Test Bank From Cells to Organ Systems Chapter 4

Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e, (Johnson)

Chapter 4 From Cells to Organ Systems

4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a common function are referred to as a(n)

A) organ system.

B) tissue.

C) organ.

D) community.

E) organism.

Topic: Sec. 4.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.1

GLO: G1

2) The tissue lining the mouth, organs of the digestive system, and inner surfaces of the lungs is classified as

A) connective.

B) epithelial.

C) nervous.

D) muscle.

E) connective and nervous.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

3) Which one of the following types of junctions in an epithelium allows the tissue to stretch and bend, as in the epithelium of the skin?

A) tight junction

B) adhesion junction

C) glandular junction

D) stratified junction

E) gap junction

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

4) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding endocrine glands?

A) As the body matures, endocrine glands develop from specialized exocrine glands.

B) Endocrine glands empty their products into a duct.

C) Examples of endocrine glands include sweat glands and salivary glands.

D) Endocrine glands are connective tissues that are specialized to produce and secrete a product.

E) Endocrine glands produce and secrete hormones.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

5) Which one of the following is characteristic of an exocrine gland but NOT of an endocrine gland?

A) produces hormones

B) can generate and transmit nerve impulses

C) releases its products into a duct

D) releases gland products into the blood

E) is composed entirely of connective tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

6) Which one of the following is found directly beneath the cells of an epithelial tissue?

A) fibrous connective tissue

B) basement membrane

C) collagen and elastic fibers

D) bi or multipolar extensions

E) muscle tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

7) What kind of cells make up the basement membrane?

A) cuboidal epithelial cells

B) squamous epithelial cells

C) columnar epithelial cells

D) connective tissue cells

E) no cells, the basement membrane is an acellular structure, composed of protein

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

8) A student in a histology class was asked to describe the structure of a stratified squamous epithelium. Which one of the following is the best description?

A) tissue composed of protein fibers in a ground substance and a few cells

B) tissue composed of one layer of flat cells located on a basement membrane

C) tissue composed of contracting protein fibers enclosed by plasma membranes

D) tissue composed of several layers of tall cells resting on a basement membrane

E) tissue composed of several layers of flat cells resting on a basement membrane

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.2

GLO: G2

9) In regions of the human body that must precisely control what enters or exits tissues, which one of the following is(are) present to ensure adjacent cells are packed close together?

A) basement membrane

B) adhesion junctions

C) collagen

D) tight junctions

E) gap junctions

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

10) Goblet cells are critical to the movement of food in the body because they

A) secrete mucus in the digestive tract.

B) produce basement membrane for epithelial tissues.

C) synthesize cholesterol.

D) form gap junctions.

E) produce sodium-potassium pumps.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

11) A student is describing the tissue that makes up the walls of the alveoli in the lungs. It appears that these walls are composed of flattened cells arranged in a single layer to facilitate gas exchange. Which one of the following terms best describes this tissue?

A) simple cuboidal

B) stratified squamous

C) simple squamous

D) simple columnar

E) stratified cuboidal

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.2

GLO: G2

12) All of the following are types of connective tissue EXCEPT which one?

A) bone

B) cartilage

C) blood

D) muscle

E) adipose

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

13) A connective tissue differs from an epithelial tissue in that connective tissue

A) is composed of cells supported by a basement membrane.

B) can produce and secrete products into the bloodstream.

C) is composed of cells that can be described as squamous or cuboidal.

D) is composed primarily of a nonliving extracellular material, which is located between the cells.

E) is composed of cells interconnected by gap junctions or adhesion junctions.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

14) Which one of the following functions is associated with one type of connective tissue?

A) contraction

B) a membrane potential

C) absorption of digestive products

D) transport

E) secretion

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

15) In which one of the following locations would one expect to find cartilage?

A) between the skin and the underlying muscle

B) between the vertebrae

C) in a tendon

D) in the wall of a blood vessel

E) in adipose tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

16) Which one of the following wraps around, supports, and holds organs in proper position within the body?

