Test Bank Docx Chapter.11 Media Literacy

CHAPTER 11

MEDIA LITERACY

1. The actors on TV shows like Pretty Little Liars and in movies like Transformers are carefully chosen, just as much for their looks as their acting ability. This demonstrates the often unacknowledged truth about media texts that they are all someone’s presentation of reality, or in other words, _______________.
   1. media messages are manufactured *
   2. commercial media are businesses
   3. all media content is value-neutral
   4. audiences are products in the mass communication process
   5. the audience is the medium in the mass communication process

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Most media content is ___________; that is, it is legitimately open to different interpretations.
   1. polysemic *
   2. polyspective
   3. multisemic
   4. multispective
   5. transformational

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. When the meaning we make from a piece of content is the same one the producer hoped we would make, we have made a(n) ___________ reading.
   1. actual
   2. negotiated
   3. consistent
   4. preferred *
   5. transformational

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. When the meaning we make from a piece of content differs from the one the producer encourages, we have made a(n) ___________ reading.
   1. actual
   2. negotiated *
   3. consistent
   4. preferred
   5. transformational

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. At a time when bad actors traffic in fake news to disrupt our democracy, an important element of news literacy is _________, judging the trustworthiness of a partisan news outlet .
   1. article evaluation
   2. claim verification
   3. determination of source reliability *
   4. judging claims on social media
   5. separating fact from fiction

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy and Democracy

1. At what age do people typically become media literate?
   1. We are born that way.
   2. Usually by the ages of 13-16.
   3. Usually by the ages of 17-20.
   4. Over 20.
   5. At no specific age; we educate ourselves about it and practice it. *

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Among other things, media literacy encourages the understanding of ­­­­­­­­_____________, that is, things like lighting, cinematography, and script writing.
   1. media conventions
   2. production values *
   3. economic constraints
   4. media mechanics
   5. media ethics

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Media literate people believe that media can affect people cognitively, attitudinally, and emotionally, physiologically, and ________________.
   1. Behaviorally *
   2. politically
   3. educationally
   4. unknowingly
   5. unethically

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Which of the following is true about media literacy?
2. Media can have both positive and negative effects on individuals. *
3. Media literacy and possible media effects are unrelated.
4. Media literacy is best taught in schools by trained professionals.
5. Say what you want about media literacy, but parents are the best guides to good TV watching.
6. Say what you want about media literacy, but schools are the best guides to good TV watching

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Parents, through __________, can help reduce their children’s level of materialism potentially generated by media advertisements.
2. active mediation *
3. concept-oriented communication
4. monitored media viewing
5. encouragement of non-media related activities
6. teaching ethics

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. The ___________ of the content creators should always be taken into account when interpreting media messages.
2. political leanings
3. accountability
4. prominence
5. motives *
6. nationality

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. You watch a TV commercial in which two women sit around giggling at how “fizzy” new Spritzy Wine in a Box makes their mouths feel. Rather than be moved to try the new beverage, you think the ad demeans women and the makers of Spritzy Wine should be ashamed of themselves. You have made a(n) _________ reading.
   1. actual
   2. negotiated *
   3. consistent
   4. authorized
   5. preferred

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Which of the following is among the skills of media-literate individuals?
2. Knowing when to use TV as opposed to other media.
3. The development of strategies for analyzing and discussing media messages. *
4. An understanding of the meaning of media messages through listening and interpreting.
5. The cultivation of a mainstreamed view of culture.
6. The ability to tell when content is produced in the US versus overseas.

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Which of the following is true about all media texts?
   1. Media messages are designed to entertain.
   2. Commercial media are businesses but they put civic duty above profit.
   3. All media content contains value messages. *
   4. Media have no negative impact upon audiences.
   5. Media messages are designed to inform.

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

15. It is the __________ values that are most often presented in media content.

a) consumers’

b) actors’

c) content producers’ *

d) government’s

e) elite’s

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

16. Participants in a single-shooter video game play from ___________ .

a) a personal point of view *

b) the victim’s point of view

c) the security camera’s point of view

d) the witness’s point of view

e) multiple points of view

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to be Media Literate?

