Chapter 10: Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Gottfredson’s theory ______.

A. provides a comprehensive explanation of career choice across the life span

B. addresses problems in adjusting to one’s work situation

C. highlights the role of interests in career choice

D. explains why children’s vocational expectations vary by class, gender, and race

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Gottfredson is to Super as ______ is to ______.

A. circumscription; compromise

B. social self; psychological self

C. compromise; circumscription

D. psychological self; social self

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. According to the theory of Circumscription and Compromise, by what age do children use sex-role information to guide their career aspirations?

A. 3–5 years

B. 6–8 years

C. 9–13 years

D. 14 and older

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Circumscription

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The process in which we eliminate unacceptable occupations as children is known as ______.

A. compromise

B. circumscription

C. narrowing

D. validation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Circumscription

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The three elements that are thought to cause career compromise are sex type, field of interest, and ______.

A. economic reward

B. prestige

C. introversion/extroversion

D. need for helping

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compromise

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. In highlighting the process of Compromise, Gottfredson’s first factor “truncated search, limited knowledge,” describes how people ______ their required effort.

A. maximize

B. minimize

C. foreclose

D. displace

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compromise

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which theory places the greatest emphasis on childhood, as compared to the others, and does not branch into adult development?

A. Holland’s

B. Theory of Work Adjustment

C. Bandura’s

D. Gottfredson’s

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Childhood

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following is NOT a goal of Gottfredson’s theory?

A. question messages from authority figures

B. reexamine childhood choices without undermining them

C. encourage realism without limiting clients’ dreams

D. present complex information without overwhelming clients

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Goals of Counseling

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Which of the four stages of circumscription focuses on the development of the psychological self?

A. Stage I

B. Stage II

C. Stage III

D. Stage IV

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Circumscription

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. The way we strive to find our place in the world is known as ______.

A. niche seeking

B. birthright

C. self-concept

D. person-in-context

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Creation

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Melanie, a 15-year-old high school student, has refused to explore career options beyond those of her most-preferred option: professional singer. She also searches exclusively on the Internet, because this is where she finds all of her information. She tells you, her counselor, that she found a website of an agent who guarantees applicants an audition with Lady Gaga if they just send in an application fee. Melanie’s reliance on a truncated search and limited knowledge base is characteristic of which process?

A. compromise

B. circumscription

C. zone of acceptable alternatives

D. self-creation

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Compromise

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Which of the following is least likely to be compromised?

A. sex type

B. prestige level

C. field of interest

D. projected income

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Compromise

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. List and describe each of the four stages in Gottfredson’s theory. Provide one appropriate career intervention for each stage.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Goals of Counseling | Interventions

Difficulty Level: Hard