A) loose areolar tissue

B) tendons

C) ligaments

D) cytoskeleton

E) reticular tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

17) Which type of tissue is characteristic of ligaments and tendons?

A) loose connective tissue

B) dense connective tissue

C) elastic connective tissue

D) reticular connective tissue

E) muscle tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

18) Which one of the following types of tissues surrounds hollow organs that change shape or size regularly?

A) loose connective tissue

B) dense connective tissue

C) elastic connective tissue

D) reticular connective tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

19) All of the following are functions of cartilage EXCEPT which one?

A) mineral (calcium, phosphorus) storage

B) maintaining shape of body parts, such as nose and ears

C) protection and cushioning of joints

D) reduction of friction at joints

E) prebone models in the fetus that develop into bones

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

20) What general type of tissue is characterized by few cells, separated by a nonliving extracellular matrix?

A) epithelial tissue

B) connective tissue

C) muscle tissue

D) nervous tissue

E) organ tissue

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

21) The type of muscle responsible for involuntary contractions of the stomach is ________ muscle.

A) smooth

B) cardiac

C) intercalated

D) striated

E) skeletal

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

22) Vasoconstriction is a term that refers to the contraction of muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, thus causing the diameter of the blood vessel to decrease. Which one of the following types of muscle would be involved in this contraction?

A) skeletal

B) smooth

C) cardiac

D) both cardiac and smooth

E) both skeletal and smooth

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

23) Which type of tissue is able to contract?

A) epithelial

B) loose connective

C) dense connective

D) muscle

E) nervous

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

24) Which one of the following tissues can respond to the environment by generating electrical signals?

A) dermis

B) nervous

C) muscle

D) epithelial

E) connective

Topic: Sec. 4.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.5

GLO: G1

25) Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding glial cells?

A) They are located in the matrix of cartilage.

B) They transmit nerve impulses from the brain to the internal organs.

C) They stimulate the contraction of cardiac muscle.

D) They support and protect neurons.

E) They produce blood plasma.

Topic: Sec. 4.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.5

GLO: G1

26) Which one of the following are structures in the body that are composed of two or more different tissue types joined together to perform a specific function?

A) tissues

B) organs

C) organ systems

D) junctions

E) body cavities

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

27) The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the

A) stomach.

B) diaphragm.

C) liver.

D) heart.

E) lungs.

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

28) Which one of the following is a tissue membrane positioned in thin cavities between bones in movable joints?

A) synovial membrane

B) basement membrane

C) cutaneous membrane

D) mucous membrane

E) serous membrane

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

29) Which one of the following membranes lines the airways and digestive tract?

A) serous

B) cutaneous

C) membranous

D) synovial

E) mucous

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

30) The wrist is located ________ to the elbow.

A) superior

B) distal

C) proximal

D) anterior

E) inferior

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.6

GLO: G2

31) Which one of the following is found in the dermis?

A) cardiac muscle

B) keratinocytes

C) sweat gland

D) melanocytes

E) skeletal muscle

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

32) Skin functions to

A) absorb sunlight to facilitate the synthesis of vitamin A.

B) initiate muscle contractions.

C) provide protection from dehydration.

D) synthesize components for bone tissue.

E) produce vitamin C.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

33) Which one of the following is TRUE regarding skin?

A) Beneath the dermis is the basement membrane, which separates the dermis from the hypodermis.

B) Keratin is a protein in the cells of the epidermis that provides strength and waterproofing.

C) Melanocytes and keratinocytes are two skin cell types that are prevalent in the dermis.

D) The sebaceous glands and the sweat glands are two types of endocrine glands located in the dermis.

E) Melanocytes produce calcium, which strengthens the skin.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

34) A fluid-filled blister develops when excessive rubbing of the skin causes the ________ and ________ to separate from each other.

A) tight junctions; gap junctions

B) epidermis; dermis

C) dermis; hypodermis

D) melanocytes; keratinocytes

E) epidermis; hypodermis

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.7

GLO: G2

35) In a negative feedback system, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A) A sensor detects a stimulus, which in turn amplifies the original disturbance.

