuality? How does intersectionality expand our understanding of sexuality? What does queer theory contribute?

4. Explicate the shifting scientific understandings of homosexuality. Describe its history in science since the 19th century and its current position.