Test Bank Chapter 7 Populations Characteristics and Issues

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 7 Populations: Characteristics and Issues

1) On a population growth curve, the ________ phase results in a rapid increase in the size of the population.

A) lag

B) deceleration

C) stable equilibrium

D) exponential growth

2) Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in a typical population growth curve?

A) stable equilibrium, exponential, lag, deceleration

B) lag, exponential, deceleration, stable equilibrium

C) deceleration, lag, stable equilibrium, exponential

D) stable equilibrium, lag, deceleration, exponential

3) Which phase of a population growth curve is characterized by a slowing of population growth as the carrying capacity is being reached?

A) lag phase

B) exponential phase

C) deceleration phase

D) stable equilibrium phase

4) The human population is currently

A) growing rapidly.

B) in the lag phase.

C) in the stable equilibrium phase.

D) in the lag phase in much of Europe.

5) In a bacterial growth curve, the population follows a typical growth curve until

A) waste products become lethal.

B) raw materials are depleted.

C) they encounter a lag phase.

D) there is predation.

6) Terms used to describe factors (or sets of factors) that limit population size include

A) extrinsic and intrinsic limiting factors.

B) density-dependent and independent limiting factors.

C) environmental resistance.

D) All of these are correct.

7) Factors that control populations that come from outside the population are known as

A) extrinsic limiting factors.

B) intrinsic limiting factors.

C) environmental resistance.

D) density dependant limiting factors.

8) Ecologists refer to the maximum sustainable population for an area as

A) exponential growth.

B) lag phase.

C) carrying capacity.

D) None of these are correct.

9) Which of the following sets of characteristics is typical of an r-strategist?

A) The population tends to grow for a period and then crash followed by another growth period.

B) The population size tends to be strongly influenced by extrinsic limiting factors.

C) The organisms tend to be small and have short life spans.

D) All of these responses are correct.

E) None of these responses is correct.

10) Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?

A) Stabilization must occur.

B) Mortality must exceed natality.

C) Birthrate must exceed death rate.

D) Carrying capacity must occur.

11) When a population stops growing and its size no longer fluctuates, it is said to

A) be at stable equilibrium.

B) be at the death phase.

C) be at the lag phase.

D) have met its biotic potential.

12) A measure of the land area required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population is referred to as the

A) ecological footprint.

B) ecological impact.

C) human impact.

D) human dependent footprint.

13) Which of the following limiting factors is NOT a component of environmental resistance?

A) availability of raw materials

B) organismal biotic potential

C) availability of energy

D) accumulation of waste products

E) All of these are correct.

14) Which organism is affected the most by the accumulation of waste?

A) humans

B) plants

C) small rodents

D) bacteria

15) K-strategists are

A) large and long-lived.

B) small and long-lived.

C) controlled by density-dependent factors.

D) large and short-lived.

E) large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.

F) None of these are correct.

16) Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor limiting population size?

A) disease

B) predation

C) biotic potential

D) space

17) Which of the following countries has the lowest population growth rate?

A) China

B) Brazil

C) India

D) Russia

18) Deer invest a great deal of energy in a few offspring that have a good chance of living to reproduce. They are said to be

A) density-independent.

B) K-strategists.

C) replacement fertile.

D) r-strategists.

19) Oysters produce a million eggs of which only a few find suitable habitat to live. They are said to be

A) density-dependent.

B) K-strategists.

C) r-strategists.

D) near carrying capacity.

20) If the human population continues to grow as expected, it will reach ________ by the year 2050.

A) 12 billion

B) 10 billion

C) 15 billion

D) 25 billion

21) Which of the following factors may cause a population to grow?

A) lower birthrate than death rate

B) higher birthrate than death rate

C) low immigration

D) higher ratio of post-reproductive females

22) Populations of r-strategists will be most affected by

A) density-dependent factors.

B) density-independent factors.

23) The current (2017) human population is about

A) 4.6 billion.

B) 7.5 billion.

C) 4 billion.

D) 10 billion.

Which of the following best matches the description?