B) Deviations from a desired condition are automatically detected and counteracted.

C) Homeostasis cannot be re-established until the effector is turned off.

D) The effector activates the sensor.

E) A sensor is not needed because the body anticipates the coming change.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.8

GLO: G1

36) Calcium levels in the body are maintained by hormones. If the blood calcium level rises above a set point, calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and sets into motion responses to lower the blood calcium back to the set point. If the blood calcium level falls below a set point, the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone that sets into motion responses to raise the blood calcium. These homeostatic responses are examples of

A) positive feedback.

B) effectors.

C) sensors.

D) negative feedback.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.7

GLO: G2

37) Positive feedback control occurs

A) during maintenance of proper body temperature.

B) when insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels.

C) during the process of childbirth (labor).

D) to counter the effects of negative feedback.

E) in other animals but not in humans.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.8

GLO: G1

38) Each of these organ systems is involved in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature EXCEPT which one?

A) nervous system

B) integumentary system

C) circulatory system

D) muscular system

E) skeletal system

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.7

GLO: G7

4.2 True/False Questions

1) Although the cells of a multicellular organism are specialized for certain functions, those cells must also be integrated and organized in order to work together to benefit the organism.

Topic: Sec. 4.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.1

GLO: G1

2) Control systems most likely involved in maintaining homeostasis are termed positive feedback.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.8

GLO: G1

3) A stratified epithelium is often composed of multiple layers of cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells, and usually located in body regions to provide protection.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

4) Desmosomes allow materials to pass directly from one cell to another.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

5) A connective tissue made up primarily of fat and elastic tissue would confer strength to the structure in which it is located.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

6) Cartilage functions well as a cushioning structure because it is composed primarily of collagen fibers in a ground substance with a lot of water.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

7) A torn tendon sidelines athletes for long periods of time because the tissues possess less vascular tissue than bone.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

8) Weight loss typically leads to a reduction in both the number and size of adipocytes.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

9) Since skin is made up of several types of tissues and has a number of different functions, it is best classified as an organ.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

10) Tanning increases the number and density of melanocytes in the epidermis.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

11) Sweat is released by exocrine glands on the skin surface as a means to lower body temperature.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

4.3 Matching Questions

Match each of the following items with its description.

A) smooth

B) both cardiac and smooth

C) cardiac

D) skeletal

E) all forms of muscle

1) gap junctions between adjacent cells

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

2) composed of tightly packed cells called muscle fibers

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

3) connects to tendons

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

4) ability to contract

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

5) located in walls of hollow organs and tubes

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

6) involuntary

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

7) can rhythmically contract without simulation from nerves

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

Answers: 1) B 2) E 3) D 4) E 5) A 6) B 7) C

Match each of the following diagrams in the figure below to the type of tissue it represents.

8) designed for secretion and absorption

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

9) connective

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

10) muscle

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

11) nervous

Topic: Sec. 4.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.5

GLO: G1

Match each of the following descriptions to the appropriate term.

A) inferior

B) anterior

C) distal

D) posterior

E) proximal

F) sagittal

12) a plane that divides the body into left and right sections

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

13) at or near the front

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

14) near to a point of reference

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

15) located below another structure

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

16) farther away from a point of reference

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

17) at or near the back

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

Answers: 12) F 13) B 14) E 15) A 16) C17) D

Using the figure above, identify the type of cell junction used in each of the following.

18) These junctions join cardiac cells, allowing transfer of ions and water between cells.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.2

GLO: G2

19) These junctions are found between cells lining the digestive tract and prevent the passage of any substances between adjoining cells.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.2

GLO: G2

20) These junctions allow for movement and flexibility, such as is needed for tissues like the epithelium of the skin that must stretch and bend.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.2

GLO: G2

Match each organ system with its description.

