Test Bank Docx Literature Review & Research Chapter.4 6e - Educational Research 6e Answer Key + Test Bank by Robert Burke Johnson. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 4: How to Review the Literature and Develop Research Questions
Learning Objectives
- Identify research problems.
- Explain why it is necessary to conduct a literature search.
- Conduct a literature search.
- Explain the reason for stating the purpose of a research study and the research questions.
- Explain the difference between purpose statements and research questions in qualitative and quantitative studies.
- Explain the purpose and necessity of stating your research questions and hypotheses.
- Explain the difference between problem statements in qualitative and quantitative studies.
- State one or two research questions you would like to answer using empirical research.
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following topics cannot be resolved through research?
a. Teaching students’ phonics improves reading performance
b. Sex education is morally wrong
c. Self-efficacy is related to school success
d. Teaching students elaboration strategies can improve their memory performance
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ideas that can’t be Resolved through Empirical Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Which of the following topics can be tested through empirical research?
a. School prayer should be a regular part of school
b. Sex education is morally wrong
c. Evolution should be taught in the schools
d. Teaching comprehension strategies leads to better reading comprehension in fifth graders
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ideas that can’t be Resolved through Empirical Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Along with learning about whether your research problem has been studied, a literature review can also help with all of the following except:
a. Designing your study
b. Learning about methodological problems in studying your phenomenon
c. Revising your research problem
d. Determining the feasibility of your study
Learning Objective: 2
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Review of the Literature Review
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. In a “grounded theory,” study:
a. The literature might not be reviewed before data collection
b. The literature review is larger than in a quantitative study
c. The literature review is used deductively
d. The literature review is used to frame specific a priori hypotheses
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Qualitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. A good qualitative Statement of Purpose:
a. Defines the independent and dependent variables
b. Conveys a sense of emerging design
c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested
d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find
Learning Objective: 4,5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose in a Qualitative Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. A good quantitative Statement of Purpose:
a. Is very general about what relationships are predicted
b. Conveys a sense of emerging design
c. Defines a global question only
d. Specifies the relationship that the researcher expects to find
Learning Objective: 4, 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose in Quantitative Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. In a quantitative study, hypotheses represent:
a. A best guess about the predicted relations between the variables
b. A definition of the independent variable
c. A definition of the dependent variable
d. Trends that emerge from the data as they are collected.
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formulating a Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Generally, in a qualitative study, hypotheses:
a. Are stated before the study is done
b. Might be derived as data are collected and analyzed
c. Are never derived from the data
d. Are never part of qualitative research
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formulating a Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. In which type of research is a literature search always completed PRIOR to actually conducting the study.
a. Mixed methods research
b. Quantitative research
c. Qualitative research
d. Grounded theory research
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Quantitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. In what type of research would the literature review be integrated throughout the conduct of the study with the researcher working back and forth between the literature and the research study.
a. Experimental research
b. Quantitative research
c. Qualitative research
d. Correlational research
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Qualitative Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. A critical consumer of educational research:
a. Feels comfortable drawing conclusions based on one study.
b. Takes whatever researchers say as the truth.
c. Depends only on quantitative studies.
d. Looks for the replication of research findings in several studies.
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Consumer Use of the Literature
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Helen has just conducted a quantitative review of the literature. This is known as:
a. A meta-analysis
b. A meta-synthesis
c. Part of the research plan
d. A narrative review of the literature
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Consumer Use of the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Assume that you had just been to a demonstration by the psychic Uri Geller and had watched him supposedly apply his psychic powers to do such things as bend spoons. Let us further assume that you are a skeptic and doubt that this was done by psychic powers. You want to conduct a study to determine if Uri Geller really has the ability to bend a spoon through use of his psychic powers. This research idea would have originated from:
a. Everyday life
b. A practical issue
c. Past research
d. Theory
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Everyday Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Dr. Skeptic was interested in the following questions.
--Is abortion ethical?
--Is there an afterlife?
--What is the meaning of life?
The common element in all three of these questions is that they:
a. Arise from everyday life experience
b. Arise from practical issues
c. Arise from theory
d. Are not capable of empirical investigation and solution
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Ideas that can’t be Resolved through Empirical Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Dr. Excel was reading research articles on the causes of teacher burnout. Most of this research identified different variables associated with teacher burnout in rural and urban settings. Dr. Excel was interested in determining why the factors contributing to teacher burnout would be different in rural and urban settings, so he designed a study to investigate why such differences would exist. This research study originated from:
a. Everyday life
b. A practical issue
c. Past research
d. Theory
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Past Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. The primary reason for doing a literature review for a quantitative study is to:
a. Determine which statistical test to use
b. Find the proper phrasing of the research hypothesis
c. Gain an understanding of the current state of knowledge in the area
d. Determine who the research participants should be
Learning Objective: 2
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Quantitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. The literature review in a qualitative research study can be used to:
a. Provide information about potential research designs
b. Determine if the research has already been conducted
c. Identify methodological problems
d. Stimulate new insights and concepts
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Qualitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which of the following is focused specifically on educational research?