24) Phase in a population growth pattern in which the death rate and birthrate become equal.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

25) Limiting factors that become more severe as the size of the population increases.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

26) Limiting factors that are not affected by population size.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

27) Combination of all environmental influences that tend to keep populations stable.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

28) Movement out of an area that was once one's place of residence.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

29) Small organism that has a short life span and produces a large number of offspring.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

30) Measure of the number of organisms per unit of area.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

31) Comparative percentages of different age groups within a population.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

32) Inherent reproductive capacity.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

33) Optimum number of individuals of a species that can be supported in an area over an extended period of time.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

34) Portion of the population growth curve that shows the population declining.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

35) Period of population growth when the population increases at an ever-increasing rate.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

36) Initial phase of population growth during which growth occurs very slowly.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

37) Large organism that has a long life span and produces few offspring.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

38) Migration of organisms from a concentrated population into areas with lower population densities.

A) stable equilibrium phase

B) exponential growth phase

C) biotic potential

D) carrying capacity

E) r-strategist

F) lag phase

G) K-strategist

H) environmental resistance

J) population density

K) density-dependent limiting factor

L) death phase

M) density-independent factor

N) dispersal

O) age distribution

P) emigration

Q) immigration

39) Organisms that enter a population from elsewhere are involved in

A) stable equilibrium phase.

B) exponential growth phase.

C) biotic potential.

D) carrying capacity.

E) r-strategist.

F) lag phase.

G) K-strategist.

H) environmental resistance.

J) population density.

K) density-dependent limiting factor.

L) death phase.

M) density-independent factor.

N) dispersal.

O) age distribution.

P) emigration.

Q) immigration.

40) A typical population growth curve shows an exponential growth phase followed by a lag phase.

41) A population is a group of different species that inhabit a specific area.

42) Natality measures the number of individuals that die in a population over a period of time.

43) The introduction of genetic and cultural characteristics into an existing population is called emigration.

44) K-strategist populations generally do not reach carrying capacity but rather crash because of density-dependent limiting factors.

45) Predation and parasitism are important in determining population size.

46) Age distribution and sex ratio have little impact on population growth.

47) Available raw materials are limiting factors that contribute to carrying capacity.

48) Most organisms have a biotic potential much greater than that needed to replace dying organisms.

49) Population growth is determined by the combined effects of birthrate and death rate.

50) The factors that prevent unlimited population growth are known as limiting factors.

51) The use of weed killers has removed a limiting factor to the size of populations of crop plants.

52) The human population is gradually decreasing and will soon stabilize.

53) The sex ratio of a population is a way of stating the relative number of males and females.

54) K-strategists typically are small and short-lived organisms.

55) Human populations are not subject to the same type of biological factors that influence other populations.

56) The ecological footprint of Japan is estimated to be several times larger than its locally available resources.

57) Exponential growth results in a population increasing by a different percent each year.

58) All the different limiting factors that act upon a population are collectively known as environmental resistance.

59) The scientific study of human populations, their characteristics, how these characteristics affect growth and the consequences of that growth is known as demography.

60) The rate of human population growth has led to political unrest in response to unequal access to resources.

61) Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.

A) The terms species and population are interrelated.

B) A species is the largest possible population of a particular kind of organism.

C) A population includes all organisms in a specific place.

D) The term population is often used to refer to portions of a species by specifying a space and time.

62) The demographic dividend for developing countries typically involves all the following EXCEPT

A) improvements in public health.

B) reduced numbers of births.

C) women enter work force.

D) children make up a larger portion of the population.

63) Which one of the following countries is experiencing the effects of a demographic dividend?

A) The United States

B) China

C) Haiti

D) Russia

64) In the future the United States is projected to

A) have a decreasing population.

B) have an increasing proportion of young people.

C) have an increasing non-white proportion of the population.

D) undergo a demographic transition.

65) The area of the world with the most rapidly growing population is

A) Africa.

B) Asia.

C) South and Central America.

D) Europe.

66) The total fertility rate is:

A) high in economically less developed regions of the world.

B) high in economically developed regions of the world.

C) high in regions of the world with high education levels.

D) high in regions of the world where few teenaged women are married.

