Test Bank Introduction To Criminology Chapter 1

Test Bank

Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminology

Multiple Choice

1. A crime that is considered “an act which is not inherently immoral, but becomes so because its commission is expressly forbidden by positive law” is called ______.

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. illegal

d. civil wrongs

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. A crime that is considered “an act inherently and essentially evil, that is immoral in its nature and injurious in its consequence, without any regard to the fact of its being noticed or punished by the law of the state” is called ______.

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. illegal

d. civil wrongs

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Prostitution is illegal in most jurisdictions in the United States. However, prostitution is legal, and licensed, in most counties of Nevada. This type of crime would be considered ______.

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. illegal

d. civil wrongs

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. ______ are not necessarily against the law but are considered atypical and may be deemed immoral rather than illegal.

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. Deviant acts

d. Civil wrongs

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ defined criminology as the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon, which includes the process of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws.

a. Hirschi

b. Gottfredson

c. Durkheim

d. Sutherland

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ often refers to the various criminal justice agencies and institutions, such as police, courts, and corrections, that are interrelated and work together toward common goals.

a. Victimology

b. Restorative justice

c. Criminal justice

d. Jurisprudence

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A ______ of crime views the formal system of laws, as well as the enforcement of those laws, as incorporating societal norms for which there is a broad normative consensus.

a. conflict perspective

b. symbolic interactionism

c. consensus perspective

d. traditionalism perspective

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The ______ maintains that there is conflict between various societal groups with different interests, and it is often resolved when the group in power achieves control.

a. conflict perspective

b. symbolic interactionism

c. consensus perspective

d. rational choice theory

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The structure of the criminal justice system is often presented as ______.

a. police and corrections

b. police and courts

c. police, courts, and corrections

d. police, victims, and courts

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. ______ are designated as lower courts, and they do not have power that extends to the overall administration of justice; thus, they do not try felony cases and do not have appellate authority.

a. Courts of limited jurisdiction

b. Courts of general jurisdiction

c. Courts of appellate jurisdiction

d. The Supreme Court

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. ______ are designated as major trial courts. They have the power and authority to try and decide any case, including appeals from a lower court.

a. Courts of limited jurisdiction

b. Courts of general jurisdiction

c. Courts of appellate jurisdiction

d. The Supreme Court

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. ______ are designated as appeals courts. They are limited in their jurisdiction decisions on matters of appeal from lower courts and trial courts.

a. Courts of limited jurisdiction

b. Courts of general jurisdiction

c. Courts of appellate jurisdiction

d. The Supreme Court

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. According to conflict perspective, conflict is often resolved when the group in power achieves ______.

a. control

b. a truce

c. defeat

d. values

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The general purpose of the criminal justice system includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. control crime

b. prevent crime

c. community support

d. provide and maintain justice

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The term criminal justice generally refers to all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. corrections

b. military

c. police

d. courts

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The term criminology was first coined by ______.

a. Raffaele Garafalo

b. Paul Topinard

c. Edwin Sutherland

d. Joanne Belknap

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The federal court system is a three-tiered model including all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. U.S. Small Claims Court

b. U.S. Supreme Court

c. U.S. District Courts

d. U.S. Courts of Appeals

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. In 2002, President George W. Bush created the ______ in an effort to protect and defend the United States from terrorist threats.

a. Drug Enforcement Administration

b. Department of Homeland Security

c. Federal Bureau of Investigation

d. U.S. Secret Service

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Historically, the primary objective of processing juveniles was to determine ______.

a. guilt

b. innocence

c. what was in the best interest of the child

d. if their parents had any responsibility

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. ______ is generally reserved for those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences who may be housed in a supermax, maximum, medium, or minimum security prison, based on security concerns.

a. Jail

b. Probation

c. Parole

d. Prison

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. ______ is a criterion of causality that requires a change in a predictor variable (X) to be consistently associated with some change in the explanatory variable (Y).

a. Causation

b. Spuriousness

c. Validity

d. Correlation

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Three Requirements for Determining Causality

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. ______ is a relatively new area of criminology.

a. Policing

b. Victimology

c. Research methods

d. Statistical analysis

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Victimology

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. ______ is given by the state/government, and restitution is given by the offender, typically as part of the sentence given.

a. Compensation

b. Restorative justice

c. Victim impact statements

d. Jurisdiction

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compensation and Restitution

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. In 1983, the ______ was established by the U.S. Department of Justice to implement recommendations from the President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime.

a. Department of Victimology and Statistics

b. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

c. Department of Justice and Measurements

d. Office of Compensation and Restitution

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Abuse and Neglect

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. The ______ task force program assists state and local enforcement in preventing and investigating technology-based sexual exploitation.

a. Central Intelligence Agency

b. Department of Homeland Security

c. Internet Crimes Against Children

d. Federal Bureau of Investigation

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Abuse and Neglect

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The American colonists followed the common law doctrine from England, which held that juveniles ______ years or older could be treated the same as adult offenders.

a. 7

b. 12

c. 14

d. 18

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. The U.S. corrections systems include several residential sanctions, such as ______, work release programs, and study release programs.

a. prisons

b. halfway houses

c. jails

d. house arrest

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. The United States has a three-tiered federal court system. The middle tier includes ______ circuit courts of appeal.

a. 3

b. 13

c. 50

d. 94

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. The U.S. corrections systems include several non-residential sanctions, such as ______, electronic monitoring, and day reporting centers.

a. jails

b. prisons

c. halfway houses

d. house arrest

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. The concept of parens patriae led the juvenile justice system to focus on determining what was in the best interests of the child. As a result, juvenile offenders in the United States ______.

