Chapter 13: Community Policing and Police Administration

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. William Bratton, an illustrious law enforcement officer, was a proponent for which type of policing?

A. traditional reactive policing

B. predictive policing

C. problem-oriented policing

D. data-driven policing

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which theory did William Bratton employ as the underlying foundation for addressing quality of life concerns in the community?

A. broken windows theory

B. social disorganization theory

C. routine activities theory

D. differential association theory

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. William Bratton relied on which of the following forms of policing?

A. problem-oriented policing

B. predictive policing

C. community policing

D. traditional policing

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. According to William Bratton, accountability should be placed on which type of law enforcement officer?

A. precinct commanders

B. academy recruits

C. chief of police

D. beat officers

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Compstat is an analytical ______ system that was developed to better understand crime patterns and to apply this knowledge to solutions.

A. transparency

B. accountability

C. integrity

D. feasibility

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which law enforcement position is responsible for delegating much of the operational decision making to the command staff who provide supervisory oversight to various units within the organization?

A. police detective

B. police sergeant

C. police captain

D. police chief

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Top Cop Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following is an example of a top cop responsibility?

A. respond to calls for service

B. perform surveillance and monitor suspects

C. collect and use forensic evidence to solve crimes

D. manage fiscal and resource allocation

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Top Cop Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. According to the text, in order to maintain legitimacy with the public, officials must be ______.

A. strategically transparent with their communications

B. authoritative in nature

C. fully immersed in the police subculture

D. willing to give in to political pressure, at all costs

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Top Cop as a Public Figure and Community Leader

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The relationship between leadership (i.e., top cops) and the police union is often ______.

A. amicable

B. civil

C. contentious

D. disastrous

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Top Cop and the Police Union

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Pending the results of an investigation, police officers are ______.

A. immediately fired from their position

B. placed on paid or unpaid administrative leave

C. taken to jail while they await the results

D. able to continue their job duties without any repercussions

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Police Officer Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following was the most frequently cited reason for adopting community policing in a study on community policing?

A. chief’s desire to switch to community policing

B. focus on specific neighborhoods with high crime levels

C. become more proactive with community groups

D. establish partnerships with community groups

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Incentives to Adopt Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Historically, the public and police expected ______ policing, which focuses on crime-fighting and law and order.

A. community

B. traditional

C. intelligence-led

D. problem-oriented

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coercive Change Motivations

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Following the 1960s President’s Task Force, progressive police leaders collaborated with ______ to reform policing.

A. citizen review boards

B. the military

C. politicians

D. academic scholars

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Riots and Civil Unrest

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. According to researchers, which of the following traditional methods used to address crime failed to reduce endemic crime problems?

A. hot spot policing

B. SARA model

C. Compstat

D. rapid response

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Experiment in Flint, Michigan, was one of the first studies to focus on which of the following?

A. fear of crime

B. pretextual stops

C. change management

D. crime rates

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fear of Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. According to the authors, what was the one good thing that came out of the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Experiment?

A. the need for increased budgets to study policing

B. the elevation of fear of crime as a valid police priority

C. the importance of using data to compile hate crime statistics

D. the need for innovative change within law enforcement

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fear of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which theory did a lot to further the importance of social decay, disorder, and disorganization as a valid police concern?

A. routine activities theory

B. general strain theory

C. broken windows theory

D. social learning theory

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fear of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. According to the text, the structure of policing has become more ______.

A. decentralized

B. relaxed

C. informal

D. specialized

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Impediments to Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following early innovations failed because police leaders did not understand the need for organizational change to support reforms?

A. team policing

B. problem-oriented policing

C. hot spot policing

D. intelligence-led policing

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Impediments to Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. One of the biggest hurdles for police managers is countering resistance from ______.

A. officers

B. public

C. elected officials

D. judges

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Impediments to Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which theory posits that the criminal justice system as a whole, and law enforcement in particular, is considered to be a closed system?

A. contingency theory

B. systems theory

C. scientific management theory

D. neoclassical theory

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Closed System

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The need for community policing is greatest in areas that are described as ______.

A. low crime

B. racial-ethnic minority

C. affluent

D. suburban

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime and Disorder Challenges to Implementation

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following entities funds the Sheriff’s Office?

A. cities

B. federal government

C. county

D. state government

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Budgets Allocations for Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. According to a survey of police agencies in 2010, the majority of departments reported which of the following?

A. cuts on overtime spending

B. reduced salary increases or no salary increases

C. laying off employees

D. implementing furloughs

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Economic Downturns Create Hardships

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In police management circles, which term has become one of the most abused and misunderstood concepts of the past 30 years?

A. predictive policing

B. community policing

C. traditional policing

D. problem-oriented policing

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Policing Realities

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Change management is referred to as the ability of leadership to prepare and support employees through organizational change.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Ineffective leadership can lead to a vote of no confidence, whereby the chief can be removed from office, which is a very bad thing for their career.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Top Cop, Who’s the Boss?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Police chief positions are considered to be highly political.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Top Cop and Elected Officials

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In many communities, police/citizen encounters are mostly positive.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Race Relations

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Change resistance among police officers is compounded by police culture, peer dependency, cynicism, distrust in management, and distrust in the public.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Officer Resistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Pretextual stops are when police use a minor infraction or violation to dig deeper and find unrelated crimes.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Crime and Disorder Challenges to Implementation

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Local law enforcement agencies get their funding only through taxes and grants.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Budgets Allocations for Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The number of police officers is driven by the community’s population, rather than the budget.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Budgets Allocations for Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The ability of police departments to implement community policing is subject to many factors that may be out of the control of the agency itself.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Impact of Budget Cuts on the Community

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. What are the responsibilities of the top cop?

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Top Cop Responsibilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Explain the impact that police unions can have on top cop reform efforts. Use an example to illustrate your answer.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Explain the leadership role of the top cop.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Top Cop and the Police Union

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Identify three motivations communities have to adopt community policing.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Debate the use of incentives to adopt community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Incentives to Adopt Community Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Explain why many police scholars argue that community policing will never be fully realized nor successful.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the impediments to the adoption of community policing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Impediments to Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What are some of the unintended consequences of budget cuts within police departments? How do budget cuts affect local communities?

Learning Objective: 13-4: Explain why crime rates and budgets are difficult for innovation and why departments resort to traditional policing in the face of economic downturn.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Unintended Consequences for Departments

Difficulty Level: Hard