67) Invasive species typically have rapidly increasing population sizes because

A) they have few predators or diseases in their new location.

B) they can live in a variety of habitats.

C) they have very effective mechanisms for dispersal.

D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above is correct.

68) Which one of the following statements about population growth is correct?

A) Dispersal increases the rate at which a population grows.

B) The number of males in the population is more important than the number of females.

C) The number of offspring produced per female is very important.

D) A high percentage of young individuals in a population we result in slow population growth.

69) The size of the population of an animal like a rabbit is likely to be controlled by which one of the following?

A) The amount of sunlight energy.

B) The size of the populations of owls, foxes, and coyotes.

C) The number of dead trees in their habitat.

D) The number of mice and squirrels in the area.

70) The population cycles of lemmings in the arctic

A) occur because of the severe winters.

B) involve interactions between lemmings and their predators.

C) occur because of density-independent limiting factors.

D) occur because lemmings are K-strategists.

71) Human population growth rates and economic conditions in countries are related in which of the following ways?

A) Rich countries can afford to support higher population growth rates.

B) Countries with high income have more children.

C) Poor countries have higher population growth rates.

D) Poor countries cannot afford to have very many children.

72) The environmental impact of a country is determined by

A) the size and rate of growth of its population.

B) the number of possessions of a typical person.

C) the energy used by a typical person.

D) All of the options are correct.

73) Human population growth rates are influenced by both biological and cultural factors. Which of the following cultural factors is NOT related to differences in the population growth rates of countries?

A) Access to birth control.

B) Immigration policy.

C) Age at which men marry.

D) The educational achievement of girls and young women.

74) Human population growth rates are influenced by both biological and cultural factors. Which of the following biological factors is NOT related to differences in the population growth rates countries?

A) Percentage of young people in the population.

B) The death rate.

C) The total fertility rate.

D) The age at which girls can first become pregnant.

75) The number of immigrants entering a country is likely to be influenced by

A) economic and political conditions in neighboring countries.

B) the need of a country to have more workers.

C) willingness of a country to accept immigrants.

D) All of the options are correct.

76) Rich countries typically have a ________ total fertility rate, a ________infant mortality rate, and a ________number of years of education than poor countries.

A) high; high; greater

B) low; low; greater

C) low; low; lower

D) high; low; greater

77) People in low income countries

A) eat less animal protein than those in high income countries.

B) produce more food than those in high income countries.

C) are less likely to eat vegetables than those in high income countries.

D) are less likely to be farmers than those in high income countries.

78) The need of people in poor countries to produce food

A) would be improved if more people became farmers.

B) causes people to convert more land to agriculture.

C) would be improved if people changed the kind of food they eat.

D) None of the statements is correct.

79) The demographic transition model seeks to explain the steps necessary for a country to move from a poor (less developed) to a richer (more developed) economy. Which one of the following statements about the model is correct?

A) Initially, poor countries have low birth rates and high death rates.

B) As the economy improves, the birth rate rises and the death rate falls.

C) After an economy has completed the demographic transition, the birth rates are low and the death rates are low.

D) As the economy improves, the birth rate falls and the death rate stays the same.

80) The population of the United States is likely to show which of the following changes over the next 50 years?

A) The population will decline.

B) Emigration from the United States will increase.

C) The average age of the population will increase.

D) The total fertility rate will increase.

81) Future world population increase is likely. Which of the following is likely to become an issue?

A) Demand for energy will decrease.

B) Living conditions will improve.

C) There will be a greater impact on non-human organisms.

D) Food and other raw materials will cease to be a problem.

82) Many women in the world are having more children than they want. Which of the follow statements about world family planning programs is correct?

A) The United States has consistently provide major funding for world family planning programs.

B) Family planning programs can reduce total fertility rates and improve the health of mothers and children.

C) Family planning programs rely on abortion as a major way to reduce birth rates.

D) One of the major goals of most family planning programs is to provide accurate information about contraception.

E) Family planning programs can reduce total fertility rates and improve the health of mothers and children and one of their major goals is to provide accurate information about contraception.

F) All of the statements are correct.