Test Bank Docx – Chapter 13 | Test Bank Human Impact On The

Chapter 13 Test Bank: Human Impact on the Environment Key

1. The specific place of an organism in an ecosystem is called its

A. biome.
B. environment.
C. niche.
D. trophic level.

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

2. Water pollution is widespread because

A. water has a very low tolerance to either natural or artificial contaminants.
B. once a stream or lake is polluted; there is no way to restore it to usable quality.
C. increasing world aridity limits the number of water sources that can be used for waste disposal.
D. water so easily receives the wastes of agriculture, industry, and cities.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

3. Air pollution

A. is caused primarily by burning fossil fuels.
B. is not a significant problem in developing countries.
C. first occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution and the use of fossil fuels by factories.
D. may have serious consequences for human health but rarely affects plant life.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

4. An example of a point as opposed to a non-point source of water pollution is

A. an animal feedlot.
B. an agricultural field.
C. a sewage plant.
D. a highway.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

5. The Aral Sea has lost much of its water to

A. evaporation.
B. global warming.
C. thermal pollution.
D. irrigation.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

6. A temperature inversion

A. occurs when air temperature decreases with height above the earth's surface.
B. typically lasts for several weeks.
C. decreases the effects of air pollution through dilution.
D. can trap air pollutants near the surface, causing serious human health effects.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

7. All of the following statements about pesticides are true EXCEPT

A. long term effects of their usage is not known.
B. they are most effective on resistant, as opposed to high-yielding, varieties of plants.
C. very few of their ingredients have been reviewed for safety by the EPA.
D. they can leach into aquifers long after the chemicals are no longer used.

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

8. The biosphere is composed of

A. the troposphere, hydrosphere, and the upper portions of the earth's upper crust.
B. the stratosphere, the living organic world, and the absorbable minerals of the earth's crust.
C. water, phosphorus, and carbon.
D. solar energy, the earth's crust, and living organisms.

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

9. Acid rain has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT

A. a decline in fish populations in thousands of lakes and streams.
B. global warming.
C. reduced rates of forest growth.
D. the corrosion and discoloration of buildings and statues.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

10. The most critical concern regarding the disposal of radioactive wastes is that

A. dumping wastes at sea has resulted in contamination of the oceans.
B. injecting the waste into deep wells can trigger earthquakes.
C. no country has constructed a safe, permanent method of disposal.
D. burying wastes on land has led to contamination via leaks from the barrels.

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

11. All of the following statements about decomposers are true EXCEPT that they

A. feed on the remains of other organisms.
B. break down radioactive wastes.
C. release nutrients for reuse in the food chain.
D. play an essential part in the cycle of life.

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

12. Which of the following places the greatest demand on freshwater supplies?

A. waste disposal
B. households and cities
C. industrial production
D. irrigated agriculture

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

13. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the type and degree of air pollution found at a given place?

A. wind patterns
B. ozone layer
C. topography
D. level of industrialization

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

14. In the process of biological magnification, the most threatened trophic level is the

A. decomposer.
B. ultimate consumer.
C. herbivore.
D. initial consumer.

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

15. Which of the following is NOT an effective means of reducing the impact of solid waste on the environment?

A. reducing the volume of waste that is generated
B. recycling household solid waste
C. reusing materials rather than discarding them
D. all of the above are effective means of reducing the environmental impact of solid wastes

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

16. All of the following statements about photochemical smog are true EXCEPT that it

A. is associated with respiratory problems.
B. is more severe in the winter than in the summer months.
C. results chiefly from oxides of nitrogen.
D. characterizes the Los Angeles basin much of the year.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

17. The construction of dams, canals, and reservoirs

A. does not affect stream flow.
B. reduces the sediment load downstream.
C. decreases the salinity of the soil.
D. increases the amount of nutrients available for crops and fish.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

18. Ozone layer depletion is believed to be caused chiefly by

A. ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
B. buildup of carbon dioxide.
C. particulate pollution.
D. chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

19. Which of the following statements about mining is NOT true?

A. It contributes to both water and air pollution.
B. In terms of tonnage, it is the single greatest contributor to solid wastes.
C. Its negative affects can be minimized by switching from sub-surface mining to surface mining.
D. It disrupts wildlife habitats.

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Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

20. Which of the following is NOT an exotic species that has caused unforeseen ecological disruption where it has been introduced, whether accidentally or deliberately?

