Complete Test Bank Foreign Policy and National Security Ch18

American Democracy Now, 6e (Harrison)

Chapter 18 Foreign Policy and National Security

1) When a country offers another country the same, least restrictive trade policies that it offers to other nations within in a trade network, it is

A) using diplomacy.

B) conferring normal trade relations status.

C) treating the country as a "most favored nation."

D) offering the country its lowest tariff rates.

E) All of these answers are correct.

2) Which country became a focal point of the U.S. war on terrorism and saw its aid support from the United States increase rapidly after the 9/11 attacks?

A) Pakistan

B) Algeria

C) Iran

D) Jordan

E) Lebanon

3) Which of the following countries is NOT a member of NAFTA?

A) Mexico

B) Panama

C) Canada

D) United States

E) None of these answers is correct, as all of these countries are members of NAFTA.

4) Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces in which country?

A) Afghanistan

B) Iran

C) Syria

D) Iraq

E) Pakistan

5) To voice its objection to Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons, the Obama administration developed a host of penalties that hindered or halted economic relations. These penalties are best described as

A) diplomacy.

B) deterrence.

C) sanctions.

D) intermestics.

E) containment.

6) What has been the main reason for the high degree of tension between the United States and Iran in recent years?

A) Iran's ownership of oil reserves

B) Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons

C) Iran's fundamentalist Islamic regime

D) Iran's influence in neighboring Iraq

E) Iran's human rights violations

7) Al-Qaeda is a radical international Islamic fundamentalist terror organization that was led by Osama bin Laden, who was from which country?

A) Morocco

B) Syria

C) Libya

D) Egypt

E) Saudi Arabia

8) Which of the following are NOT classified as weapons of mass destruction?

A) nuclear weapons

B) biological weapons

C) chemical weapons

D) conventional bombs

E) None of these answers is correct, as all of these are classified as weapons of mass destruction.

9) What is the main goal of U.S. foreign policymakers when a military action is less concerned with changing a nation's policies than with deposing its leaders?

A) conquest of territory

B) resource acquisition

C) regime change

D) policy change

E) protection of human rights

10) Military action by the United States, seeking changes to policy in another country, has been of a smaller scale in the case of which of the following?

A) Iraq

B) Afghanistan

C) Syria 

D) Panama

E) Kosovo

11) Which of the following is the foremost foreign policy actor in the United States?

A) the president

B) the State Department

C) Congress

D) the Department of Defense

E) the secretary of defense

12) Which of the following executive departments have the largest roles in shaping United States foreign policy?

A) State and Homeland Security

B) State and Defense

C) State and the Treasury

D) Treasury and Defense

E) Defense and Homeland Security

13) State Department employees are organized according to

A) political or ideological leaning.

B) topical specialty.

C) language proficiency.

D) geographic area specialty.

E) topical specialty and geographical specialty.

14) The official operation of the U.S. government in each country that has diplomatic ties to the United States is the

A) diplomatic mission.

B) attaché.

C) country desk.

D) consulate.

E) embassy.

15) Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the formulation of foreign policy?

A) The State Department and the National Security Council focus on long-term objectives, while the president tends to focus on short-term goals.

B) The State Department tends to take a long-term view of world affairs, while the National Security Council focuses on short-term objectives.

C) The State Department, the National Security Council, and the president all maintain the same foreign policy objectives and are careful not to have competing viewpoints.

D) The president focuses on long-term objectives, while the State Department and the National Security Council tend to focus on short-term goals.

E) The National Security Council tends to take a long-term view of world affairs, while the State Department focuses on short-term objectives.

16) Like the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency was formed in response to the beginning of what world event?

A) the Cold War

B) World War I

C) World War II

D) Cuban Missile Crisis

E) the Berlin Blockade

17) Which of the following came about as a result of the 9/11 Commission's findings?

A) creation of the House Intelligence Community

B) consolidation of all intelligence agencies under the CIA

C) creation of the post of director of national intelligence

D) less congressional and more executive oversight over national intelligence

E) All of these answers are correct.

18) In response to which conflict, in which the president used U.S. troops without a formal congressional declaration of war, did Congress pass the War Powers Act?

A) the Korean War

B) the Vietnam War

C) the Gulf War of 1990–1991

D) the Iraq War of 2003–2011

E) Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001–2014

19) With the passage of the War Powers Act, Congress limited presidential use of military force to ________ days.

A) 10

B) 30

C) 60

D) 120

E) 180

20) All of the following are congressional powers with respect to foreign relations EXCEPT

A) oversight and direction of military operations during a conflict.

B) treaty ratification.

C) confirmation of presidential appointees to ambassadorial posts.

D) confirmation of presidential appointees to cabinet positions.

E) control of the budget.

