Test Bank Docx Harrison Domestic Policy Ch.17

American Democracy Now, 6e (Harrison)

Chapter 17 Domestic Policy

1) People with NIMBY ("not-in-my-backyard") syndrome take which of the following stances on civic engagement?

A) They never participate until directly threatened by government action or inaction.

B) They rarely participate, viewing government as corrupt and ineffective.

C) They often participate, but form narrow ideological positions.

D) They often participate in an attempt to limit government authority.

E) They often participate in an attempt to expand government authority.

2) According to the 2016 Pew Research Center survey discussed in the text, what is the highest priority for respondents with a Democratic perspective?

A) defending against terrorism

B) improving education

C) reducing health care costs

D) strengthening the economy

E) protecting the environment

3) According to the 2016 Pew Research Center survey discussed in the text, what is the highest priority for respondents who have a Republican perspective?

A) improving education

B) defending against terrorism

C) reducing health care costs

D) strengthening the economy

E) reducing crime

4) The federal government's breadth of domestic responsibilities has grown due to

A) the plurality of citizens' policy priorities.

B) the diversity of needs and expectations.

C) politicians' hesitancy to eliminate programs.

D) politicians' refusal to decrease program costs.

E) All of these answers are correct.

5) Government-supported safety nets

A) are generally supported by those with a conservative ideology.

B) deal exclusively with the economic well-being of citizens.

C) are a group of policies that concern public safety and national security issues.

D) are programs that ensure that the physiological needs of citizens are met.

E) are rarely supported by those that are liberal in inclination, like Democrats.

6) Since 1789, when the states ratified the U.S. Constitution, the national government's scope of responsibility for domestic matters has

A) rapidly contacted.

B) gradually contracted.

C) remained constant.

D) gradually expanded.

E) rapidly expanded.

7) Which current policy area is viewed by some as a national security issue, by others as an economic issue, and still others as a humanitarian cause?

A) environmental

B) immigration

C) energy

D) health

E) financial reform

8) Which of these groups does the government rely on to assist in overseeing compliance and in reporting violators of national laws and regulations?

A) public officials

B) citizens

C) interest groups

D) the media

E) All of these answers are correct.

9) Using the domestic policy tool of ________, governments hire public servants to dispense services.

A) direct provision

B) indirect provision

C) cash transfer

D) in-kind assistance

E) direct subsidy

10) All of the following are considered cash transfers EXCEPT

A) unemployment checks.

B) Social Security checks.

C) Pell grants to college students.

D) Medicaid services.

E) tax breaks.

11) Government benefits guaranteed to all who meet the eligibility requirements are best known as ________ programs.

A) entitlement

B) contributory

C) social insurance

D) noncontributory

E) limited-access

12) How are social insurance programs funded?

A) by tax revenue collected specifically for these programs

B) by the general revenues of the government

C) by direct subsidies from private companies

D) by money paid from all taxpayers

E) by loans from the U.S. Treasury

13) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures bank deposits up to

A) $10,000.

B) $25,000.

C) $50,000.

D) $100,000.

E) $250,000.

14) Which of the following was instrumental in bringing awareness to the dangers of pesticides, and resulted in the creation of a presidential panel to investigate them?

A) the fire on Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio

B) Earth Day festivities in 1970

C) the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency

D) the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

E) the passage of the Clean Air Act

15) Which of the following was so successful at bringing attention to environmental concerns that many consider it the beginning of the environmental movement?

A) the fire on Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio

B) Earth Day festivities in 1970

C) the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency

D) the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring

E) the passage of the Clean Air Act

16) Under the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970, who was given enforcement responsibility for air quality standards?

A) local governments

B) the states

C) the Department of the Interior

D) the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

E) the Department of Energy

17) Which of the following statements about the compliance provisions of the Clean Air Act is accurate?

A) The law gives citizens the right to sue those who are violating standards.

B) Under the law, only states have the right to sue those who are violating standards.

C) The law gives only the Environmental Protection Agency the right to sue those who are violating standards.

D) Under the law, only environmental interest groups have the right to sue those who are violating standards.

E) The law does not provide any legal right to sue with regard to the violation of its standards.

18) The higher incidence of environmental threats and subsequent health problems in lower-income communities is referred to as environmental

A) terrorism.

B) segregation.

C) racism.

D) discrimination.

E) exclusion.

19) Which piece of environmental legislation regulates the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and encourages recycling?

A) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

B) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act

C) Federal Water Pollution Control Act

D) Clean Air Act

E) Environmental Protection Act

20) Which piece of environmental legislation, also known as the Superfund law, pays for cleanup of the nation's most toxic waste dumps?

A) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

B) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act

C) Federal Water Pollution Control Act

D) Clean Air Act

E) Environmental Protection Act

21) Which of the following events served as a catalyst for the development of a U.S. energy policy?

A) election of Ronald Reagan

B) explosion of toxic waste site in Elizabeth, New Jersey

C) construction of the Keystone XL pipeline

D) oil spill from the Exxon Valdez

E) OPEC oil embargo

22) Which president declared an "energy crisis" and promoted conservation and energy efficiency measures?

A) Gerald Ford

B) Jimmy Carter

C) Ronald Reagan

D) George H. W. Bush

E) Bill Clinton

23) A 2014 report on climate change gave examples of how the environment is reacting to global warming. These include

A) floods.

B) droughts.

C) endangered food supplies.

D) endangered water supplies.

E) All of these answers are correct.

24) In which year was the Environmental Protection Agency formed?

A) 1940

B) 1949

C) 1962

D) 1969

E) 1976

25) Citizens have the right to ________ the EPA if it does not enforce the Clean Air Act.

A) petition

B) deregulate

C) fine

D) sue

E) None of these answers is correct.

26) What was the first U.S. climate change policy, enacted in 2015?

A) Kyoto Protocol

B) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

C) Clean Power Plan

D) American First Energy Plan

E) Strategic Petroleum Reserve

27) Which of the following statements about the Kyoto Protocol is accurate?

A) It was created because of international concerns about clean air.

B) It calls on countries to work toward cutting greenhouse gases.

C) It cast doubt on the science behind theories of global warming.

D) The United States and 191 other nations are signatories.

E) All of these answers are correct.

28) Which of the following is/are often at odds with environmental protection efforts?

A) energy production

B) human health

C) personal economics

D) national economics

E) All of these answers are correct.

29) The U.S. did all of the following as a result of the OPEC crisis EXCEPT

A) established the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

B) established the EPA.

C) encouraged energy conservation.

D) provided funding for research and development of alternative energy sources.

E) created the CAFE standards.

30) President Trump's "America First Energy Plan" proposes to do which of the following?

A) assert U.S. energy dominance

B) create new jobs

C) lift regulations on American energy

D) repeal the Clean Power Plan

E) All of these answers are correct.

31) The revolutionary bills and subsequent New Deal policies launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt dealt with which of the following?

A) stimulating the depressed economy

B) establishing a more regulated economy

C) income security for retired citizens

D) a safety net for people in financial need

E) All of these answers are correct.

32) To fund Social Security, a portion of a person's earnings are subject to a(n) ________ Social Security tax, half paid by the employee and half by the employer.

A) 10.8 percent

B) 12.4 percent

C) 14.2 percent

D) 18.6 percent

E) 30 percent

33) ________ benefits are government benefits with an automatic cost of living increase based on inflation.

A) Indexed

B) Progressive

C) Fixed

D) Means-tested

E) Annuitized

34) Which of the following statements about Social Security payments is FALSE?

A) Current workers contribute to Social Security through FICA contributions.

B) Current workers' contributions are paid out to today's beneficiaries.

C) Most people collect less from Social Security than they pay in to the fund.

D) The money left over after today's payments are made is invested.

E) The pay-as-you-go system will eventually be unable to cover the full costs of OASI.

35) What age limit is included in the provisions of the Social Security Disability Act of 1956, which provides benefits to workers disabled before the OASI-designated retirement age?

A) after age 40

B) after age 45

C) after age 50

D) after age 55

E) after age 57

36) Like OASI, Social Security Disability Insurance is a

A) direct subsidy.

B) noncontributory program.

C) non-indexed benefit.

D) means-tested program.

E) contributory program.

37) Established in 1972, the Supplementary Security Income (SSI) program involves which type of benefit?

A) indexed benefit

B) progressive benefit

C) fixed benefit

D) means-tested benefit

E) annuitized benefit

38) For how many weeks can an employee who is let go through no fault of his or her own receive unemployment compensation?

A) no more than 36 weeks

B) 365 days

C) 13 weeks

D) until gainfully employed

E) 26 weeks

39) What share of a regular employee's hourly wage must employers pay for overtime work, or all hours worked over 40 hours in a week?

A) one and one-quarter times

B) one and one-half times

C) one and three-quarter times

D) two times

E) two and one-quarter times

40) Which of the following statements about the minimum wage is accurate?

A) The minimum wage guarantees workers a living wage.

B) Those earning minimum wage automatically receive COLA adjustments.

C) Only the federal government can set a minimum wage.

D) Commissioned sales employees are exempt from minimum wage requirements.

E) The minimum wage ensures that workers do not live in poverty.

41) In what way is the minimum wage increased?