a. OVID
b. ERIC
c. EBSCO
d. PsycINFO
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Computer Databases
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Sally was completing a literature search. She logged on the World Wide Web and conducted her search using one of the available search engines. As a result she probably:
a. Did not obtain any relevant information
b. Became frustrated because the process was too slow
c. Did not collect enough information
d. Collected a lot of information with questionable credibility
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Internet
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. A qualitative research problem focuses on:
a. Explaining events
b. Predicting events
c. Exploring some process or event
d. Describing relationships
Learning Objective: 5, 7
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Stating a Qualitative Research Statement
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
a. Identify the design of the study
b. Identify the researcher’s intent or objective of the study
c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study
d. Describe the study
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose of the Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Dr. Schwartz stated that the purpose of his study was to explore the process by which students learned to interact with people from another culture. This purpose statement would most likely come from a:
a. Qualitative study
b. Quantitative study investigating a causal connection
c. Quantitative study investigating a predictive relationship
d. Quantitative study investigating a theory
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose of a Qualitative Study
Difficulty Level: Hard
25. Why is the statement “What are the effects of extracurricular activities on cognitive development of school age children” not a particularly good statement of a quantitative research question?
a. Because there clearly is no connection between extracurricular activities and cognitive development
b. Because there are not enough school age children engaged in extracurricular activities to conduct a study
c. Because the statement did not mention the past literature on the topic
d. Because the statement was not specific enough to provide an understanding of the variables being investigated
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of Quantitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Hard
26. Joseph’s research question was “the ways in which students are referred for special education services”. His study is probably a:
a. Quantitative correlational study
b. Mixed methods study
c. Qualitative study
d. Quantitative predictive study
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of a Qualitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Hard
27. Research hypotheses must:
a. Be proven by the research study
b. Be capable of being confirmed or refuted
c. Come from a proven theory
d. Not contradict proven theories
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formulating Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Hypotheses are most important and most typically stated in which type of research?
a. Mixed methods research
b. Quantitative research
c. Qualitative research
d. Grounded theory research
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formulating Hypotheses
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. The best quantitative method for summarizing the results of many quantitative studies is to:
a. Conduct a qualitative analysis of the studies
b. Read all the studies and identify the common characteristics and conclusions of the studies
c. Conduct a meta-analysis of the studies
d. Conduce a meta-synthesis of the studies
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Consumer of the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. According to the text, the flowchart of the development of a research idea goes in which of the following orders:
a. Research topic, research problem, research purpose, specific research question, and, for quantitative research, research hypothesis.
b. Research topic, research purpose, specific research question, research hypothesis, and, for quantitative research, research problem.
c. Research topic, research hypothesis, research purpose, specific research question, and, for quantitative research, research problem.
d. Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research hypothesis, and, for quantitative research, specific research question.
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Which of the following sources is least often used by academic researchers?
a. Books
b. Journals
c. Computer databases
d. Magazines
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sources of Information
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Which kind of research problem points to the need to explain, predict, or describe the operation of an outcome variable?
a. Quantitative
b. Qualitative
c. Correlational
d. Causal comparative
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statement of a Quantitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Which kind of research problem points to the need to explore a process, event, or phenomenon?
a. Quantitative
b. Qualitative
c. Correlational
d. Causal comparative
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose in a Qualitative Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. In the first paragraph of her research paper, Wilma writes “This study will explore the emotions students express while reading.” This is an example of a
a. Research topic
b. Research question
c. Research problem
d. Research idea
Learning Objective: 4
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose for Research Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. The research question for a quantitative study asks about:
a. The process that is to be studied
b. The phenomenon of the study
c. The relationship between two or more variables
d. The purpose for the study
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statement of a Quantitative Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Statements of purpose for mixed methods studies:
a. Refer to quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study
b. Simply describe the phenomenon under investigation
c. Focus in on predictive variables
d. Tend to be shorter than purpose statements for other types of studies
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose in a Mixed Methods Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. There is not agreement about how mixed methods studies’ research questions should be answered. Which of the following is not one of the ways that has been suggested in the book?
