Test Questions & Answers + Energy and Civilization + Ch8

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 8 Energy and Civilization: Patterns of Consumption

1) The shift from using wood as a source of fuel to coal was caused by

A) a decline in local supplies of wood.

B) the start of World War I.

C) an increase in wood prices.

D) a decrease in coal prices.

2) The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms are commonly referred to as

A) wood.

B) compost.

C) fossil fuel.

D) organic fuel.

3) OPEC

A) consists of Arabic countries.

B) controls about 40 percent of the world's oil production.

C) countries are all in the Middle East.

D) All of the statements are correct. 

4) Which country is NOT a member of OPEC?

A) Nigeria

B) U.S.

C) Saudi Arabia

D) Kuwait

5) Electricity

A) is a valuable form of energy since it can be used for many purposes.

B) is difficult to transport.

C) is primarily produced from wind, solar, and other renewable technologies.

D) can be converted to a fossil fuel.

6) For a nation to participate in the Industrial Revolution, they had to have

A) an automobile industry.

B) a source of coal.

C) a source of electricity.

D) a source of wood.

7) People in less developed countries use a high proportion of their energy for

A) industrial purposes.

B) agriculture.

C) transportation.

D) residential uses.

8) The price of a liter of gasoline is determined by

A) the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline.

B) the cost of purchasing crude oil.

C) state and federal taxes.

D) All of these are correct.

E) Only the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline and state and federal taxes are correct.

9) The Industrial Revolution

A) is based on the use of automobiles.

B) resulted in the development of factories.

C) resulted in better working condition.

D) caused people to leave cities for rural areas.

10) Choose the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present.

A) wood, coal, oil, gas

B) coal, wood, gas, oil

C) wood, oil, coal, gas

D) oil, wood, coal, gas

11) The first transfer of energy on Earth occurs

A) during respiration.

B) within the molten core.

C) during photosynthesis.

D) None of these are correct.

12) What was the chief reason for people to leave farms and move to urban areas during the 1800s?

A) several years of drought

B) low market prices for farm products

C) factories required a supply of labor

D) None of these are correct

13) The invention and production of automobiles had which of the following effects?

A) it resulted in the industrial revolution

B) decreased need for labor

C) an increased need for roads

D) All of these are correct

14) From an historical perspective, which one of the following causes the greatest alteration in people's lifestyle?

A) television

B) prefabricated housing

C) automobile

D) electric appliances

15) Almost all electrical energy is produced as a result of

A) burning fossil fuels.

B) nuclear power.

C) hydroelectric power.

D) geothermal power.

16) What percent of electricity in the United States is generated by nuclear power plants?

A) 9%

B) 19%

C) 49%

D) 69%

17) Which of the following is a renewable method to generate electricity?

A) geothermal

B) hydroelectric

C) wind

D) All of these are correct.

18) The growth in the use of natural gas relied on

A) OPEC.

B) the use of pipelines to distribute the gas.

C) the reduction in the supply of coal provide incentive to produce more gas.

D) None of the statements is correct.

19) Which of the following is a major source of energy in the developing world?

A) coal

B) oil

C) wood

D) gasoline

20) The large difference is gasoline prices between the United States and most European countries is cause by a difference in

A) the price of the crude oil used to make gasoline.

B) the taxes governments place on gasoline.

C) the kind of fuels the automobiles use.

D) All of these differences are involved.

Which of the following best matches the description?

21) Remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

22) Period of time when plant material accumulated in swamps and was ultimately converted to coal.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

23) Cartel of oil-exporting countries.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

24) Period in history when machinery replaced human labor.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

25) Obtained nearly all of their energy from collecting plants and hunting animals.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

26) Twenty-five countries that consume over half the world's energy.

A) OPEC

B) fossil fuels

C) hunter-gatherer

D) OECD

E) methanol

F) Industrial Revolution

G) gross domestic product

H) Carboniferous period

J) hydrogen fuel cell

K) compressed natural gas

27) Fossil fuels are liquid deposits of iron ore found only in sedimentary rock formations.

28) Fossil fuels replaced wood as the primary source of energy in developed nations.

29) The first fossil fuel to be used by man was oil which was followed by coal.

30) During the Carboniferous period, conditions in the world were conducive to the formation of large deposits of fossil fuels.

31) The higher the price of energy, the more expensive goods and services become.

32) The majority of all electric energy is produced as a result of the burning of fossil fuels.

33) The Industrial Revolution began in the United States and spread to Europe in the late nineteenth century.

34) Heavy use of wood during early civilization led to shortages of trees.

35) Analysts predict that the worldwide demand for energy will decrease in the future.

36) A constant supply of energy is required by all living things to maintain life.

37) All organisms require a constant input of energy.

38) Peat furnished most of the energy and construction materials for early civilization.

39) There has been a major decrease in the use of natural gas for home heating and industrial purposes in the United States.

40) Approximately 40% of the energy used in a typical household is used for heating.

41) North America with roughly 4.5% of the world's population consumes about 40% of the gasoline produced in the world.

42) OPEC plays a leading role in the development of world oil prices.

43) World oil prices for a barrel of crude have never exceeded $50 per barrel.

44) There is no correlation between the industrial revolution and social economic changes.

45) The invention of the automobile dramatically increased the demand for oil products.

46) Some countries have passed regulations to convince motorists to use other transportation means by requiring the drivers to pay fees.

47) Many cities around the globe have attempted to reduce the congestion from automobiles by enacting various regulations to encourage use of more efficient public transit.

48) Increased demand for energy will lead to a decrease in the price of energy.

49) Energy use

A) is growing rapidly in economically developed countries.

B) per person is low in economically developed countries.

C) is growing rapidly in newly industrialized countries.

D) is decreasing world-wide.

50) Per Capita energy consumption is

A) high in economically more developed countries.

B) low in economically less developed countries.

C) not increasing in more developed countries.

D) All of the statements are true.

51) Energy consumption for transportation

A) is highest in more economically developed countries.

B) is very similar in all more economically developed countries.

C) is growing slowly in newly industrialized countries.

D) None of the statements is true.

52) The price of fuel for vehicles is determined by

A) supply and demand.

B) political events in oil producing countries.

C) taxes.

D) All of the options are true.

53) The most energy-demanding activity in a typical home is

A) lighting.

B) heating and cooling.

C) appliances.

D) computers and electronics.

54) Which one of the following government actions matches its outcome?

A) High taxes on motor fuels lead to increased fuel efficiency.

B) Subsidies for energy companies reduce the cost of energy.

C) Tax credits for installing solar energy lead to reduced use of solar energy.

D) Regulation on emissions from power plants leads to reduced energy cost for electricity.