A) yearly, with cost of living adjustment to keep up with inflation

B) through new legislation approved by Congress and the president

C) through an index, like OASI

D) after the beneficiary is means-tested

E) automatically, when it is determined that it will no longer keep workers out of poverty

42) ________ is an example of a tax break that the government uses to keep low-wage earners out of poverty.

A) The American Opportunity Tax Credit

B) The Work Opportunity Tax Credit

C) Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

D) Aid to Dependent Children

E) The Earned Income Tax Credit

43) As mandated by federal law, which of the following was an eligibility requirement for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) benefits in every state?

A) a single parent

B) presence of a child in the home

C) a parent who stayed at home with child(ren)

D) no assistance from an absent parent

E) All of these answers are correct.

44) Beginning in the late ________, the number of woman-headed households with children living in poverty began to increase, a phenomenon known as the feminization of poverty.

A) 1930s

B) 1940s

C) 1950s

D) 1960s

E) 1970s

45) Under the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) replaced the AFDC program. TANF is different from AFDC because it

A) deals with both single family and two-family households.

B) is not an entitlement program.

C) takes all flexibility away from the states and replaces it with strict federal regulations.

D) does not have work requirements.

E) is not concerned with children's parentage.

46) How do most government agencies determine eligibility for most in-kind assistance safety-net programs?

A) HHS's poverty guidelines

B) Census Bureau's poverty thresholds

C) PRWORA recommendations

D) Family Support Act guidelines

E) Congressional Budget Office poverty thresholds

47) Most federal money spent on housing assistance is in the form of

A) block grants to states.

B) grants-in-aid to states.

C) direct cash transfers.

D) in-kind assistance.

E) tax breaks.

48) Which president's "Great Society" plan created government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid?

A) Dwight Eisenhower

B) John F. Kennedy

C) Lyndon B. Johnson

D) Richard Nixon

E) Jimmy Carter

49) How did the Affordable Care Act affect Medicaid?

A) It ended most Medicaid benefits and instead provided them through the Affordable Care Act.

B) It ended all Medicaid benefits.

C) It required that Medicaid services be merged with Medicare.

D) It allowed states to expand Medicaid for low-income people.

E) It made Medicaid the centerpiece of health care in the United States.

50) What is the minimum age at which most people can receive Medicare health insurance benefits?

A) 55 years of age

B) 57 years of age

C) 60 years of age

D) 63 years of age

E) 65 years of age

51) In which year did the provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requiring everyone to purchase health insurance come into force?

A) 2014

B) 2015

C) 2016

D) 2017

E) 2018

52) The Affordable Care Act

A) prohibits insurance companies from denying coverage to people with preexisting conditions.

B) requires everyone to pay for private health insurance, even if they are covered under a company or government insurance program.

C) does not provide any specific guidelines for preventive health care, such as for diabetes screening and mammograms.

D) will not be fully implemented until 2020.

E) All of these answers are correct.

53) In which year did the USA PATRIOT Act establish new criteria for authorizing entry into the United States?

A) 1947

B) 1969

C) 1986

D) 2002

E) 2010

54) What percentage of immigrants enter the U.S. because they are immediate relatives of citizens or sponsored by a family member?

A) 4 percent

B) 15 percent

C) 20 percent

D) 50 percent

E) almost 70 percent

55) Which of the following is the largest category of immigrants who are authorized to come permanently to the United States?

A) those who are seeking humanitarian protection from persecution

B) those with special employment skills

C) those seeking to reunify with family who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents

D) those who became eligible pursuant to a lottery

E) those who come to work as farm laborers

56) Which of the following groups is/are excluded from permanent immigration to the United States?

A) foreign anarchists

B) foreign nationals perceived to be political extremists

C) foreigners perceived to be security or terrorist threats

D) foreigners who present a health risk

E) All of these answers are correct.

57) Which of the following regions is/are the largest source of immigrants to the United States?

A) Asia

B) Europe

C) Africa

D) Central America and Mexico

E) South America

58) In 2015, about how many undocumented immigrants were travelers who overstayed their visas?

A) 40,000

B) 120,000

C) 240,000

D) 350,000

E) more than 500,000

59) Outline the factors that complicate the formation of national domestic policy.

60) Define direct provision and provide examples of its application.

61) Identify examples of direct subsidies created by the U.S. government.

62) Describe the circumstances that led to the creation of Earth Day.

63) Outline the relationship between energy use and global warming.

64) Discuss the circumstances that led to the development of a national energy policy in the United States.

65) Identify and discuss important features of the OASI program established by the Social Security Act.

66) Discuss the purposes and features of the minimum wage, and identify groups of workers not guaranteed it.

67) Define food insecurity and explain the programs designed to address food insecurity.

68) Explain the purposes of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 regarding people's access to health insurance.