Test Bank Docx Social Work Theories Ives Ch.2

Chapter 2

Social Work Theories

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. In social work, theory provides ________.

a) an explanatory framework

b) a way of organizing practice

c) a relatively clear direction and structure for intervention

d) a way of seeing

e) all of the above

2. Developing an expertise in a theoretical approach and applying it consistently is known as a(n) ________.

a) eclectic approach

b) purist approach

c) strength-based approach

d) cognitive approach

e) structural approach

3. Choosing a pertinent theory involves critically thinking about ________.

a) the aim of practice and the practice context

b) the perceived merits and conceptual rigour of a particular theory

c) one's own intellectual and theoretical inclination

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

4. Until recently, the vast majority of well-known authors of social theories belonged to the ________ group.

a) white males

b) indigenous people

c) white females

d) males from the Global South

e) people of colour

5. When examining theoretical perspectives, it is vital to ask the following question(s): ________.

a) Are these theories created with multiple contexts and cultures in mind?

b) What are the implications for practice?

c) What is the popularity of the theory?

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

6. Ecosystem theories are ________.

a) focused on the environment

b) no longer used in social work practice

c) one of the most influential sets of ideas to shape social work practice

d) used only to explain biological processes

e) none of the above

7. Onion-peeling theories describe theories like ________.

a) psychodynamic theory

b) behavioural theory

c) story-telling theory

d) feminist theory

e) both A and B

8. Ecosystem theories include ________.

a) onion-peeling theory

b) faulty-engine theory

c) story-telling theory

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

9. Ecosystem theories ________.

a) study reciprocal relationships among individuals

b) examine mutually influencing factors in the environment

c) seek holistic change by examining interacting components

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

10. Mary Richmond's early text Social Diagnosis is today recognized as a(n) ________.

a) onion-peeling theory

b) systems approach

c) guide to modern social work

d) psychiatric manual

e) explanation of society

11. ________ sees all organisms as systems, composed of subsystems, and in turn part of super systems.

a) General systems theory

b) Multiple systems theory

c) Attachment theory

d) Social work theory

e) Post-modern theory

12. Individuals both affect and are affected by ________ systems.

a) satellite

b) solar

c) family

d) behavioural

e) circulatory

13. According to Uri Bronfenbrenner, ________ must be considered in order to understand human development.

a) the microsystem

b) the mesosystem

c) the exosystem

d) the macrosystem

e) all of the above

14. Ecosystem theories help identify ________.

a) interacting risks

b) protective factors

c) faulty thinking

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

15. In psychodynamic theory, the id represents the ________.

a) conscience

b) internalization of values and norms of society

c) reality principle

d) powerful forces of drives, instincts, and desires

e) control over drives and desires

16. Sigmund Freud identified ________ stage(s) through which humans move as they age.

a) the oral

b) the anal

c) the phallic

d) the latency

e) all of the above

17. ________ developed a theory of how seeking attachment to others is a basic drive.

a) Carl Rogers

b) Sigmund Freud

c) Ludwig von Bertalanffy

d) John Bowlby

e) Charles Darwin

18. Theories of attachment focus on ________.

a) client self-determination

b) early childhood development

c) sex-role stereotypes

d) inner drives

e) cognitions

19. Carl Rogers developed the ________ approach.

a) psychodynamic

b) feminist

c) person-centred

d) cognitive-behavioural

e) structural

20. Person-centred approaches focus on ________.

a) putting the client at the centre of practice

b) notions of dignity and respect

c) client self-determination

d) a non-directive relationship with the client

e) all of the above

21. Counter-transference refers to ________.

a) translocation of past experiences to the present without conscious awareness

b) therapist's emotional reaction to a client

c) client's emotional reaction to a therapist

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

22. ________ demonstrate(s) the powerful and longstanding influence of psychodynamic theories.

a) Freudian slip

b) Oedipus complex

c) separation anxiety

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

23. ________ theories tend to be structured and directive.

