Chapter 2: Research Ethics

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ is a set of guidelines developed by one’s profession that state the standards for conducting research with human participants.

A. Code of ethics

B. Research ethics

C. Research

D. Context ethics

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ refer(s) to interventions that are designed solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client.

A. Research

B. Practice

C. Assistance

D. Theories

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ designates an activity designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.

A. Research

B. Health

C. Interventions

D. Practice

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The Bellmont Report provides a(n) ______ framework that guides the resolution of ethical problems that arise from research involving human participants.

A. local

B. personal

C. federal

D. international

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Where would a social worker find information about clinical ethics?

A. NASW Code of Morals

B. CSWE Code of Conduct

C. NASW Code of Ethics

D. CSWE Code of Obligations

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which two organizations have worked together to establish ethical standards for social workers?

A. NASW and NCAA

B. CSWE and CFB

C. NHL and MLB

D. NASW and CSWE

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What is the purpose of practice?

A. to enhance well-being

B. to mitigate natural disasters

C. to train social workers

D. to inform research

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. What do research ethics establish?

A. guidelines for conducting research

B. recommendations for ethics

C. options for possible research

D. support for unethical people

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. In which circumstance should you review the code of ethics?

A. when choosing what social work program to attend

B. if a client asks your advice before participating in a research study

C. before every client session

D. when considering changing jobs

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following actions would most likely go against the code of ethics?

A. referring a potential client to someone who specializes in their type of problem

B. taking a week off from seeing clients when you are sick

C. going on a date with a client whom you find attractive

D. asking for a raise at work and threatening to go to another company if you do not receive it

Learning Objective: 2.1: Define research ethics.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: What Is Research Ethics?

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. The ethical principle respect for persons asserts that people are ______.

A. human

B. autonomous

C. happy

D. in need of answers

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. What is informed consent?

A. participants having the information to understand potential risks and benefits

B. participants having information about where the study will be published

C. research information being made available to the public

D. clients consenting to future appointments with their clinicians

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Who is responsible for protecting people who cannot make their own decisions to participate in a research study?

A. family members

B. the individual

C. the study’s researchers

D. a medical board

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. How should information about a study be written?

A. in as few words as possible

B. in English

C. in a specific format

D. in a way that all individuals can comprehend

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. What does beneficence entail?

A. giving money to participants

B. not conducting research that would harm participants

C. only doing beneficial research

D. sometimes offering meals during research trials

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. What type of participation would undermine beneficence?

A. giving someone a drug to see what type of allergic reaction it will cause

B. seeing whether a new drug is better than an old drug

C. testing how long it takes before new medication begins to resolve symptoms

D. having a participant fast for 12 hours before taking a reflex test

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates a lack of justice?

A. People of all ages are divided into different categories.

B. Only prisoners get the placebo instead of a working drug.

C. Each group of subjects has someone of each race in it.

D. All participants are randomly assigned to groups.

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. If your study only benefits upper-class participants, which ethical principal does it break?

A. maleficence

B. justice

C. consent

D. respect for persons

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following undermines respect for persons?

A. giving participants money for participating in a study

B. blackmailing someone into participating in a study

C. offering free medical care to study participants

D. providing snacks in the study’s waiting room area

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Why is justice important for researchers to consider?

A. It treats all subjects fairly.

B. It changes funding amounts.

C. Better participants deserve to earn more money for their time.

D. Researchers should be paid the same for all types of studies.

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of the following groups would be most at risk if justice was not an ethical principle?

A. grandchildren of celebrities

B. homeless people

C. company CEOs

D. teachers

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. When can the ethical principles be ignored?

A. when one group significantly benefits from the research

B. if there is major money to be made in the research results

C. never, the principles must always be followed no matter the potential future benefits

D. if no permanent harm occurs

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. What should a researcher work to maximize with their research study?

A. financial gain

B. benefits to all

C. notoriety

D. short-term repercussions

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. What type of study practice is against beneficence?

A. giving a patient a placebo

B. giving someone a disease and seeing how they react

C. giving payment to all participants

D. giving lunch to participants of an all-day study

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. An informed consent document might include which of the following questions?

A. Do you promise to be involved in the full duration of the study?

B. What is your favorite food?

C. Do you understand you may receive a drug or you may receive a placebo?

D. What is your full medical history?

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following groups would be most easily harmed if ethical principles were not in place?

A. men

B. transgender people

C. heterosexual people

D. millionaires

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Hard

27. Which organization provides informed consent forms?

A. Institutional Review Board

B. Intentional Review Board

C. Instructional Review Board

D. Informational Review Board

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. ______ means a child’s affirmative agreement to participate in research.

A. Assist

B. Attest

C. Assent

D. Affirmative

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. ______ criteria are a set of predefined definitions that are used to identify subjects who will not be included.

A. Inclusion

B. Exclusion

C. Exit

D. Introduction

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. An ______ is harm which occurred to a participant that was not planned or anticipated.

A. abject event

B. abstract event

C. adverse event

D. unintended event

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. What is the purpose of the IRB?

A. It protect the funding source.

B. They oversee the protection of study subjects.

C. It verifies the payment of study subjects.

D. They receive payment for every study they approve.

Learning Objective: 2.4: Differentiate between the different types of institutional review board (IRB) reviews.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Institutional Review Board

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. An IRB committee is made up of at least ______ members.

A. five

B. seven

C. eleven

D. sixteen

Learning Objective: 2.4: Differentiate between the different types of institutional review board (IRB) reviews.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Institutional Review Board

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. If the research is covered by the regulations, the IRB will determine if the research can be approved for an ______.

A. approval

B. exemption

C. opportunity

D. independent review

Learning Objective: 2.4: Differentiate between the different types of institutional review board (IRB) reviews.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Institutional Review Board

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Practice refers to “interventions that are designed solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success.”

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The three ethical principles are respect for persons, benefactors, and justice.

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The principle of respect for persons can be applied via the inform consent process.

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. A study that benefits homeless people more than people with homes is considered ethical.

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The IRB reviews, approves, disapproves, and requests modifications to all research involving human participants prior to it being conducted.

Learning Objective: 2.4: Differentiate between the different types of institutional review board (IRB) reviews.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Institutional Review Board

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How might informed consent be written if a study was being done with immigrants?

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Analyze

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why is it problematic for one group of people to benefit more from study participation?

Learning Objective: 2.2: Differentiate between the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and apply these principles in conducting research.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Belmont Report

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Why are special guidelines necessary for participation of minors in research?

Learning Objective: 2.3: Develop and implement ethical research studies.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Applying the Three Ethical Principles

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. When might the IRB suspend research?

Learning Objective: 2.4: Differentiate between the different types of institutional review board (IRB) reviews.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Institutional Review Board

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What could happen if researchers were not required to complete the CITI certification prior to beginning their research?

Learning Objective: 2.5: Take the Collaborative Institution Training Initiative (CITI) test.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: CITI Certification

Difficulty Level: Hard