Chapter 15: The Future of Community Policing

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is considered to be a critical factor related to perceived police legitimacy?

A. informal social control

B. restorative justice

C. procedural fairness

D. rational choice

Learning Objective: 15-1: Discuss the expectations of the public of law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Expectations and Satisfaction With Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which concept concerns public perceptions of how citizens are treated?

A. procedural fairness

B. rational choice

C. informal social control

D. restorative justice

Learning Objective: 15-1: Discuss the expectations of the public of law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Public Expectations and Satisfaction With Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. According to the authors, citizens’ satisfaction is more closely related to which of the following?

A. the use of informal social control and social support

B. police legitimacy and procedural fairness

C. the use of tough-on-crime policies

D. police portrayals in the media

Learning Objective: 15-1: Discuss the expectations of the public of law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Expectations and Satisfaction With Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of two Pew Research Center studies on the public’s expectations of law enforcement?

A. Police officers were less likely to see themselves as protectors than as enforcers.

B. The majority of the public believes that we need more police officers.

C. Police officers largely believe that the public does not understand the trials faced by police in their daily work.

D. The majority of the public stated that they do not trust law enforcement officers.

Learning Objective: 15-1: Discuss the expectations of the public of law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Expectations and Satisfaction With Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. One of the most common and most dangerous calls for service relates to ______.

A. domestic violence

B. trespassing

C. disorderly conduct

D. noise complaints

Learning Objective: 15-2: Discuss the connection between community policing and restorative justice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which type of policing strategies are associated with community policing?

A. paramilitary

B. reactive

C. proactive

D. predictive

Learning Objective: 15-2: Discuss the connection between community policing and restorative justice.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following concepts is based on the idea that offenders can repair the harm caused to the victim?

A. restorative justice

B. rehabilitation

C. retributive justice

D. incapacitation

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following scenarios most applies to the concept of restorative justice?

A. Offenders receive treatment for issues when they return to the community.

B. Offenders return to the community and contribute to the community while repairing the harm to those affected by the criminal conduct.

C. Offenders return to the community where they have to meet conditions required by their probation or parole officer.

D. Offenders remain incarcerated until they have completed their sentences.

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Restorative justice elevates the role of which of the following individuals?

A. the victim

B. the offender

C. the community

D. the police officer

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following was identified as a key principle of restorative justice?

A. The justice system should focus on punishing the offender.

B. The government has the responsibility to maintain order and build peace.

C. The community should be active participants in promoting public safety and justice.

D. The justice system should enable the victims and offenders of crime to participate in the process in an adversarial way.

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Restorative justice is often associated with which type of policing?

A. traditional

B. intelligence-led

C. predictive

D. community

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following is an example of a restorative policing obligation?

A. cleanups

B. setting priorities for police activities

C. neighborhood watch

D. community service

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Which of the following is an example of a community policing activity?

A. neighborhood watch

B. restitution

C. apologies

D. peacemaking pacts

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which concept is aimed at mobilizing and enhancing citizen and community groups’ skills and confidence in informal responses to crime, harm, and conflict?

A. procedural fairness

B. rational choice

C. community building

D. restorative conferencing

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. According to the authors, the main question in restorative policing is: What is in the best interest of the ______?

A. offender

B. criminal justice system

C. community

D. victim

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Under the concept of restorative policing, crime control and sanctioning unwanted behavior is under the purview of the ______.

A. courts

B. police

C. community

D. government

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which sector critical to systemic change could tie funding for police departments to the implementation of restorative policing practices?

A. organizational

B. legislative/policy

C. individual officer

D. community

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Implementation of Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which domain includes police officer descriptions and training that emphasize restorative practices?

A. community

B. legislative/policy

C. organizational

D. individual officer

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Implementation of Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following was identified as the essence of the restorative policing implementation challenge?

A. community

B. individual officer

C. legislative/policy

D. organizational

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Implementation of Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which type of conferencing stems from the traditions of the Maori in New Zealand and focuses on the community members most affected by the crime?