a. One aspect of the study is primary and the other is supplemental. Treat the research questions in the same manner
b. Include quantitative and qualitative information in the same research question
c. Write a research question for either the quantitative or qualitative aspect of the study
d. Include separate questions for quantitative and qualitative questions
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statement of Mixed Methods Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. When conducting his literature review, Yusef found a study that summarized the findings of many qualitative studies that were similar to his. What he found was a:
a. Research synthesis
b. Literature review
c. Meta-analysis
d. Meta-synthesis
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Consumer Use of the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Hillary has said that she is interested in the impact of poor phonics instruction on students’ reading. In this case “poor phonics instruction” is:
a. Research topic
b. Research problem
c. Hypothesis
d. Problem statement
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of the Research Problem
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. Statements of purpose for mixed methods studies:
a. Refer to quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study
b. Simply describe the phenomenon under investigation
c. Focus in on predictive variables
d. Tend to be shorter than purpose statements for other types of studies
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose in a Mixed Methods Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. The study’s intent or objective is contained in the:
a. Statement of purpose
b. Research question
c. Research purpose
d. Literature review
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of Purpose of the Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
44. In quantitative research, the statement of the research problem should:
a. Explore an event or phenomenon
b. Key in on the process
c. Focus the inner world of a particular group
d. Explain, predict, or describe an outcome of event
Learning Objective: 7
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Stating a Quantitative Research Problem
Difficulty Level: Easy
45. Previous work has indicated that elementary school boys receive lower grades than their peers and that interviews with their teachers reveal different teaching processes for these students. This could be an example of a:
a. Statement of a qualitative research question
b. Statement of purpose for a quantitative study
c. Statement of a mixed methods research problem
d. Predictive statement for a quantitative study
Learning Objective: 5
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Stating a Mixed Research Problem
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. Ben created the following research question: “How does the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in postsecondary education influence students’ perceptions of disability?”
It is for what type of study?
a. Quantitative research study
b. Qualitative research study
c. Mixed methods research study
d. It cannot be determined from this question
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of a Qualitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. Holly’s research questions are: “Are there different rates of autism in school children from different racial and ethnic groups?” “What is the process of referral for special education services for students with disabilities?” It appears that Holly is conducting a:
a. Quantitative research study
b. Qualitative research study
c. Mixed methods research study
d. It cannot be determined from this question
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of a Qualitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. Mallory’s research question is “Do students who participate on athletic teams in high school receive higher test grades during their sports season or during the rest of the year?”
a. Quantitative research study
b. Qualitative research study
c. Mixed methods research study
d. It cannot be determined from this question
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Statement of a Qualitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
49. Bill has written a literature review that explains the theory behind his study, helped support his research question and the choice of participants in his study. Based on this information, it appears that Bill’s study is a
a. Quantitative research study
b. Qualitative research study
c. Mixed methods research study
d. It cannot be determined from this question
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Literature Review for Qualitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. Gwen’s literature review provided ideas about procedure, design, data collection instruments, and methodological problems in addition to helping her form her research questions. Based on this information, it appears that Gwen’s study is a:
a. Quantitative research study
b. Qualitative research study
c. Mixed methods research study
d. It cannot be determined from this question
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Literature Review for Qualitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False:
1. In quantitative research, one should first become familiar with any pre-existing research literature before designing your research study.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Literature Review for Quantitative Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Issues such as aesthetics, morality, and religion cannot be resolved through empirical research.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ideas that can’t be Resolved through Empirical Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Issues such as aesthetics, morality, and religion can usually be resolved through empirical research.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ideas that can’t be Resolved through Empirical Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The research question for a quantitative research study should be specific enough that there is little doubt about what the variables are that are being studied.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statement of a Quantitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. A scientific hypothesis must be something that can be supported or refuted by empirical evidence.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formulating Hypotheses
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The research question for a qualitative study should list the variables under investigation.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statement of a Qualitative Research Question
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Descriptive questions, predictive questions, and causal questions are all used in quantitative research.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Table 4.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, and coverage are all qualities used to judge the validity of internet resources.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Table 4.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. If your literature review indicates that the problem you had in mind has already been conducted, you must change to a different problem.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Literature Review for Quantitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Literature reviews can give you information about the methodology you may want to use in your study.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Literature Review for Quantitative Research Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Most current research information about a research topic is usually found in journals.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Journals
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The grant agency decided that the research proposal that was submitted was one that could be completed within a reasonable amount of time, use the skills the researcher had, and would not cost too much money. The study was judged to be feasible.
a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: 3
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Feasibility of the Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
- Research ideas can come from many sources. Two of these are everyday life and practical issues. Propose one research idea from your everyday life and one from practical issues
Learning Objective: 1
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sources of Research Information
Difficulty Level: Easy
- State two problems and their related research questions you would like to answer using empirical research. Identify the type of research you will use (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods?
Learning Objective: 8
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Statement of the Research Problem, Statement of Research Questions
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative studies’ literature reviews.
Learning Objective: 2
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Review of the Literature
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Explain why research questions and hypotheses need to be stated.
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Statement of Research Questions, Formulating Hypotheses
Difficulty Level: Easy
- What are the steps for conducting a literature review?
Learning Objective: 6
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Educational Research 6e Answer Key + Test Bank
By Robert Burke Johnson