a. have always enjoyed the same due process rights as adults

b. did not obtain due process rights until after the Civil War

c. did not obtain due process rights until the 1960s.

d. still have no recognized due process rights according to the Supreme Court

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. In the 1967 case In re Gault, the Supreme Court determined that juvenile defendants were entitled to certain due process guarantees, such as the right to be notified of charges, the right to counsel, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and the right ______.

a. against self-incrimination

b. to guaranteed bail after arraignment

c. to formally protest excessive fines

d. to free speech during court hearings

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. In the juvenile justice system, a trial is called a/an ______.

a. commitment

b. adjudication hearing

c. delinquent act

d. detention

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Juveniles are usually confined to facilities called ______ on a short-term basis while awaiting trial.

a. prisons

b. jails

c. detention centers

d. work camps

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Certain state statutes exclude certain juvenile offenders from juvenile court jurisdiction, such as when a juvenile has been tried and convicted as an adult on a previous occasion. These provisions are called ______.

a. statutory exclusions

b. concurrent jurisdictions

c. detention hearings

d. waiver provisions

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. A ______ is the authority to waive juvenile court jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court.

a. disposition hearing

b. temporal ordering

c. judicial waiver

d. jurisdiction

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. ______ is attained by explaining a phenomenon, such as criminal activity, in the simplest way possible.

a. Temporality

b. Parsimony

c. Criminology

d. Exclusivity

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Five Characteristics of Good Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. What is the trait that indicates how much of a given phenomenon a theory attempts to explain?

a. testability

b. correlation

c. causation

d. scope

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Five Characteristics of Good Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. ______ is the extent to which a theory can be empirically and scientifically evaluated for accuracy.

a. Testability

b. Correlation

c. Causation

d. Scope

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Five Characteristics of Good Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. ______ is the extent to which a theoretical model is supported by scientific research.

a. Parsimony

b. Scope

c. Testability

d. Empirical validity

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Five Characteristics of Good Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. The extent to which concepts and propositions of a theory make sense in terms of face value, consistency, and existing knowledge is called ______.

a. logical consistency

b. parsimony

c. causality

d. testability

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Five Characteristics of Good Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Some acts are moving from being deemed deviant to being declared illegal, such as using a cell phone while driving or smoking cigarettes in public.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. There is one definition of what crime is, and it is the same in all countries.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. While most mala in se activities are also considered highly deviant, this is not necessarily the case for mala prohibita acts.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Criminology is the scientific study of crime.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Joanne Belknap states she prefers to use the terms crime processing, criminal processing, and criminal legal system, instead of the term criminal justice, given that “the processing of victims and offenders [is] anything but ‘just.’”

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Criminologists, such as Richard Quinney, William Chambliss, and Austin Turk, maintain that criminological theory has not placed enough emphasis on explaining criminal behavior.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The main goals of the criminal justice system are to control crime, to prevent crime, and to provide and maintain justice.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Criminal Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Unlike the court system, law enforcement doesn’t include various organizational levels at the federal, state, and local levels.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. An offender can be placed on probation, incarcerated, or transferred to some type of community-based corrections facility.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. An offender may have to comply with both general and specific conditions of probation.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The Postal Service and the Forest Service have no police power.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. According to the text, journalists play a key role in examining crime by exploring what is happening in criminal justice and revealing injustices as well as new forms of crime.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The question “Why are some behaviors defined as criminal while others are not?” is considered part of the conflict perspective.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The United States has one judicial system.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The U.S. Supreme Court has unlimited jurisdiction.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Studies show that victim impact statements in death penalty cases have virtually no impact on sentencing when the case involves a victim of low socio-economic status.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Victim Impact Statements

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In the field of criminology, it is fairly easy to establish causality.

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Three Requirements for Determining Causality

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Deviant acts are always considered atypical, and are universally illegal.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The term criminology was first coined by the Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo in 1885.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The consensus perspective of crime is currently the prevailing explanation of criminal behavior that is accepted by most social scientists.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The FBI and the DEA are both examples of federal law enforcement agencies.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Agencies at the state level are divided into counties and municipalities.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Judges can sentence offenders to a combination of probation and incarceration.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Shock incarceration is a term that is interchangeable with life sentence.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Prisons are designated for offenders serving shorter terms, such as for those awaiting trial.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Give an example of a mala in se act and a mala prohibita act.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Besides the study of crime, what else does the field of encompass?

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What are the two models of state police departments?

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Law Enforcement

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What is a judicial waiver in the context of the juvenile justice system?

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Give an example of a deviant act that is not illegal.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Give one example of a general condition that could be imposed upon an individual on probation.

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Corrections

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Why is the U.S. judicial system referred to as a dual court system?

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Courts

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Explain how some mala prohibita acts are not necessarily viewed as highly deviant.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Studies show that victim impact statements have little impact on how judges sentence offenders. Why is this so?

Learning Objective: 1.4: Identify key concepts and issues associated with victimology.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Victim Impact Statements

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. According to several criminologists, we should shift focus from explaining criminal behavior to explaining criminal law. Do you believe this to be true? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 1.3: Identify and characterize a good theory.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Why is defining crime a difficult task? Give your definition of crime, and give two examples to illustrate your definition.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Explain the difference between consensus and conflict perspectives and how they relate to the formation of laws. How would each of these perspectives view the formation of a new law, such as a “no texting while driving” law?

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: 1.2: Summarize the general structure and organization of the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Using the terms mala in se and mala prohibita, explain why marijuana is now legalized in many jurisdictions, while other “hard drugs” like heroin and cocaine are not.

Learning Objective: 1.1: Identify key concepts in understanding criminology.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is a Crime?

Difficulty Level: Medium