a) Onion-peeling

b) Mountain-moving

c) Faulty-engine

d) Feminist

e) Ecosystem

24. Behaviour therapy aims to ________.

a) help individuals work through unhelpful patterns of relating

b) alter an individual's maladaptive reactions to a stimulus

c) help individuals develop innovative supports through systems and networks

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

25. Behavioural approaches emerged from the work of ________.

a) B.F. Skinner

b) Sigmund Freud

c) John Bowlby

d) Carl Rogers

e) Michel Foucault

26. Behaviour therapy alters human behaviour using ________ methods.

a) rewards

b) biofeedback

c) reinforcement

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

27. Cognitive-behavioural theories assume that ________.

a) thinking mediates emotions and behaviours

b) faulty thinking leads to psychological distress and dysfunction

c) altering distorted thinking and behaviour reduces stress and dysfunction

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

28. Homework assignments and practice skills are common in ________.

a) the psychodynamic approach

b) the cognitive-behavioural approach

c) the person-centred approach

d) both A and B

e) none of the above

29. Critique(s) of faulty-engine theories state that ________.

a) they are highly individualistic in focus

b) they do not address importance of therapeutic relationship

c) the theory is lacking evidence

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

30. ________ argued that language and discourses are not neutral.

a) B.F. Skinner

b) Sigmund Freud

c) Max Weber

d) Michel Foucault

e) Mary Richmond

31. ________ have been influential in the development of storytelling theories.

a) Social constructionist theories

b) Psychodynamic theories

c) Feminist theories

d) Behavioural theories

e) Mountain-moving theories

32. Anti-oppressive social work practice falls under ________ core themes.

a) five

b) eight

c) ten

d) twelve

e) fifteen

33. ________ focus practice on participatory and/or revolutionary consciousness-raising and political action.

a) Mountain-moving theories

b) Storytelling theories

c) Faulty-engine theories

d) Onion-peeling theories

e) Ecosystem theories

34. Historically, ________ reinforced the importance of equality and laid the groundwork for equal opportunity.

a) socialist feminists

b) post-modern feminists

c) Marxist feminists

d) radical feminists

e) liberal feminists

35. ________ were early users of the term "patriarchy."

a) Post-modern feminists

b) Radical feminists

c) Marxist feminists

d) Black feminists

e) Socialist feminists

36. ________ highlighted the distribution of power as a critical component of women's oppression.

a) Black feminists

b) Liberal feminists

c) Marxist feminists

d) Socialist feminists

e) Post-modern feminists

37. The goal of anti-oppressive social work practice is ________.

a) to acknowledge the existence of oppression

b) to fight for change

c) to understand the complex nature of identities

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

38. From an anti-oppressive practice perspective, labelling is considered ________.

a) destructive

b) desirable

c) disrespectful

d) aggressive

e) all of the above

39. ________ is/are examples of how colonial practices have impacted Indigenous communities.

a) Residential schools

b) The Sixties Scoop

c) Overrepresentation of Indigenous children in child welfare systems

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

40. An Indigenous approach to social work requires a broad, grounded, contextual understanding of ________.

a) Indigenous land treaties

b) Indigenous health problems

c) residential schools

d) Indigenous peoples in their totality

e) Indigenous culture

41. Structural social work focuses on the impact of ________ social structures.

a) family

b) community

c) bureaucracy

d) both B and C

e) all of the above

42. Structural social work focuses on the ________ practice strategy.

a) normalization

b) dialogical relations

c) person in their environment

d) both A and B

e) all of the above

43. The overall contribution of mountain-moving theories is ________.

a) to help people understand what prevents them from moving forward

b) to shift the focus of practice attention

c) to explore how stories can be reinterpreted

d) to consider interactions between people and their physical environment

e) to change some of the often apolitical and oppressive practices in social work