21) Which president first warned of the rising influence of the military-industrial complex?

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt

B) Harry S. Truman

C) Dwight D. Eisenhower

D) John F. Kennedy

E) Lyndon B. Johnson

22) Which of the following describes the members of the military-industrial complex?

A) U.S. armed forces, president, defense industry

B) defense industry, president, Congress

C) Congress, Department of Veterans Affairs, U.S. armed forces

D) president, Congress, Department of Defense

E) U.S. armed forces, defense industry, Congress

23) When did the U.S. government begin using the news media to promote its foreign policy priorities?

A) early 19th century

B) during the Civil War

C) late 19th century

D) early 20th century

E) late 20th century

24) Until the ________, news media worked hand in hand with the government, generally taking a highly patriotic and supportive stance.

A) Korean War

B) Vietnam War

C) First Gulf War

D) Kosovo Intervention

E) Iraq War of 2003

25) Generally, public opinion plays a(n) ________ role in shaping and influencing foreign policy in comparison to the role it plays in domestic issues.

A) extremely minor

B) small

C) very similar

D) more influential

E) dramatically greater

26) What term is used for the influence of domestic interests on foreign policy?

A) intermestics

B) inter-foreign relations

C) isolationism

D) interventionism

E) pre-emption

27) In drafting the Constitution, the founders sought which of the following in terms of foreign policy?

A) to insert the United States forcefully in world affairs

B) to develop a moderate position for the United States in world affairs that included regional hegemony

C) to forge alliances with the European powers

D) to expand the United States westward and southward as rapidly as possible

E) to remove the United States from world affairs

28) In his farewell address, President George Washington warned against membership in entangling alliances, generally keeping with the founders' foreign policy emphasis of

A) isolationism.

B) interventionism.

C) neutrality.

D) militarism.

E) pacifism.

29) What was the earliest primary activity of the United States in the international arena?

A) diplomacy

B) piracy

C) trade

D) war

E) colonization

30) During the Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), the United States sold raw materials and supplies to which of the following?

A) Britain

B) France

C) the Ottoman empire

D) Russia

E) all sides

31) In 1801, the United States went to war with which of the following after a number of U.S. ships were seized?

A) Britain

B) France

C) the Ottoman empire

D) the North African Barbary States

E) Spain

32) Throughout the early 18th century, which European power practiced impressments, or kidnapping, of U.S. sailors?

A) Britain

B) France

C) the Ottoman empire

D) the North African Barbary States

E) Spain

33) The early 19th-century view in American foreign policy circles that the United States should establish hegemony over its own hemisphere resulted in the declaration of what in 1823?

A) war against Spain

B) the Treaty of Ghent

C) the Monroe Doctrine

D) the Roosevelt Corollary

E) manifest destiny

34) Which European power supported the United States' role in the Americas as described by the Monroe Doctrine?

A) Britain

B) France

C) Holland

D) Spain

E) Portugal

35) Which president introduced the notion of the United States as an "international police power"?

A) William McKinley

B) Theodore Roosevelt

C) William Howard Taft

D) Woodrow Wilson

E) Herbert Hoover

36) Which system of international alliances dominated the world's foreign policy decisions from 1815 until 1918?

A) bilateral power

B) collective defense

C) balance of power

D) collective security

E) multilateral power

37) The League of Nations

A) proved quite effective in maintaining peace throughout the 1920 and 1930s.

B) did not have the United States as a member.

C) won enthusiastic support from the Senate.

D) embodied the idea of collective defense, but not collective security.

E) All of these answers are correct.

38) The Holocaust was perpetrated by which country?

A) France

B) Hungary

C) Poland

D) Russia

E) Germany

39) After World War II, which powers emerged as superpowers, leader nations with dominating influence in international affairs?

A) the Soviet Union and the United States

B) the United States and Britain

C) the United States and China

D) Britain and China

E) China and the Soviet Union

40) The U.S. program that provided the funds necessary for Western European countries to rebuild after World War II was known as the

A) League of Nations.

B) Roosevelt Corollary.

C) Monroe Doctrine.

D) Marshall Plan.

E) United Nations.

41) Which of the following best identifies the premise behind the creation of the United Nations?

A) manifest destiny

B) containment

C) collective security

D) globalism

E) interventionism

42) All of the following are permanent members of the UN Security Council, EXCEPT

A) France.

B) Italy.

C) China.

D) Russia.

E) Great Britain.

43) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an example of which of the following?

A) international financial organization

B) brinksmanship

C) détente

D) regional security alliance

E) mutually assured destruction

44) NATO was formed primarily to defend

A) the United States.

B) North America.

C) Western Europe.

D) Eastern Europe.

E) the Middle East.

45) What was the Soviet Union's response to the creation of NATO?

