Test Bank Evaluating Nutrition Information Test Bank Ch.2

Chapter 02 Test Bank: Evaluating Nutrition Information

Treatment Practitioners

1. After examining a patient, a health care practitioner tells the patient that her mild back pain is caused by poor flow of energy from her mind to her back. The practitioner treats the patient with acupuncture, ginseng, and massage therapy. Based on this information, the practitioner's treatments indicate that he relies on ________.A. integrative medicineB. alternative health careC. placebo-based health careD. conventional medicineAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative.Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineTreatment Options

2. After examining a patient and reviewing the results of his blood tests, a physician tells the patient that his mild depressive symptoms are not the result of a serious health problem. The physician suggests that the patient should try regular exercise and take the dietary supplement St. John's wort for 3 months. After this period, the physician will prescribe antidepressant medication, if the patient does not feel emotionally better. This advice is ________.A. unreliable because the physician is not considering alternative methods of treating the patient's mental illnessB. an indication that the physician practices integrative medicineC. typical for a conventional medical practitionerD. quackery and medically irresponsibleAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative.Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineReliable Nutrition Information

3. Which of the following statements is true?A. Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care.B. The RDN credential can be used by anyone who earns a college nutrition degree.C. A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing quackery.D. Disclaimers are clues that a product will meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineTopic: Evaluating nutrition informationIdentifying Reliable Health Information

4. Which of the following statements is true?A. Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care.B. Disclaimers are clues that a product will meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.C. A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing conventional medicine.D. The RDN credential is legally protected.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineTopic: Evaluating nutrition informationEvaluating Nutrition-Related Information

5. Which of the following statements is true?A. Disclaimers are clues that a product may not meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.B. Anyone who earns a nutrition degree from a 4-year college can refer to himself or herself as an RDN.C. Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care.D. A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing conventional medicine.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineTopic: Evaluating nutrition informationRegistered Dietitian Nutritionists

6. A registered dietitian nutritionist has been trained to apply food and nutrition information to help treat many health conditions.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Section: 2.03Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationTopic: Nutrition basicsAlternative Health Care

7. Scientific evidence provides considerable support for the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative.Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineQuackery

8. A person who promotes the use of ginseng, garlic, and fish oil as the cure for cancer is practicing quackery.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationIdentifying Dietary Supplements

9. _____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.A. Chewing tobaccoB. Cherry jellyC. Ginkgo bilobaD. Orange drinkAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsWhat Is a Dietary Supplement?

10. _____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.A. Wheat germB. Chewing tobaccoC. Red wineD. Bitter orangeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsFeatures of Dietary Supplements

11. A scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. She cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it ________.A. has to receive a U.S. patent before the FDA will approve its useB. must first undergo scientific testing to determine its effectivenessC. does not contain dietary ingredientsD. contains more than one kind of natural materialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsUnderstanding Dietary Supplements

12. Which of the following statements is true?A. Physicians and registered dietitian nutritionists do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients.B. Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.C. According to the legal definition developed by the FDA, a "dietary supplement" is a food that influences metabolism.D. People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsDietary Supplements

13. Which of the following statements is true?A. According to the legal definition developed by the FDA, a "dietary supplement" is a natural substance that benefits health.B. Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.C. Physicians and registered dietitian nutritionists do not recommend dietary supplements for their patients.D. People who develop side effects after taking dietary supplements can report their experiences to the GAO.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsIntegrative Health Care

14. Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?A. A surgeon who removes a cancerous tumor from a patient's stomach.B. A physician who applies evening primrose oil to the skin of a person to treat a rash.C. A physician who has a patient take prescription medications to reduce chronic heartburn.D. A physician who treats a patient's back pain with cortisone injections and massage therapy.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative.Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineIntegrative Treatments

15. Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?A. Taking an aspirin and resting quietly to relieve a headacheB. Having surgery and physical therapy to treat a torn tendonC. Applying a prescription antibiotic to a wound and wrapping the affected area with sterile gauze to prevent infectionD. Having psychological counseling and taking St. John's wort to improve moodAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative.Section: 2.04Topic: Complementary and alternative medicineRoles of Federal Agencies

16. Which of the following statements is true?A. The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplements.B. Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products.C. The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful.D. Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsDietary Supplement Use

17. Which of the following statements is true?A. Consumers can report negative health reports that may have resulted from their use of dietary supplements to the FDA.B. Dietary supplements can include substances that are spread on the skin or injected into the body.C. Dietary supplements can be recalled if the products contain kava, lysine, or glucosamine.D. Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed in the United States.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsDefining Dietary Supplement

18. A dietary supplement is a natural product that can be taken by mouth, injected into the bloodstream, or rubbed on skin.

Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Section: 2.04Topic: Dietary supplementsResearch Findings

19. Which of the following statements is true?A. It is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings.B. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.C. The results of one study are usually enough to convince nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.D. Since 1970, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.05 Discuss why similar scientific studies often have different results.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodUnderstanding Research Outcomes

20. Which of the following statements is true?A. A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.B. The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics.C. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers.D. Since 1995, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.05 Discuss why similar scientific studies often have different results.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodInterpreting Results of Studies

21. Which of the following statements is true?A. When interpreting results of their studies, researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses.B. Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one team of nutrition researchers.C. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.D. Since 1970, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.05 Discuss why similar scientific studies often have different results.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodTypes of Studies

22. A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a(n) _____ study.A. hypotheticalB. retrospectiveC. case-controlD. prospectiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodScientific Methodology

23. A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ________.A. gather dataB. identify relationships between variablesC. analyze the hypothesisD. make observationsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodAnalyzing Study Designs

24. A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?A. The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain.B. The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects.C. The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.D. The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodUnderstanding the Scientific Method

25. A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?A. Making observations and formulating a hypothesisB. Collecting data and analyzing resultsC. Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web siteD. Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodDesigning Scientific Studies

26. According to the observations of a nutrition scientist, laboratory mice are healthier when their diet contains physiological levels of vitamin D than when their diet lacks the micronutrient. The scientist hypothesizes that mice will be less likely to develop cancer when they consume a diet that supplies megadoses of vitamin D. Based on this information, the scientist is ready to ________.A. conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in miceB. set up an experimental epidemiological study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in miceC. design a double-blind study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in miceD. plan a retrospective study involving at least 5,000 laboratory mice to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in miceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodSteps of the Scientific Method

27. Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study. One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?A. Posting significant findings at the main researcher's Internet websiteB. Establishing a place for the subjects to live for the duration of the studyC. Contacting the local news station to report their findingsD. Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodUnderstanding Observational Studies

28. Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study.A. prospectiveB. introspectiveC. retrospectiveD. nutritiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodAnalyzing Research Findings

29. A scientist adds 5 mcg of the mineral cadmium to the daily diet of 100 4-week-old laboratory mice. After twelve weeks, the researcher weighs and takes blood samples from each mouse. According to her findings, the mice lost weight during the 12-week period and they have abnormal levels of certain hormones in their blood. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell the researcher about her findings?A. Her results are very interesting and she should report her findings to nutrition scientists, so they can repeat her study and confirm the results.B. The findings need to be summarized in a research article for submission to a peer-reviewed nutrition journal.C. She needs to conduct more tests on the animals' blood, because her findings are incomplete.D. The findings are not meaningful or valid because of the way she designed her study.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodAnalyzing Results of Research

30. A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After ten weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him?A. He should report his findings to other nutrition scientists, so they can repeat his study and confirm the results.B. He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.C. He should prepare a research article that describes his study and its results for submission to a peer-reviewednutrition journal.D. He should call a press conference and report his findings to the public, so they can avoid consuming excess iron.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodHuman Research Studies

31. Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with excessive weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study.A. prospectiveB. retrospectiveC. case-controlD. in-vitroAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodClassifying Human Studies

32. A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.A. retrospectiveB. prospectiveC. case-controlD. macrosomaticAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodSelecting a Research Design

33. Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when designing a scientific investigation to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets high in sodium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood?A. Experimental studyB. Observational epidemiological studyC. Single-blind studyD. Double-blind studyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodRecognizing Types of Studies

34. A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether healthy women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to children who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age. The scientist plans to compare the IQ test results of this group of children with the test results of a group of 5-year-old children with similar backgrounds whose mothers were healthy but did not take fish oil supplements when pregnant. This kind of research is a _____ study.A. double-blindB. in-vitroC. interventionD. retrospectiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodChoosing a Research Design

35. Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?A. Single-blind studyB. Double-blind studyC. Retrospective studyD. Experimental studyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodLifestyles and Disease

36. Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different human population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.A. technologicalB. epidemiologicalC. in-vitroD. pathologicalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodHuman Scientific Investigations

37. Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?A. Single-blindB. Double-blindC. ConventionalD. CohortAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodPopulation Research

38. Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ____ study.A. conventionalB. uncontrollableC. introspectiveD. epidemiologicalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodStudies of Populations

39. Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?A. InterventionalB. EpidemiologicalC. Double-blindD. Human in-vivo experimentalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodLifestyles Associated With Diseases

40. A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.A. in-vivoB. epidemiologicalC. conventionalD. double-blindAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodEpidemiological Studies

41. Generally, epidemiological studies ________.A. involve in-vitro experimentationB. establish causation without observationsC. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationshipsD. prove positive correlationsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodSelf Reports of Health Benefits

42. Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(an) ________.A. factoidB. anecdoteC. case reportD. variableAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain why nutrition information derived from anecdotes is not evidence based.Section: 2.01Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationSelf-reported Findings

43. Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ________.A. in-vivo reportB. in-vitro assumptionC. anecdoteD. introspectionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain why nutrition information derived from anecdotes is not evidence based.Section: 2.01Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationPersonal Reports

44. Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily. Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day, because she has heard the practice strengthens fingernails. The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(n) ________.A. placeboB. anecdoteC. testimonialD. hypothesisAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain why nutrition information derived from anecdotes is not evidence based.Section: 2.01Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationSources of Nutrition Advice

45. Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an) ________.A. subjective biasB. introspectionC. peer reviewD. anecdoteAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain why nutrition information derived from anecdotes is not evidence based.Section: 2.01Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationPurpose of Control Groups

46. Having a control group enables researchers to ________.A. avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responsesB. explore possible hypotheses for future research effortsC. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental groupD. provide specific treatments to participants of the groupAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodControl Group Participation

47. Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ________.A. an anecdotal reportB. participant fatigueC. human subject biasD. the placebo effectAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodRed Flags

48. The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________.A. "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives"B. "According to the FDA, this product is classified a dietary supplement, because it contains vitamins"C. "All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"D. "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label"Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationAnalyzing Nutrition-Related Claims

49. A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?A. Not all doctors are nutrition experts.B. Niacin cures pellagra.C. The "placebo effect" often occurs in controlled studies involving human subjects.D. Kava cures migraine headaches.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationInverse Correlations

50. Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?A. When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average.B. As children increase their physical activity level, they develop greater muscle mass than children who are less active.C. When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk of bone fractures decreases.D. When children eat three or more servings fruits and vegetables a day, their blood levels of vitamin C increase.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodPositive Correlations

51. Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?A. When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.B. When a population's intake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decreases.C. When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases.D. When a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodIdentifying Inverse Correlations

52. Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?A. Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.B. When population increases its daily consumption of whole grain products, the population's frequency of daily bowel movements increases.C. Children who consume 3 cups of vitamin D milk daily develop stronger bones than children who drink fewer than 3 cups of vitamin D milk each day.D. As a population's intake of foods that contain beta-carotene increases, the population's tissue levels of vitamin A increase.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodRecognizing Positive Correlations

53. Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?A. When a group of 6-year-old children increase their physical activity level to 60 minutes a day, the children's muscle mass increases.B. When teenage girls increase their intake of iron-rich foods, the percentage of the girls who have iron-deficiency decreases.C. When older adults increase their daily intake of vitamin D, the percentage of the adults that develops infections decreases.D. When a population consumes more fruits and vegetables, the percentage of people in that population with scurvy decreases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodUnderstanding Positive Correlations

54. Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?A. When older adults increase their daily intake of vitamin D, the percentage of the adults that develops infections decreases.B. When teenagers decrease their usual intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, their body fat level declines.C. When a population consumes fewer fruits and vegetables, the percentage of people in that population with scurvy increases.D. When teenage girls decrease their intake of iron-rich foods, the percentage of the girls who have iron-deficiency increases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationActivity Type: NewBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodIdentifying Positive Correlations

55. Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?A. When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.B. When a population's intake of plant foods decreases, the percentage of obese people in that population increases.C. When a population's level of physical activity increases, the percentage of people who develop heart disease decreases.D. When a population's intake of vitamin A decreases, the percentage of people in the population who develop blindness increases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodClassifying Scientific Investigations

56. Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.A. anecdotalB. inverse relationshipC. case-controlD. prospectiveAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodKinds of Studies

57. A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?A. In-vivoB. ExperimentalC. Case-controlD. CohortAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 4. AnalyzeLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodNegative Correlations

58. Which of the following observations is an example of a negative (an inverse) correlation?A. When a group of adults increases their intake of fruits and vegetables, the percentage of people in the group who have high blood levels of vitamin C levels increases.B. When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases.C. When a group of children eat more sugary foods, the percentage of children in the group who develop two or more decayed teeth increases.D. When a group of people decreases their physical activity levels, the percentage of people in the group with healthy levels of body fat decreases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodScientific Research Designs

59. Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups of 50 people. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record the their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ____ study.A. hypotheticalB. uncontrolledC. introspectiveD. double-blindAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodDesigning Studies of Children

60. A group of researchers wants to determine whether certain dietary factors are associated with the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The scientists follow a group of 500 healthy newborn babies for 10 years and collect health information as well as dietary practices for each child. At the end of the study period, the scientists analyze the data for correlations between the children's dietary practices and their likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD. This is an example of a _____ study.A. prospectiveB. retrospectiveC. hypotheticalD. factorialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodHuman Experimentation

61. Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin areA. supplements.B. placebos.C. probiotics.D. antidotes.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodExperiments Involving Adults

62. Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults. The pills that do not contain vitamin D areA. placebos.B. interventions.C. antidotes.D. distractors.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodPills for Human Research

63. Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of zinc supplements on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain zinc to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain zinc or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain zinc areA. antidotes.B. supplements.C. probiotics.D. placebos.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodPeer-Reviewed Journals

64. Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?A. Ladies Home JournalB. National Geographic MagazineC. Journal of the American Medical AssociationD. Men's JournalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method.Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Explain why there is so much nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.01Topic: Scientific methodConsumer Protection Agencies

65. The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ________.A. Agricultural Research Service (ARS)B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)C. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)D. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationNutrition-Related Endorsement

66. Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.A. testimonialB. anecdoteC. factoidD. purportAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.02.01 Explain why there is so much nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationProduct Endorsement

67. The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.A. unbiased reportingB. a testimonialC. peer reviewD. a scientifically valid claimAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.02.01 Explain why there is so much nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationInternet Sources of Nutrition Information

68. Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?A. choosemyplate.govB. eatright.orgC. purdue.eduD. dietsnomore4u.comAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationExpert Credentials

69. A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.A. RDNB. MDC. MSD. DNutrAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Section: 2.03Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationRecognizing Credentials

70. A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.A. DRNB. MDC. PhDD. RDNAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationNutrition Information and the Internet

71. Which of the following statements is false?A. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.B. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information.C. Websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.D. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationFaulty Nutrition Information

72. A magazine article about weight loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of ________.A. hypothesizingB. biasC. mislabelingD. pseudoscienceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationSources of Nutrition Information

73. Which of the following statements is true?A. Pseudoscience is the practice of medicine without proper training and credentials.B. In the United States, a person can obtain a Ph.D. in nutrition only by graduating from an accredited institution of higher learning.C. People who describe themselves as nutritionists are registered dietitians or registered dietitian nutritionists.D. In general, registered dietitians are reliable sources of nutrition information.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationMedical Claims for Devices

74. A person claims his newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it was not helpful, and it may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and his device are ________.A. unbiasedB. quackeryC. intuitiveD. legalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationScope of Nutrition Misinformation

75. Which of the following statements is true?A. In the United States, only registered dietitians and registered dietitian nutritionists can provide nutrition information legally.B. Registered dietitian nutritionists are not required to update their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics regularly.C. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.D. Pseudoscience is the scientific study of the causation and treatment of chronic diseases.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.02.01 Explain why there is so much nutrition misinformation.Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts.Section: 2.02Section: 2.03Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationTypes of Red Flags

76. During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.A. medical hypothesisB. personal observationC. intuitive deductionD. scare tacticAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationStatements of Effectiveness

77. A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.A. testimonialB. disclaimerC. anecdoteD. placeboAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 2. UnderstandLearning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation.Section: 2.02Topic: Evaluating nutrition informationDefining Dietary Supplements

78. A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________.A. cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because its source is widespread in natureB. can be marketed as a dietary supplement, but only if it is promoted as a conventional food itemC. cannot be marketed as a dietary supplementD. can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it is from a plantAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 3. ApplyLearning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information.Section: 2.02Topic: Nutrition basicsAgency for Consumer Safety

79. The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

A. FTCB. EPAC. FDAD. NRCAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloom's Level: 1. RememberLearning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements.Topic: Nutrition basicsChapter 02 Test Bank: Evaluating Nutrition Information Summary

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79

Activity Type: New 13

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 18

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 32

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 14

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze 15

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Explain the basic steps of the scientific method. 15

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Explain the importance of having controls when performing experiments. 5

Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Design a nutrition-related study that involves human subjects. 20

Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Explain why nutrition information derived from anecdotes is not evidence based. 4

Learning Outcome: 02.01.05 Discuss why similar scientific studies often have different results. 3

Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Explain why there is so much nutrition misinformation. 4

Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 Discuss how people can become more critical and careful consumers of nutrition information. 8

Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Identify common red flags that are signs of nutrition misinformation. 9

Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 Explain how to identify reliable nutrition experts. 8

Learning Outcome: 02.04.01 Explain the difference between conventional medicine and alternative health care, and identify health care practices that are either conventional or alternative. 5

Learning Outcome: 02.04.02 Explain how the FDA regulates medicines differently than dietary supplements. 7

Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Discuss the risks and benefits of taking dietary supplements. 5

Section: 2.01 44

Section: 2.02 19

Section: 2.03 8

Section: 2.04 16

Topic: Complementary and alternative medicine 8

Topic: Dietary supplements 8

Topic: Evaluating nutrition information 24

Topic: Nutrition basics 3

Topic: Scientific method 40