1. Which of the following is best characterized as a hard news story?
2. The local school board is proposing a new math curriculum for high school students. *
3. Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie adopt their 14th child from Africa.
4. Actor Bill Cosby admits buying and using drugs to seduce women.
5. Lenny Kravitz made enough money from The Hunger Games to buy a new house.
6. Dr. Oz recommends plastic surgery is the way to go if you want to look young.

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Does It mean to Be Media Literate?

1. An important skill of media-literate individuals is paying close attention to media messages and being able to separate valued content from _________.
   1. propaganda
   2. news
   3. entertainment
   4. advertising
   5. noise *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Questions about content and credibility are questions of ____________.
   1. representations and reality *
   2. messages and meanings
   3. audience and authorship
   4. agenda-setting theory
   5. the dialectic

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. Questions about content, techniques, and interpretations are questions of ____________.
   1. representations and reality
   2. messages and meanings *
   3. audience and authorship
   4. agenda-setting theory
   5. the dialectic

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. ___________ represents a world of adultified and commodified children.
   1. Polysemy
   2. Kinderculture *
   3. Millenials
   4. Age theory
   5. Media multi-tasking

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy and Meaning Making

1. Media literate people believe that media content producers have a responsibility to produce ____________ and _____________media messages.
   1. effective/responsible *
   2. efficient/appropriate
   3. profitable/enjoyable
   4. accurate/negative
   5. profitable/elite-based

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. An important part of being media literate is being aware of the impact of the media on both the individual (the __________) and on society (the ________).
   1. macro-level/micro-level
   2. person/people
   3. micro-level/macro-level *
   4. people/person
   5. home level/away level

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. ___________ are content that comes from an ever-growing array of communication technologies such as the Internet, television, radio, video games, and smartphones and tablets.
   1. Representations
   2. Media literacies
   3. Media texts *
   4. Realities
   5. Soundbites

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Media literacy is the ability to read, interpret, ____________, and productively use media texts.
   1. respond to
   2. critically assess *
   3. intellectually challenge
   4. selectively ignore
   5. find argument with

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. __________ is/are formal or structured efforts to build specific media literacy skills.
   1. Media education
   2. Negotiated meanings
   3. Kinderventions
   4. Media training
   5. Media literacy interventions *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Tonya’s parents are quite concerned about how much TV she watches and what she’s taking away from all its commercials. So they devise a scheme where they actively discuss what’s going on in those commercials and how they promote materialism, even away from the TV, helping her become a more critical viewer of those commercial messages and what they represent. Tonya’s parents are engaging in ____________.
   1. active mediation
   2. concept-oriented communication *
   3. restrictive mediation
   4. co-viewing
   5. laissez-faire parenting

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. ___________ means setting rules on a child’s media use to control how much screen time he can have in a given day and limiting which programs he can watch.
   1. Active mediation
   2. Concept-oriented communication
   3. Restrictive mediation *
   4. Co-viewing
   5. Laissez-faire parenting

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Restrictive mediation and concept-oriented communication are drawn from___________, which stresses taking an active role in managing and regulating children’s interactions with media.
   1. media education efforts
   2. representations and reality
   3. messages and meanings
   4. parental mediation theory *
   5. social cognitive theory

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Agenda-setting theory argues that media may not always tell us___________, but they certainly tell us __________.
   1. what to think about/what to think
   2. what’s good/what’s bad
   3. what to think/what to think about *
   4. what’s bad/what’s good
   5. who’s in/who’s out

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. You watch a lot of media violence but you don’t go out and commit crime or hurt people, but you live in a world that is possibly more accepting of violence as a means of problem solving. These larger, cultural-level effects of media are ________ effects.
   1. micro-level
   2. macro-level *
   3. Kinderculture
   4. assimilated
   5. benign

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. When media content producers construct narratives, those narratives say something about the culture in which they are created, disseminated, and consumed. In other words, they are ___________ that provide insight into our contemporary culture and ourselves.
   1. models
   2. representations
   3. artifacts
   4. texts *
   5. presentations