A. zebra mussels
B. Asian gypsy moth
C. rabbits
D. all of the above have caused ecological disruption

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

21. All of the following statements about eutrophication are true EXCEPT

A. symptoms of a eutrophic lake include prolific weed growth and fish kills.
B. it occurs naturally when nutrients in the surrounding area are washed into the water.
C. acid rain is a chief contributor of excess nutrients to water bodies.
D. accelerated eutrophication often results from agricultural runoff.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

22. Which of the following statements about solid waste is NOT true?

A. Recycling has little effect on the volume of solid waste that must be land filled or incinerated.
B. Because of high collection costs, recycling is rarely practiced in developing countries.
C. Society has always been faced with problems of discarding materials that are no longer needed.
D. Every method of disposing of solid waste has an impact on the environment.

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

23. Projected increasing levels of water consumption pose potential problems of

A. overload of disposal systems and shift of industrial activity to seacoast locations.
B. overload of groundwater supplies and growing demand for bottled water.
C. regional water shortages and limitations on agricultural and urban expansion.
D. reduction in precipitation and increased desertification.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

24. The number of people worldwide who lack access to adequate water supplies is estimated to be

A. nearly zero due to technological advances.
B. over 500 million.
C. over 2 billion.
D. over 5 billion.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

25. Places where thermal pollution causes fish to die are typically

A. near the equator.
B. in the vicinity of warm ocean currents.
C. in areas of bright sunlight and shallow waters.
D. near electric power plants.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

26. Which of the following laws or treaties focused primarily on the problem of acid rain?

A. Montreal Protocol.
B. Clean Air Act.
C. Kyoto Protocol
D. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

27. All of the following statements about the greenhouse effect are true EXCEPT that it

A. occurs when there is a low level of carbon dioxide in the air.
B. is caused by the burning of fossil fuels and the accumulation of other gases in the air.
C. could result in a global warming trend.
D. slows down the reradiation of heat from earth back into space.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

28. Human introductions and extinctions of plant and animal species

A. have reduced to insignificance the floral and faunal differences between continents.
B. may result in unforeseen alterations to the original natural environment and to the economic potential of an area.
C. are, in relation to the immense natural diversity of plant and animal life, insignificant and easily matched by naturally occurring changes.
D. are the immediate cause of locally serious desertification and salinization problems.

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

29. Of the landforms produced by excavation, which has probably had the greatest environmental impact?

A. canals
B. surface mining
C. underground mining
D. chalk pits

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Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

30. The most common method of disposing of municipal solid waste in the United States is

A. by incineration.
B. in open dumps.
C. by recycling.
D. in sanitary landfills.

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

31. All of the following statements about soil erosion are true EXCEPT that it is

A. exacerbated by population growth.
B. caused by both wind and running water.
C. accelerated when land is cleared of its natural vegetative cover.
D. on a worldwide basis balanced by the continuous soil-forming processes.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

32. Which of the following statements about sanitary landfills is correct?

A. Most landfills produce leachate liquids which must be captured so that it does not contaminate the groundwater.
B. Municipal landfills are easy to site, compared to recycling plants.
C. Landfill capacity has kept pace with population growth.
D. Many landfills have been closed because of concern over air pollution.

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

33. Which of the following would NOT be an example of how people have disrupted wildlife habitats?

A. using a tidal marsh as a landfill
B. erecting fences to protect cattle
C. killing elephants for their ivory tusks
D. burning a forest to plant crops

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

34. In the food chain, the only organisms that produce their own food are

A. carnivores.
B. herbivores.
C. bacteria.
D. plants.

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

35. Which is NOT true of the Gulf of Mexico dead zone?

A. Fish, crabs, and other aquatic creatures cannot survive.
B. Its size varies from year to year.
C. It is located near the mouth of the Mississippi River.
D. It is largely the result of sewage dumping by large cities along the Mississippi River.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

36. Channelization refers to

A. the addition of arsenic to water.
B. the construction of dikes and embankments to control floodwaters and improve navigation.
C. the depletion of atmospheric ozone.
D. soil erosion in mountain streams.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

37. The Ogallala Aquifer is

A. a vast system of canals in the Everglades.
B. a source of groundwater in Florida that is being depleted faster than it is naturally renewed.
C. a source of groundwater in the Great Plains that is being depleted faster than it is naturally renewed.
D. a geologic formation that is ideal for storage of high-level hazardous waste.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