A) enactment of the policy of détente

B) refusal to sit on the United Nations Security Council

C) institution of the use of containment

D) formation of the Warsaw Pact

E) refusal to contribute to the Marshall Plan

46) Which of these international financial organizations regulates the monetary relationship among nations and establishes exchange rates for the world's major currencies?

A) World Bank

B) World Trade Organization

C) International Monetary Fund

D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

E) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

47) In 1995, the World Trade Organization replaced which of the following?

A) the World Bank

B) the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

C) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

D) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

E) the Bretton Woods Agreement

48) The "Iron Curtain" described the dominance of communism in which region?

A) Northern Europe

B) Western Europe

C) Southern Europe

D) Eastern Europe

E) Europe as a whole

49) Which Cold War policy was designed to prevent the spread of communism?

A) massive retaliation

B) engaged diplomacy

C) containment

D) détente

E) brinksmanship

50) The concept of limited war was first applied in which of the following conflicts?

A) World War I

B) World War II

C) Korean War

D) Vietnam War

E) First Gulf War

51) Which of the following events is the best example of brinkmanship?

A) the Korean War

B) the Cold War

C) the Cuban Missile Crisis

D) President Nixon's visit to China

E) the Vietnam War

52) Which presidential doctrine emphasized the responsibility of U.S. allies to provide for their own national defense and sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union and China, the two communist world powers?

A) the Truman Doctrine

B) the Eisenhower Doctrine

C) the Nixon Doctrine

D) the Carter Doctrine

E) the Reagan Doctrine

53) Détente is most associated with which president?

A) Harry Truman

B) Dwight Eisenhower

C) Lyndon Johnson

D) Richard Nixon

E) Ronald Reagan

54) Which of these agreements, signed in 1987, led to the first destruction of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union?

A) SALT I treaty

B) SALT II treaty

C) START talks

D) INF treaty

E) START II talks

55) The collapse of the Soviet Union began during the presidency of ________ and was completed during the presidency of ________.

A) Ronald Reagan; George H. W. Bush

B) Jimmy Carter; Ronald Reagan

C) Richard Nixon; Ronald Reagan

D) Jimmy Carter; George W. Bush

E) George H. W. Bush; Bill Clinton

56) After the collapse of the Soviet Union,

A) NATO disbanded.

B) communism continued to dominate Eastern Europe.

C) the Warsaw Pact was strengthened.

D) the number of independent states in Europe increased.

E) the influence of the European Union dwindled to nearly nothing.

57) Which presidential doctrine emphasized the right of the United States to take unilateral action against enemies?

A) the Eisenhower Doctrine

B) the Carter Doctrine

C) the Reagan Doctrine

D) the Clinton Doctrine

E) the Bush Doctrine

58) Samuel Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis holds that the greatest source of conflict now and in the future will be

A) between communism and capitalism.

B) between Asia and the West.

C) over differences in how to deal with climate change.

D) over differences in cultural and religious identity.

E) over differences in how to structure the global economy.

59) Which conflict saw the introduction of the concept of preventive war, the strategy of waging war on countries regarded as threats to avoid future conflicts?

A) the First Gulf War

B) the Bosnian Wars

C) the Kosovo Intervention

D) the invasion of Somalia

E) the Iraq War

60) Which of the following is an ongoing challenge for U.S. foreign policy in the 21st century?

A) terrorism

B) technology

C) rapid global climate change

D) human rights

E) All of these answers are correct.

61) In early 2014, Russia

A) annexed the Crimean Peninsula.

B) invaded Poland.

C) forced regime change in Ukraine.

D) reabsorbed the Baltic countries.

E) reconstituted the Warsaw Pact.

62) Which of the following countries does NOT possess nuclear weapons?

A) Pakistan

B) India

C) Israel

D) Iran

E) France

63) Which of the following was most instrumental in the organization of the populist uprisings against oppressive regimes that toppled governments in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011?

A) social networking technology

B) military overthrow of existing regimes

C) foreign intervention

D) door-to-door canvassing for support

E) None of these was instrumental in the populist uprisings.

64) Outline the important features of normal trade relations between the United States and other countries.

65) Define regime change as a foreign policy objective and identify examples of its application by the United States.

66) Compare and contrast the approaches of the Department of State and the National Security Council to global foreign policy issues.

67) Outline the creation of the position of director of national intelligence (DNI), and explain this position's function and responsibilities.

68) Explain the purpose and features of the War Powers Act of 1973.

69) Identify ways the media can influence the conduct and substance of foreign policy.

70) Explain why public opinion has little influence over the conduct of U.S. foreign policy.

71) Outline the important features of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

72) Explain the doctrine of mutual assured destruction (MAD).

73) Outline the Bush Doctrine and provide examples of its application.