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. You read online that your favorite candidate for governor was kicked out of college for painting racist slogans on a classmate’s car. But as a ___________ media consumer you ask questions that reach beyond the information provided in that story, looking at the author’s and site’s motives, interpretations, and credibility.
   1. suspicious
   2. critical *
   3. well-educated
   4. jaded
   5. multi-tasking

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Media Literacy and Meaning Making

1. Critics of advertising to children argue that kids’ brains are still developing, so they do not possess the same critical-thinking capacities as adults. They believe that advertising to children is inherently unethical because _______________.
   1. parents, not media, should be raising those kids
   2. school is the best place to learn about consumption
   3. of children’s inability to distinguish fact from fiction *
   4. kids aren’t yet media literate
   5. schools, not media should be teaching kids about products

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. When parenting expert KJ Dell'Antonia laments that “Disney has colonized your 3-year-old's brain. McDonald's has planted a flag in there, too, along with My Little Pony and Pepsi and even Toyota,” she is worried about the effects of children’s lifelong exposure to advertisements, in other words______________.
   1. media literacy interventions
   2. womb-to-tomb marketing *
   3. childhood obesity
   4. parental mediation
   5. hypercommercialism

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Of the following countries, only one, __________, refuses to prohibit or seriously restrict advertising to children.
   1. the United States *
   2. Australia
   3. Sweden
   4. Great Britain
   5. Norway

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Your Mom is seriously addicted to reality TV shows, especially those of the Real Housewives variety, the ones with the fighting, spitting, and wine-glass hurling. So you take it upon yourself to explain to her that these shows aren’t “reality” in any real sense. You tell her they are scripted; the so-called talent must audition; and the actors must all play their assigned role. By this act of intervention, you have become a(n) __________ media consumer.
   1. active
   2. proactive *
   3. meddling
   4. critical
   5. parental

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. You’re reading a magazine story about the now-debunked link between inoculations and autism and you ask yourself if the piece is fact, opinion, or something else, how credible it is, and what are its sources. You are asking questions of _____________.
   1. representations and reality *
   2. messages and meanings
   3. audience and authorship
   4. agenda-setting theory
   5. credibility and authority

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. Grey’s Anatomy is a pretty good TV show, you think, but you also find yourself thinking about the ideas, values, and points of view about hospitals and health care that it overtly and even implicitly expresses. You also wonder what is being left out of how it shows hospital life that might be important to know. You are asking questions of _____________.
   1. representations and reality
   2. messages and meanings *
   3. audience and authorship
   4. agenda-setting theory
   5. credibility and authority

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. You just love to play Candy Crush. It’s the one mobile game that keeps you glued to your phone for the entire bus ride to school. But you start to think, “Who made this game? Why was it made? How’s is it paid for?” You are asking questions of _____________.
   1. representations and reality
   2. messages and meanings
   3. audience and authorship *
   4. agenda-setting theory
   5. credibility and authority

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. Research has shown that asking adolescent media consumers to ____________ after watching content featuring prosocial media characters can move them to show higher levels of empathy and a greater inclination toward altruism.
   1. talk to media experts
   2. talk to media literacy coaches
   3. simply reflect *
   4. engage in critical viewing
   5. question the text

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. The Internet-specific form of parental mediation, ____________, argues that parents, by joining their kids in Internet use and other activities such as searching for information, gaming, and social networking, can strengthened their relationship with their kids while teaching them better Internet habits.
   1. active mediation
   2. participatory learning *
   3. restrictive mediation
   4. co-viewing
   5. digital directing

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. “Media literacy” is often used interchangeably with__________, which involves incorporating media analysis skills into learning environments such as school curricula or parenting.
   1. media education *
   2. intervention
   3. literacy instruction
   4. school mediation
   5. teacher tutoring

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Because media messages frequently tell females in particular that they must be thin and beautiful to achieve social acceptability, social science has been able to demonstrate a relationship between media, __________, and eating disorders.
   1. bulimia
   2. dating
   3. negative body image *
   4. parental involvement
   5. lack of popularity