A. community reparative boards

B. victim–offender mediation

C. family group conferencing

D. circle sentencing

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police-Based Restorative Conferencing Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which type of conferencing originally stems from the practices of some indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States?

A. community reparative boards

B. victim–offender mediation

C. family group conferencing

D. circle sentencing

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police-Based Restorative Conferencing Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following best describes the goal of community reparative board programs?

A. to engage in a dialogue and support the healing process of the victim

B. to make offenders aware of the negative consequences of their crime and repair the damage they have caused

C. to promote the healing of the victim, offender, and family members

D. to give the victim an opportunity to confront the offender and participate in the sanctioning decisions

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police-Based Restorative Conferencing Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following statements pertaining to the use of drones by law enforcement agencies is true?

A. They can help law enforcement officers visualize blood patterns and stains and calculate distance and height.

B. They modulate the sounds of gunshots during SWAT operations, which allow the team members to distinguish between friendly and hostile fire.

C. They provide real-time information that can help officers assess the situation, arrest criminals, and save lives.

D. They could make driving safer for the officers by providing them with car operating data and traffic management information.

Learning Objective: 15-6: Describe how technology will change policing in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Drones

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. Which type of technology can overlay virtual images onto a person’s real-world field of vision or into a real-world experience in a way that improves and enhances the ability to accomplish a wide range of tasks and assignments?

A. augmented reality

B. drones

C. robots

D. body cameras

Learning Objective: 15-6: Describe how technology will change policing in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Augmented Reality

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Community policing is considered to be a short-term strategy.

Learning Objective: 15-2: Discuss the connection between community policing and restorative justice.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Community policing is imperative to reducing the number of calls for service and the number of patrol cars needed to keep citizens safe.

Learning Objective: 15-2: Discuss the connection between community policing and restorative justice.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The application of community policing to restorative justice is referred to as restorative policing.

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Formal social control aims to promote conformity to norms and laws via sanctions such as shaming, peer group pressure, family intervention, or other entities such as churches.

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. One of the main goals of community building is to promote formal social control.

Learning Objective: 15-4: Explain restorative practices used by police departments.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Restorative Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Supporting the use of body-worn cameras by providing grants to departments is a way that the Department of Justice can influence the relationship between police and citizens.

Learning Objective: 15-5: Discuss potential political influences on policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Influences on Law Enforcement: The Potential Role of Congress

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The federal government has the power to compel local law enforcement agencies to implement specific programs.

Learning Objective: 15-5: Discuss potential political influences on policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Influences on Law Enforcement: The Potential Role of Congress

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Drones can be used by law enforcement agencies for search and rescue missions, traffic collision and crime scene reconstruction, active shooter incidents, and surveillance of suspects or places.

Learning Objective: 15-6: Describe how technology will change policing in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drones

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Drone technology, while used in the military, has yet to be utilized by law enforcement agencies.

Learning Objective: 15-6: Describe how technology will change policing in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Drones

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. According to the authors, some believe the future of policing must be based less on punitive enforcement and more on community engagement in order to be effective. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 15-1: Discuss the expectations of the public of law enforcement.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Public Expectations and Satisfaction With Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the concept of restorative justice. What does it allow the offenders to do? Why is it important?

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss the three key principles of restorative justice.

Learning Objective: 15-3: Explain the concept of restorative policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community Policing as the Foundation of Restorative Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Identify the three main strategies that the federal government could use to influence the relationship between police and citizens.

Learning Objective: 15-5: Discuss potential political influences on policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Police Influences on Law Enforcement: The Potential Role of Congress

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In your opinion, how do you think technology will change policing in the future? Do you think civilians will accept the use of technology, such as augmented reality, in policing? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 15-6: Describe how technology will change policing in the future.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: How Technology May Change Policing in the Future

Difficulty Level: Medium