A) circulatory

B) urinary

C) digestive

D) nervous

E) integumentary

F) reproductive

G) respiratory

H) skeletal

I) endocrine

21) functions to remove metabolic waste products; maintains body water composition

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

22) responds to stimuli by producing and releasing hormones

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

23) responds to stimuli by producing electrical and chemical signals

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

24) mechanically and chemically breaks down food into smaller units

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

25) protects the body from injury and dehydration; receives sensory information from the environment

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

26) promotes gas exchange between the body and the environment

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

27) moves gases, nutrients, and metabolic wastes through body

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

28) protects and supports softer body parts; produces blood cells

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

29) produces sex cells

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

Answers: 21) B 22) I 23) D 24) C 25) E 26) G 27) A 28) H 29) F

4.4 Short Answer Questions

1) The type of tissue that makes up the sweat glands, salivary glands, and endocrine glands is ________.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

2) Specialized epithelial tissues that produce and secrete their products into a hollow organ or duct are known as ________ glands.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

3) Simple ________ epithelial cells are most commonly associated with absorption in digestive organs especially the small intestine.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

4) An epithelium consisting of multiple layers of flat cells is classified as a(n) ________ squamous epithelium.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

5) Glands that secrete their product into a duct are classified as ________ glands.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

6) Epithelial tissues are classified according to the cell ________ as well as the number of cell layers making up the tissue.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

7) A(n) ________ epithelium allows gas exchange in the lungs.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

8) Spot desmosomes are actually ________ junctions, which allow for slight flexibility in an epithelium.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

9) The basement membrane is a supporting noncellular layer that lies in between an epithelial and a(n)________ tissue layer.

Topic: Sec. 4.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.2

GLO: G1

10) Connective tissue is unique because the cells secrete an extracellular ________ that can be semiliquid or hardened.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

11) ________ is an abundant protein found in dense connective tissue (tendons and ligaments) and in cartilage.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

12) Connective tissue cells that produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers are called ________.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

13) Cells in cartilage that produce ground substance are called ________.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

14) Blood, cartilage, and bone are types of ________ tissue.

Topic: Sec. 4.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

15) The function of smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle is ________ in response to stimulus.

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.3

GLO: G1

16) Skeletal muscle attaches to ________, which connect the muscle to bone.

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

17) A(n) ________ muscle has one nucleus per individual cell and is blunt ended with gap junctions between adjoining cells.

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

18) Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells: ________ that conduct impulses and ________ that surround and protect these cells.

Topic: Sec. 4.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.5

GLO: G1

19) A group of two or more tissues that function as a unit is a(n) ________.

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

20) The toes are located ________ to the knee.

Topic: Sec. 4.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.6

GLO: G1

21) Skeletal muscle is considered ________ muscle because conscious control can be exercised over its movement.

Topic: Sec. 4.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.4

GLO: G1

22) The skin provides a waterproof barrier surrounding the body because of the presence of ________, a protein in the epidermal cells.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

23) The presence of a suntan is due to increased activity of ________ in response to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

24) A gland located in the dermis of the skin that helps to regulate body temperature is the ________ gland, which is a type of ________ gland.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.7

GLO: G1

25) The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is ________.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.8

GLO: G1

26) Body temperature is controlled by a negative feedback control system. The hypothalamus is the ________ for this system.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 4.8

GLO: G1

4.5 Essay Questions

1) If you were in a bike accident that resulted in bleeding, explain why the injury must be deeper than the epidermis.

Topic: Sec. 4.7

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.7

GLO: G8

2) Blood pressure is carefully regulated by a negative feedback control system in the body. When the blood pressure falls below a set point, this decreased pressure is detected by baroreceptors (pressure receptors) in the aorta and carotid arteries. These receptors send signals to a region of the brain known as the medulla oblongata. This region of the brain integrates incoming signals and sends signals to the heart to increase the strength of contractions and to the blood vessels, to constrict arterioles so as to increase the blood pressure, returning it to normal. Based on this information, identify each of the parts of this control system:

a) controlled variable

b) sensor

c) control center

d) effector(s)

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.8

GLO: G8

3) During long, sustained aerobic exercise, a lot of heat is generated that elevates body temperature. Describe how a homeostatic control system would likely work to cool body temperature back to normal. Specify each component of the control system.

Topic: Sec. 4.8

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 4.8

GLO: G8