Chapter 3: The Research Process

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What is research?

A. a systematic process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data

B. a systematic process of work designed to collect and interpret data

C. a random process of studying data

D. a random process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Deductive reasoning involves using which of the following?

A. developmental theory

B. a theory to inform the development of a hypothesis

C. hypothetical beliefs

D. previously completed studies

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A ______ implies that the prediction about the relationships among variables can be tested.

A. guess

B. theory

C. hypothesis

D. development

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. A researcher may create a hypothesis based on which of the following?

A. inductive reasoning

B. funding

C. deductive reasoning

D. existing research

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following personal traits could be a variable?

A. amount of excitement before a concert

B. level of thirst after a sports event

C. happiness experienced while on vacation

D. height measured at the doctor’s office

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following could you ascertain using inductive reasoning?

A. how much a child likes their parent

B. how tired people are after work

C. how many people ride the subway alone

D. how sunny the sky is on a summer day

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What is the main difference between dependent variables and independent variables?

A. A variable that results in a change in the other variable is known as the independent variable, the variable being explained or caused is the dependent variable.

B. This varies depending on the type of research occurring.

C. A variable that results in a change in the other variable is known as the dependent variable, the variable being explained or caused is the independent variable.

D. The subject is always independent. The aspect of the study that is not the subject is dependent.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Applied research is research conducted to ______.

A. create problem

B. further examine problems

C. address or solve problems

D. identify what problems may occur in the future

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. What is the purpose of basic research?

A. to solve a problem

B. to increase scientific knowledge

C. to prepare for future problems

D. to support existing research

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Quantitative research is research using that data can be ______.

A. estimated

B. understood

C. experienced personally

D. counted

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Deductive reasoning entails which of the following?

A. gathering data to test a specific hypothesis

B. creating data for future studies

C. examining data to address past concerns

D. utilizing data to decide on a hypothesis

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. What does positivism research paradigm assume?

A. varied personal beliefs impact research

B. personal opinions can justify any research

C. objective universal truth

D. being positive when researching can impact research results

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. What does qualitative research focus on?

A. a person’s own perspective

B. a person’s height and weight

C. how many people participated in an experience

D. how a person imagines others felt

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which of the following statements best represents the social constructivism research paradigm?

A. There can be no universal truth, each person’s experience is different.

B. There is a universal truth but not all people are honest in research.

C. There can be no universal truth, but researchers can estimate one.

D. There is a universal truth and researchers are trained to find it.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. One way to gather quantitative research is to use a form that includes ______.

A. a question asking what the subject thinks about a topic

B. a multiple choice questionnaire asking what the subject understands about a topic

C. a question asking how the subject feels about a topic

D. a section for the subject to write anything they want about a topic

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What does it mean when a research study proves a hypothesis to be false?

A. The study results provided unexpected but accurate results.

B. The study is wrong, all hypotheses must be true.

C. The study should be disqualified.

D. The researcher must change the hypothesis before publishing.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. An interview would be an example of gathering ______.

A. quantitative research

B. prehypothesis research

C. qualitative research

D. variable research

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Sarah is measuring how students in her class feel one day. What type of research is she conducting?

A. longitudinal

B. cross-sectional

C. latitudinal

D. cross-reference

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. You would use longitudinal research to measure which of the following factors?

A. whether the person’s behavior changes over 6 months of time

B. how many people feel on a Sunday at 2 p.m.

C. whether people prefer blue or green on Thursdays

D. how many people choose hot dogs over burgers at a picnic

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. What is the best method for measuring how students in your program are feeling about the program over a 2 year period of time?

A. latitudinal study

B. cohort study

C. cross-sectional study

D. quantitative study

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Many schools offer student surveys to determine students’ experiences with a professor. Then, the school examines several years of surveys to determine whether to promote a professor. This method uses which type of study?

A. latitudinal study

B. trend study

C. quantitative study

D. cross-sectional study

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Many long-term studies offer financial compensation each time a participant completes another portion of the study. What might the researchers be trying to prevent by paying participants?

A. bias

B. lying

C. changing answers

D. attrition

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Why might a panel study be useful?

A. to see what a panel discussion most enjoys

B. to measure how a panel of judges would score an experience

C. to measure how the same people grow and change over time

D. to see whether the same people would prefer panels or interviews

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Why might a researcher choose to do a cross-sectional study instead of a longitudinal study?

A. to gather their research as quickly as possible

B. to spend a long time with each participant

C. to gather as much information over months of repeated interviews

D. to spend funds budgeted to prevent attrition

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. There are many types of studies; are some more valid than others?

A. Yes, some studies are more accurate than others.

B. No, each type of study is valid when it fits the goal of the researcher.

C. Yes, some studies do not provide as much information as others.

D. No, each type of study can be made more valid with effort.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Hard

26. Descriptive research is conducted to describe which of the following?

A. phenomenon under investigation

B. phenomenon impacting the researcher’s study

C. phenomenon likely to occur in the future

D. past phenomenon

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Why would a researcher do exploratory research?

A. to double check previous research about the phenomenon

B. to gain new insight about the phenomenon

C. to research a phenomenon that occurred in the past

D. to gain review insight about the phenomenon in order to create new studies

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Explanatory researches the ______.

A. causal variables among relationships

B. direct impact among relationships

C. causal relationships among variables

D. direct impact among variables

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. What is the purpose of evaluation research?

A. to measure what results needs to be evaluated

B. to measure whether existing programs are working

C. to gauge what programs are needed

D. to measure how employees are doing at their job

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. When might evaluation research be useful?

A. when deciding whether to hire a job applicant

B. when deciding whether to give a current employee a raise

C. to prove that two or more variables are associated

D. to study how a researcher’s previous work is valid

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Why might a researcher use nonexperimental research?

A. to study how two subjects are opposite one another

B. to prove that one variable impacts another

C. to prove that two or more variables are associated

D. to study how a researcher’s previous work is valid

Learning Objective: 3.4: Differentiate between the various research designs.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which of the following events could a researcher use for observational research?

A. how a person reacts to the death of a loved one

B. how happy a person becomes when given money

C. how much a person likes being surprised by a friend’s visit

D. how a person reacts to their favorite song

Learning Objective: 3.4: Differentiate between the various research designs.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Experimental Design

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. Peer evaluators are called ______.

A. judges

B. referees

C. determinators

D. magistrates

Learning Objective: 3.5: Differentiate between the various phases of the research process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Research Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Research is a systematic process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Descriptive research describes phenomenon already investigated.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A researcher controls the situation in observational research.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Differentiate between the various research designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Experimental Design

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Problem formulation is the first step in the research process.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Differentiate between the various phases of the research process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Research Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Infographics present data in a visual way.

Learning Objective: 3.5: Differentiate between the various phases of the research process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Research Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Why does learning about research matter?

Learning Objective: 3.1: Recognize the importance of learning about research for professional development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Research?

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Give an example of when to use cross-sectional research and when to use longitudinal research.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Differentiate between the various forms of research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Categories of Research

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. One year after a new mental health-care facility has opened, the board requests an evaluation. What might be included in this document?

Learning Objective: 3.3: Differentiate between the various purposes of research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is the Purpose of Research?

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What type of research design would you use to better understand how 9/11 impacted American children?

Learning Objective: 3.4: Differentiate between the various research designs.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Experimental Design

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What steps of the research process would you include on a poster presentation of research you have completed?

Learning Objective: 3.5: Differentiate between the various phases of the research process.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Research Process

Difficulty Level: Easy