Test Bank Docx Ethics In Social And Health Research Ch4 - Updated Test Bank | Research Methods in the Social and Health Sciences 1e by Palys by Ted Palys. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 4: Ethics in Social and Health Research
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is the first contemporary statement of research ethics to articulate ethical standards for conducting biomedical research involving human participants?
A. Declaration of Helsinki
B. Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Investigation
C. Nuremberg Code
D. APA code of ethics
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) infected 2,000 members of which population with syphilis?
A. sex workers in Amsterdam
B. Black men in Tuskegee, Alabama
C. Guatemalans
D. prisoners in the United States
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The regulatory system for ethics in the United States is embodied in what is known as ______.
A. the Common Rule
B. Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Investigation
C. the Common Law
D. APA code of ethics
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Common Rule
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The overextension of an ethics committee’s jurisdiction into areas that are not actually part of its mandate.
A. the Common Rule
B. ethics creep
C. conflict of role
D. gatekeeping
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Common Rule
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Our ______ is to do research in the best way we know how.
A. research obligation
B. scientific obligation
C. humanistic obligation
D. ethical obligation
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is The Research Worth Doing?
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Our ______is to treat people with dignity and to safeguard their interests.
A. research obligation
B. scientific obligation
C. humanistic obligation
D. ethical obligation
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is The Research Worth Doing?
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Giving participants honest and complete information prior to having them agree to participate in research.
A. participant information sheet
B. rapport
C. research-based protections
D. informed consent
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Which of the following groups did Lofland and Lejeune covertly observe without consent?
A. Alcoholics Anonymous
B. Tupperware parties
C. Narcotics Anonymous
D. college courses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. What did Humphrey covertly observe in the Tearoom Trade study?
A. drug deals at nightclubs
B. women at Tupperware parties
C. homosexual encounters in public washrooms
D. friends socializing in tearooms
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which researcher(s) tracked participants to their homes via license plate numbers?
A. Lofland and Lejeune
B. Humphrey
C. United States Public Health Service (USPHS)
D. Freud
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Which of the following social networking site engaged in a “mood manipulation” experiment, resulting in numerous queries into their ethical practices?
A. Instagram
B. Facebook
C. Twitter
D. TikTok
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. ______ means researchers take every precaution to ensure that identifiable information--information that can be linked to a specific source--is protected.
B. Confidentiality
C. Anonymity
D. The Common Rule
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. ______ is often touted as the primary ethical principle in the biomedical community, ______ is more often our priority concern in the social sciences and humanities.
A. Informed consent; confidentiality
B. Confidentiality; informed consent
C. Informed consent; anonymity
D. Confidentiality; anonymity
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The easiest way to protect the confidentiality of respondents is to allow ______, which means never obtaining or recording participants’ names in the first place.
A. pseudonyms
B. confidentiality
C. anonymity
D. encryption
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Procedural Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. You may protect the confidentiality of respondents by using ______, which are invented names that are used consistently for continuity.
A. pseudonyms
B. confidentiality
C. anonymity
D. encryption
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Procedural Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Researchers engaging in health research can protect participant confidentiality through ______.
A. legal protections
B. privacy certificates
C. certificates of confidentiality
D. statute-based protections
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statute-Based Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. ______ posits that participants should be protected through maintaining the confidentiality of their data.
A. The common rule
B. Research-based legislation
C. The common law
D. Statute-based protections
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statute-Based Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. When ______ are not available, researchers can end up in court where they are forced to argue through ______.
A. statute-based protections; the common law
B. the common law; the Common Rule
C. research-based protections; the common law
D. the common law; statute-based protections
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statute-Based Protections
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Participant information may be protected if the protection in written into law as ______.
B. research-based legislation
C. research-based protections
D. statute-based protections
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statute-Based Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. The U.S. cases regarding privilege in which things have gone badly for researchers they all failed to meet which Wigmore criteria?
A. The communications must originate in a confidence that they will not be disclosed.
B. This element of confidentiality must be essential to the full and satisfactory maintenance of the relation between the parties.
C. The injury that would inure to the relation by the disclosure of the communications must be greater than the benefit thereby gained for the correct disposal of litigation.
D. The relation must be one in which the opinion of the community ought to be sedulously fostered.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Anticipating the Wigmore Criteria
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. The Wigmore criteria include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. the communications must originate in a confidence that they will not be disclosed
B. this element of confidentiality must be essential to the full and satisfactory maintenance of the relation between the parties
C. the communications cannot involve an ongoing threat to human life
D. the relation must be one which in the opinion of the community ought to be sedulously fostered
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Anticipating the Wigmore Criteria
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Jaime is doing research on the parent/teacher relationship and has learned that one of their participants has a plot to frame someone for child abuse. Which of the following is a reason to limit confidentiality in this scenario?
A. (un)anticipated third party harm
B. protection of vulnerable populations
C. a realistic appraisal of the situation
D. mandatory reporting
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: (Un)Anticipated Third Party Harm
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Stacy lives in a state that requires that anyone who hears about a child in need of care because of ongoing abuse must report. This is called ______.
A. child protection services
B. protection of vulnerable populations
C. the Common Rule
D. mandatory reporting
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Mandatory Reporting
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Which state’s supreme court decision for reporting rules for therapists have been adopted by many other states?
A. Texas
B. California
C. New York
D. Ohio
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Mandatory Reporting
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Individuals who allow access to participants are referred to as ______.
A. research facilitator
B. research assistant
C. gatekeeper
D. doorkeeper
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Researcher Conflicts of Interest
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted syphilis studies on two separate populations.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Men involved in the Tuskegee syphilis study were given syphilis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The CIA sponsored a LSD/brainwashing experiment on psychiatric patients in Montreal in the 1960’s.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Individuals involved in research do not have an ethical right to keep information private.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Protecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. In social science, research informed consent is always required.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Informed Consent
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Some relationships have “privilege” and thus those engaged in that relationship may be exempt from the requirement to testify.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Asserting Privilege
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Census Bureau employees cannot publish or disclose any census or survey information that identifies an individual or business.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statute-Based Protections
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Professional codes of ethics and researcher codes of ethics never clash.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Conflicts of Role
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Compare and contrast the Tuskegee syphilis study with the Guatemala syphilis study.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Summarize the idea of research ethics and discuss how it has changed in the last 50 years.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formalizing Codes of Ethics
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Identify the role of formalized codes of ethics and the advantages and disadvantages of a formalized code.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Complexities in the Social Sciences
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Describe the role of the law in relation to ethical concerns.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Other Confidentiality Considerations
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Summarize potential conflicts of interests for researchers and potential ways to safeguard against this issue.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Researcher Conflicts of Interest
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Consider the biomedical horror stories discussed in your chapter. Detail the communities typically targeted for these unethical research projects and discuss the potential lasting impact that this history may have on researchers and participants in the present day.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Biomedical Horror Stories
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. You are a researcher who has just conducted a confidential interview with a participant in a study on people who are fascinated with serial killers. You are also an avid fan of podcast related to murder, and your interview with the participant suggests that they may be an elusive serial killer you just heard about. Apply what you know about confidentiality and the intersection of law and ethics.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Protecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
Connected Book
Updated Test Bank | Research Methods in the Social and Health Sciences 1e by Palys
By Ted Palys
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