38. The gradual accumulation of nutrients in lakes is called

A. nutrification.
B. biocidification.
C. fertilization.
D. eutrophication.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

39. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 called for global efforts to

A. reduce acid rain.
B. control ocean pollution.
C. halt global warming.
D. stop the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

40. Pollutants that chemically react with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to form strong acids that contaminate rain include

A. hydrocarbons and inert gases.
B. PCB's and DDT.
C. oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.
D. halogens and halons.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

41. Sulfurous emissions emitted in __________ are carried by prevailing winds and cause acid rain in ________.

A. California/Rocky Mountains
B. The Lower Mississippi River Valley/Florida
C. California/Pacific Northwest
D. The Lower Great Lakes and Ohio River Valley regions/New England

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

42. The agreement that calls for global efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases is known as the

A. 1979 Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution.
B. Montreal Protocol of 1987.
C. Clean Air Act of 1990.
D. Kyoto Protocol of 1997.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

43. Acid rain

A. can cause problems hundreds of kilometers downwind of its source.
B. occurs when heated wastewaters are returned to the environment.
C. occurs because water expands as its temperature increases.
D. refers to oxygen-deficient water.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

44. What gas in the stratosphere prevents dangerous intensities of ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth's surface?

A. ozone
B. hydrogen
C. argon
D. nitrogen

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

45. Which of the following is NOT a major consequence of acid rain?

A. destruction of limestone statues
B. forest damage
C. soil erosion
D. loss of fish populations in parts of the U.S., Canada, and Scandinavia

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

46. The largest volumes of transboundary shipments of hazardous wastes are exported from _______ to ________.

A. Africa/the United States
B. developing countries/developed countries
C. developed countries/developing countries
D. Europe/the United States

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

47. Which of the following is not part of the biosphere?

A. troposphere
B. earth's crust
C. hydrosphere
D. earth's inner core

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

48. Which one of the following is an example of a non-point source of water pollution?

A. sewage treatment plant
B. road salt
C. power generating plant
D. coal mine

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

49. Which of the following is NOT a primary source of air pollutants?

A. ammonia
B. carbon dioxides
C. hydrocarbons
D. nitrogen oxides

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

50. Electronic telecommunication devices have provided a major benefit to the environment by eliminating paper waste without creating new solid waste disposal issues.

FALSE

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

51. Because of world urbanization, agriculture is no longer the main consumer of water.

FALSE

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

52. The primary source of primary air pollutants in the United States is industry.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

53. High-level radioactive waste is most commonly disposed of in municipal incinerators.

FALSE

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

54. One reason why water pollution exists today is that humans are introducing pollutants that cannot be broken down at all by natural mechanisms or that take a very long time to break down.

TRUE

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

55. Although widely used, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DDT are biodegradable and do not remain long in the food chain.

FALSE

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

56. Transportation is the leading source of primary air pollutants in the United States.

TRUE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

57. Eutrophication is an artificial process that does not occur in lakes unless there is a strong human influence.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Water

58. Ozone is a noxious pollutant at both ground level and high in the stratosphere.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

59. Pesticides, by their selective action, have largely eliminated targeted insects as agricultural problems.

FALSE

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

60. There is an abundance of water to support more people than we have now on the earth. The problem is the distribution of water as some parts of the world receive more than others.

TRUE

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

61. While oxides of nitrogen are responsible for the formation of acid rain, sulfur oxides are the chief cause of photochemical smog.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

62. The ozone layer is being depleted because of increasing agricultural activities in the Amazon Basin of South America where rainforests are being cleared to make room for farmers and ranchers.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

63. In the U.S. air is much cleaner now than it was when the Clean Air Act was first passed.

TRUE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

64. Photochemical smog is found only in cities in the developed world.

FALSE

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

65. What is the process by which certain chemicals accumulate at higher levels in the food chain?

Biological magnification

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

66. Why can exotic species be damaging to ecosystems?

Exotic species do not have the natural biological controls of diseases and predators; so they can consume or out compete native species.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

67. What atmospheric condition, associated with smog, occurs when air at lower altitudes is colder than air aloft?

Temperature inversion

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

68. What gas, emitted chiefly by burning fossil fuels, is thought by many to be the main cause of a future warming trend around the world?