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. At a time when anyone with an Internet connection can report “the news,” real or fake, an important element of news literacy is _________, determining the trustworthiness of a news source.
   1. article evaluation *
   2. claim verification
   3. determination of source reliability
   4. judging claims on social media
   5. separating fact from fiction

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy and Democracy

1. Because no one is born media literate, it’s clear that media literacy is a skill that __________.
   1. might be hereditary
   2. is developed *
   3. is best left to older media consumers
   4. should be taught in schools
   5. should be taught by parents and family

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. The undeniable fact that an antagonistic foreign power, Russia, used fake news on the Internet to disrupt our democracy, has given great urgency to the importance of a specialized form of media literacy, _____________.
   1. literacy of journalism
   2. Internet literacy
   3. news literacy *
   4. restrictive mediation
   5. consciousness training

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Media Literacy and Democracy

1. Media literacy researchers have demonstrated the ___________ effect, that is, the cognitive and emotional assumption of idealism that can occur after reflection on media content featuring prosocial characters which closes the gap between identifying with fictional characters and emulating them in real life.
   1. Patch Adams
   2. E.R.
   3. Dead Poets Society
   4. Don Quixote *
   5. Marshall McLuhan

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: What Is Media Literacy?

1. Critics contend that one reason that Americans are largely unaware of the number of kids in their country living in poverty is because media tend not to make it a story. If true, this is an example of the operation of ___________.
   1. representations and reality
   2. messages and meanings
   3. audience and authorship
   4. agenda-setting theory *
   5. relational dialectics theory

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Recognizing that commercial media are businesses, media literate individuals understand that the media’s first priority is ______________.
   1. operating according to the precepts of Social Responsibility Theory
   2. turning a profit, not informing or entertaining their audiences *
   3. meeting the regulatory demands of various government agencies
   4. attracting the largest possible audiences possible

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

SHORT ANSWER

1. Explain the agenda-setting theory and offer an example of its operation using an issue in the news today.

Main theme: The very presence or absence of a story dictates whether that story is important according to the news organization airing it. In fact, news is only news if news people tell us it’s news.

Answer must have: Accurate description of the theory: media may not always tell us what to think, but they certainly tell us what to think about. Offered example must make sense.

Answer may have: Mention of messages being manufactured, media are businesses, and messages contain value messages.

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. Define and distinguish between preferred reading and negotiated reading. Offer how a single piece of content can produce both types.

Main theme: Because most media content is polysemic, legitimately open to different interpretations, when we choose to consume a given piece of content, we should make sure we are applying the interpretation that best meets our needs.

Answer must have: Correct definition of both concepts (creator-favored vs. audience-member created) and example must make sense.

Answer may have: Connection to media literacy; specifically, media-literate people develop critical thinking skills enabling them to make independent choices about which media content to select and how to interpret the information they receive through the media.

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. What is the difference between a passive, active, and proactive consumer? Take a single piece of content and show how someone at each level might deal with it.

Main theme: Media literacy is a skill that not only must be developed, but naturally, people can get better at it or practice it at different levels of skill.

Answer must have: Correct distinction of the 3 levels: no skill, practices skill for self, helps others with the skill. Example must make sense.

Answer may have: Commentary on responsibility to be proactive.

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Distinguish between micro-level and macro-level media effects. Offer an example of each. Why do media literate individuals make this distinction?

Main theme: Media literate people recognize that media have influence at the individual and at the larger cultural or social level.

Answer must have: Correct explanation of both concepts (effects at the individual level vs effects at the cultural level) and example must make sense (violence, sexually suggestive content, and body ideal are likely sources).

Answer may have: Commentary on causing effects vs influence in cultural understanding or acceptance.

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

1. Explain why it makes sense for the Mass Communication chapter to precede the Media Literacy chapter in your textbook.

Main theme: Media literate people recognize that mass communication is a process.

