Test Bank Docx nan Autism Chapter 7

Chapter 7: Autism

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following best reflects the changes that occurred with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition’s (DSM-5’s) description and diagnostic criteria for autism?

a. There is an increased focus on deficits in communication and social interaction deficits.

b. Autism diagnosis must now be made before the age of 2.

c. There is an increased focus on engagement in repetitive patterns of behavior.

d. Asperger’s syndrome has been eliminated.

Topic: Shifting Conceptualizations

LO: 7.2

2. Which of the following is most accurate regarding the etiology of autism?

a. Researchers have identified a strong heritability of autism with the greatest risk between full siblings.

b. Researchers have identified one genetic cause for autism.

c. Researchers have identified similarities in brain function in individuals with autism compared with those without autism.

d. Changes in brain functioning typically begin in early childhood.

Topic: Etiology

LO: 7.3

3. Which of the following is most representative of the course and outcomes of autism?

a. Because of recent research, aging in autism is well understood.

b. Symptoms of autism are strongly correlated with adaptive functioning.

c. Childhood language and intelligence are the strongest predictors of later outcomes.

d. Therapeutic intervention has little impact on the course of autism.

Topic: Prevalence and Course–Course and Outcomes

LO: 7.3

4. Which of the following is most reflective of the impact of neurocognitive factors on occupational performance?

a. IQ is the best predictor of an individual’s ability to engage in effective daily living skills.

b. When working with school-aged children diagnosed with autism, the occupational therapist should work with the child, family, and teachers to increase their understanding of the child’s abilities and recommended task and environmental adaptations to increase occupational functioning.

c. The impact of neurocognitive factors on occupational performance is best assessed through cognitive testing.

d. As individuals with autism age, the gap between their executive functioning and ability to engage in complex daily living tasks often become less apparent.

Topic: Impact on Occupational Performance

LO: 7.6

5. Sam is a high school student who demonstrates behavioral problems when he is in the crowded school hallway, changing classrooms. As people bump into him and the noise from the others in the hallway gets louder, he becomes angry and often yells. At times he will begin punching those around him. It takes Sam time to calm down and he often misses part of his next class as he works on regulating his emotions. Which of the following best describes what is causing Sam’s behavioral issues?

a. Sam is experiencing sensory oversensitivity, which presents when he is in crowded, noisy environments.

b. Sam is experiencing executive functioning issues, which present as acting out when he cannot find his way to his next classroom.

c. Sam is experiencing social participation issues, which present when he doesn’t socially fit in with his peers.

d. Sam is demonstrating behaviors of withdrawal and avoidance, which are common in individuals with autism.

Topic: Impact on Occupational Performance

LO: 7.6

6. You have been working with Sam from Question 5 to establish a coping skills plan to implement when he is changing classes. He has set a goal to successfully transition between classes for 1 day without any angry outbursts. He has set a plan to listen to music to cut down on the hallway noise and he will wait to make the transition until the hallways have started to clear out. He plans to try this out tomorrow and check in with you at the end of the day. Which intervention approach does this best represent?

a. Mindfulness meditation

b. Social skills training

c. Peer-mediated interventions

d. Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP)

Topic: Intervention

LO: 7.7

7. Another approach to his successful transition from classroom to classroom that you and Sam have discussed is asking one of his classmates to accompany him during the transition periods. Sam would have the opportunity to watch how his classmate handles these transitions and how the classmate interacts with others in the hallway. Which intervention approach does this best represent?

a. Mindfulness meditation

b. Social skills training

c. Peer-mediated interventions

d. Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP)

Topic: Intervention

LO: 7.7

8. In addition to intelligence and age, what related feature of autism has the greatest impact on adaptive skills?

a. Autism level of severity

b. Sensory processing

c. Executive function

d. Behavioral difficulty

Topic: Impact on Occupational Performance

9. What has emerged as a significant contributor to delayed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children?

a. There are no accurate and reliable diagnostic procedures available to diagnose earlier than 3 years of age.

b. Primary health-care providers often provide passive or reassuring responses to concerns initially expressed by parents.

c. Parents have difficulty identifying typical compared with atypical behaviors in their toddlers.

d. Parents often wait too long, up to 2.7 years, to share developmental concerns with their primary health-care providers.

Topic: Prevalence and Course

10. What medication has been approved for use with youth with autism spectrum condition?

a. Risperidone

b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

c. Fenfluramine

d. Methylphenidate

Topic: Medications