44. According to Lester Parrott, two important elements of empowerment are ________.

a) power and control

b) power and self-actualization

c) partnership and control

d) partnership and power

e) control and self-actualization

45. Working collaboratively with clients requires ________.

a) involving them in the assessment process

b) ensuring transparency

c) seeking out their views

d) involving them in decision making

e) all of the above

46. The purpose of reflexive practice is ________.

a) to allow social workers to reflect on how power relations shape interactions with clients

b) to help to assure critical engagement with the theory/practice dialectic

c) to help develop good clinical reflexes

d) to mirror what clients are experiencing

e) both A and B

47. Trauma-informed practice approaches consider the impact of ________.

a) the present on the future

b) the past on the present

c) the future

d) the present

e) both A and B

48. Trauma is defined as ________.

a) an irrational underlying fear despite normal functioning on the surface layer

b) inability to move forward and forget or repress early childhood experiences

c) an exposure to an extraordinary experience that presents a physical or psychological threat to oneself or others and generates a reaction of helplessness or fear

d) none of the above

e) all of the above

49. Which is NOT a key principle of trauma-informed social work?

a) safety

b) trust

c) collaboration

d) empowerment

e) none of the above

50. Storytelling approaches are applicable at the ________.

a) individual level

b) organizational level

c) collective level

d) global level

e) both A and B

51. Narrative therapy focuses on ________.

a) how stories can be "re-authored" to enable more positive life outcomes

b) how clients can share their stories with others

c) how to structure life stories coherently

d) improving narrative expertise

e) all of the above

52. The use of ________ is critical in solution-focused therapy.

a) problem-solving

b) positive talk

c) self-care

d) language

e) reflexivity

53. Which is NOT a technique of solution-focused therapy?

a) amplify strengths by expressing curiosity and interest when examples of resilience are expressed

b) seek exceptions by asking clients about times when a problem could have been present but was not

c) explore coping strategies by asking what individuals and families are doing to survive the painful or stressful circumstances they are finding themselves in

d) measure the success of attempted solutions

e) none of the above

54. Critical race theory emerged in the context of ________.

a) globalization

b) the civil rights movement

c) WWII

d) the refugee crisis

e) both A and B

55. Critical race theory aims to deconstruct the complex relationship between race and ________.

a) power

b) feminism

c) social structures

d) systems of oppression

e) none of the above

56. Razack and Jeffery suggest ________ basic tenets of critical race theory and their importance to social work education.

a) 5

b) 10

c) 3

d) 9

e) 6

57. Intersectionality recognizes ________.

a) the multiple systems of inequality

b) the many ways there can be further points of distinction within groups

c) the many ways there can be further points of distinction between groups

d) the power of social location

e) both A and B

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. According to Brian Sheldon (1995), humans regularly avoid theorizing.

2. Jargon can be used to confuse, exclude, or denigrate others.

3. Choosing a theoretical perspective must be accompanied by a process of reflection and critical thinking.

4. The theorist's own worldview should not shape or influence the content, direction, or development of social work theory.

5. During the Enlightenment era, theorists would use purely scientific explanations to explain social problems.

6. Social conditions, culture, geography, and economics all influence social work theory.

7. Ecosystem theories of social work are one of the most influential ideas to shape social work practice.

8. Onion-peeling theories of social work describe theories like behaviourism and cognitive-behaviourism.

9. Onion-peeling theories, faulty-engine theories, storytelling theories, and mountain-moving theories are all examples of ecosystem theories.

10. Biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy's early text Social Diagnosis provided one of the first analyses of social work practice.

11. Healthy systems are not static but dynamic and in a constant state of flux.

12. Faulty-engine theories of social work focus on the interactions between people and their environment.

13. Onion-peeling theories of social work view the human experience as a complex layering of experiences that influences our lives.

14. Mountain-moving theories of social work include psychodynamic theories and person-centred approaches.

15. Contemporary Freudian thinking focuses on safety and security as primary drives.

16. Both psychodynamic and person-centred approaches to social work put the client at the centre of the practice and focus on client self-determination.

17. Carl Rogers believed in developing genuine relationships with clients where the practitioner and the client could together examine the client's past.

18. Counter-transference refers to a therapist's emotional reaction to a client, whether conscious or unconscious.

19. Mountain-moving theories focus on behavioural and cognitive-behavioural approaches.

20. Psychodynamic theory has a strong evidence base to support its overall effectiveness.

21. Social constructionist theories, cultural influences, and the work of Michel Foucault have been influential in the development of storytelling theories.