Answer must have: Argument for the importance of first understanding how media industries work, the impact and priorities of those industries, and the relationship between audiences and the mass media before true media literacy can be achieved.

Answer may have: Mention of messages being manufactured, media are businesses, and messages contain value messages.

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?

ESSAY

1. Media literacy advocates argue that understanding media should be must for all citizens in a democratic society. If so, how does our understanding of media allow us to participate as citizens in a democratic society? How does our understanding of media affect the decisions we make regarding how we believe our society operates and how it should operate? Use examples to support your answer.

Main theme: Media are important, maybe the most important creators and mediators of social knowledge.

Answer must have: Answers will vary, but there should be mention of the necessity of meaningful and accurate information for self-governance and how media literacy aids in understanding the ways the media represent reality, the techniques they employ, and the ideologies embedded within their representations. Examples must make sense.

Answer may have: Mention of multiple tongues and antagonistic voices or agenda-setting theory.

A-head: Media Literacy and Meaning Making

1. The term kinderculture “describes a world of adultified and commodified children.” But is it really such a big deal? Don’t parents have some say in how and how fast their kids grow up? Defenders of advertising to children make these very arguments. Now you weigh in. Is advertising to children fair? Does it pose an ethical dilemma? How would you deal with advertising to your kids should you be or ever become a parent?

Main theme: Kinderculture is a culture in which corporations construct our childhood. It i the idea that our modern media constantly present children with messages that disregard childhood altogether.

Answer must have: Answers will vary, but there must be the recognition of what Kinderculture is, what the concerns surrounding it are, and its possible outcomes. In answering if it is or isn’t a big deal, arguments must make sense. Media literacy should be invoked somewhere, especially in how respondent would raise own kids.

Answer may have: Mention of womb to tomb advertising or media literacy interventions.

A-head: Media Literacy and Meaning Making

1. Communication scholar James Potter identified four common themes where there was general agreement about media literacy and its purpose. What were those four areas of agreement? Offer an example of each.

Main theme: Media literacy is an established interest in communication research and theory and it has clarified a number of issues surrounding media/audience interaction.

Answer must have: Accurate listing and explanation of 4 areas of agreement: media can have wide range of positive and negative effects; the purpose of media literacy is to help people protect themselves from the potentially negative effects; media literacy must be developed; media literacy is multidimensional). Examples must make sense.

Answer may have: Mention of interventions or of effects issues from the previous chapter.

A-head: What is Media Literacy?

1. The National Association for Media Literacy Education outlines several core principles of media literacy and in doing so, suggests a number of key questions we should ask when we analyze media messages. What are those key questions? What issues does each entail? Take a piece of content (not a video game) and subject it to this recommended analysis.

Main theme: Asking questions of media’s texts is a convenient way to engage content, moving from passive consumption to proactive, critical consumption and becoming media literate.

Answer must have: Accurate rendition of NAMLE’s key questions: of audience and authorship (authorship, purpose, economics, impact, response), messages and meanings (content, techniques, interpretations), and representations and realities (content, credibility). Analysis must make sense.

Answer may have: Mention of messages being manufactured, media are businesses, and messages contain value messages.

A-head: Media Literacy Questions

1. Communication scholar Art Silverblatt identified seven elements necessary for true media literacy. List all seven and then choose the one you think is most necessary for true media literacy. Defend your answer.

Main theme: Media literate individuals exhibit a number of characteristics.

Answer must have: Accurate listing of 7 characteristics: critical thinking skills enabling people to make independent choices about which media content to select and how to interpret the information they receive; an understanding of the process of mass communication; an awareness of the impact of the media on both individuals and society; the development of strategies for analyzing and discussing media messages; an awareness of media content as “text” that provides insight into contemporary culture and ourselves; the cultivation of enhanced enjoyment, understanding, and appreciation of media content; recognition of responsibility to produce effective and responsible media messages. From there answers will vary, but defense of chosen characteristic must make sense.

Answer may have: Mention of messages being manufactured, media are businesses, and messages contain value messages.

A-head: What Does It Mean to Be Media Literate?