22. Strength-based social work is grounded in the belief that people have inherent strengths, are motivated toward well-being, and have the capacity to find innovative solutions.

23. A strength of storytelling theories of social work is that social workers drive the intervention and direct the "re-storying" process.

24. Mountain-moving theories of social work aim to eliminate disadvantage and empower people to realize their hopes and aspirations.

25. Structural social work's core assumption is that sex-role stereotypes and certain social structures perpetuate women's subordination.

26. Donna Baines (2011) describes ten core themes of anti-oppressive practice.

27. Anti-oppressive practice understands the person in their totality (physical, spiritual, mental, and emotional) and does not separate "inner space" from "outer space."

28. A starting point for structural social work is that it sees society as a struggle between social groups with competing interests.

29. Mountain-moving theories propose that social work should seek to change the way societies create and respond to social problems.

30. Faulty-engine theories promote empowerment in the lives of the marginalized.

31. Mountain-moving theories do not offer explanations that can be tested or assessed empirically.

32. Critical reflexivity is one way to ensure that theory and practice remain intertwined.

33. Intersectionality represents the intersection of different systems of oppression.

34. Intersectionality considers the multiple points of distinction between groups.

35. Critical race theory aims to deconstruct the complex relationship between race/racism and power and the way racism is constructed and embedded in society, with the ultimate goal of reforming these relations to instill positive social change.

36. One of the basic tenets of critical race theory is addressing "colour blindness."

37. Both narrative and solution-focused interventions call upon social workers to follow rather than lead.

38. Social workers need to be self-reflective and cognizant of how their clients' social location shapes their social work practice and relationships with clients.

39. Mountain-moving theories provide an umbrella that frames feminist theories, anti-oppressive practice, critical race theory, structural social work, and Indigenous approaches to social work practice.

40. A limitation of storytelling theories is that they are not feasible in short-term social work settings.

41. A limitation of ecosystem theories is that they are more descriptive than prescriptive.

42. Indigenous perspectives separate the "inner space" from the "outer space."

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are the strengths of a purist theoretical approach to social work?

2. What are five critical questions one should ask before choosing and employing a particular theory?

3. As theorizing is not a neutral process, what might influence it?

4. How did the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy view systems theory?

5. How are ecosystem theories applied in social work practice?

6. How do onion-peeling theories of social work view the human condition?

7. From a psychodynamic perspective of social work, what are the major causes of client difficulties?

8. What were Sigmund Freud's five developmental stages?

9. According to John Bowlby, how do early experiences of attachment impact later social competence?

10. What three fundamental assumptions are linked to cognitive-behavioural theories?

11. What is the aim of "reframing" in social work practice?

12. What are three critiques of faulty-engine theories?

13. What are four of the processes involved in reconstructing narratives, as summarized by Jan Fook (2002)?

14. What five theories of social work fall within the realm of mountain-moving theories?

15. According to Orme (2002), what are the four main areas of feminist social work?

16. In what three ways does anti-oppressive practice differ from "good" mainstream practice?

17. What four key principles do Indigenous approaches to social work practice incorporate?

18. What are the three key themes that encompass the core assumptions of structural social work?

19. What is reflexivity and how is it practised?

20. What are three limitations of storytelling theories?

21. What are the five techniques to support solution talk?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. Compare and contrast a purist approach to theory with an eclectic approach to theory. Describe each approach, explain the strengths and challenges of each, and give an example of when each approach would be useful in practice.

2. What are onion-peeling theories? Include information about their early foundations, provide examples of theories that fall into this category, and discuss the strengths as well as the critiques of onion-peeling theories.

3. Describe ecosystem theories and explain how their application is useful for work with refugees and asylum seekers.

4. What are mountain-moving theories? Explain the aim and common perspectives of this set of theories. Describe two examples of mountain-moving theories and include the core assumptions of each as well as an example of how these two approaches are used in practice.

5. Describe anti-oppressive social work practice including the goals and purpose of the approach, the clientele for whom it is appropriate, and five of the core themes under which these practices fall.

6. Describe critical race theory, including its goals and basic tenets as proposed by Razack and Jeffery.