Carbon dioxide

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

69. Explain the causes and symptoms of eutrophication.

Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment of water bodies) can occur naturally but is speeded by artificial enrichment sources, such as nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizers. Algae grow abundantly, the level of dissolved oxygen in the water decreases as the algae is decomposed, and fish and plants intolerant of poorly oxygenated water are eliminated.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

70. What factors make some areas have more seriously polluted air than others?

Air pollution at a given place is determined by weather and climate, wind patterns and topography (affecting whether pollutants will accumulate or disperse), and by pollutant production (population and traffic densities, levels of urbanization and industrialization). Areas can receive pollutants from distant sources.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

71. How do people help produce landforms?

Mining, agriculture, and construction all involve excavation and produce such landforms as pits, ponds, ridges, subsidence depressions, and canals. Landforms produced by dumping include spoil piles, the tells of the Middle East, agricultural terraces, and landfills.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

72. What are some of the ways that environmental regulations have contributed to improved environmental quality in the United States?

Answers will vary

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

73. You have been hired by the city council of a newly incorporated suburb to inform it about alternative systems of solid-waste disposal. Briefly summarize the points you would make in your report.

Distinguish between hazardous and nonhazardous waste; advantages and disadvantages of burial at sea, sanitary landfills or open dumps, and incineration. For hazardous waste, injection into wells or encasement and burial at sea or in the earth, should mention reducing volume of waste.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

74. Draw a diagram of a food web

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

75. What has happened to the Aral Sea in the last 50 years?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

76. What are the agricultural sources of water pollution?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

77. Explain the formation of acid rain, where it occurs, and its consequences.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

78. Explain how knowledge of prevailing wind patterns can help explain the spatial patterns of acid rain in the U.S. and Europe.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

79. Explain how agriculture can have a negative effect on water quality.

Agricultural runoff can contain fertilizers, biocides, and animal wastes.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

80. What are some factors that contribute to a species being threatened or endangered?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

81. What is the environmental significance of Yucca Mountain?

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

82. Explain the causes and significance of the "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico.

Agricultural runoff, rich in nutrients drains from the Mississippi River basin into the Gulf of Mexico. The nutrients encourage algal blooms which in turn die and decompose, leading to oxygen depletion. Fish, crabs and other aquatic organisms cannot survive in the low oxygen waters.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

83. What are the names of two types of mining used for extracting coal in the U.S.?

Surface and strip mining.

Gradable: manual
Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

84. Explain the process of eutrophication

Eutrophication is the enrichment of water by nutrients from surrounding agricultural lands. When there is excess nutrients from fertilizers it encourages the growth of algae and blocks the sun rays to enter the water. Fish and other organisms die quickly.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

85. Explain the terms in the IPAT equation. Using examples from different world regions, explain how the equation highlights the differences between cultures in their level of environmental impact.

Answers will vary.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

86. What factors are missing from the IPAT equation that might help explain a culture group's level of environmental impact?

Answers will vary. Examples might be a group's environmental attitudes and knowledge of the environment and the sensitivity of the local environment.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate
Gradable: manual
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

87. Water is redistributed through the hydrologic cycle by all except

A. respiration.
B. evaporation.
C. precipitation.
D. transpiration.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

88. Which of the following would be a producer (or autotroph) in the food chain?

A. Humans
B. Plants
C. Bacteria
D. Fish

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

89. Which of the following is not a symptom of eutrophication?

A. Fish kills
B. Large masses of algae
C. Prolific weed growth
D. Excessively high oxygen levels

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

90. Dams and reservoirs are responsible for all except

A. introduction of exotic species.
B. increases in salinity of soil.
C. reduction in the amount of nutrients downstream.
D. subsidence.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

91. According to the map in Figure 13.6, which of the following countries has less than 10,001 cubic feet per capita of renewable water resources?

A. Australia
B. Canada
C. China
D. Brazil

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

92. Worldwide, which activity accounts for the greatest percentage of freshwater usage?

A. Mining
B. Industry
C. Agriculture
D. Urbanization

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

93. Aside from overhunting, the main cause of animal species extinction has been

A. biological magnification.
B. loss or alteration of wildlife habitats.
C. introduction of exotic species.
D. water pollution.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

94. The largest underground water supply in the U.S. is located in the

A. Florida everglades.
B. Great Lakes basin.
C. high plains from South Dakota to west Texas.
D. Tennessee valley.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

95. Which activity contributes to water pollution more than any other throughout the world?

A. Hydroelectric power generation
B. Agriculture
C. Industry
D. Urbanization

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

96. An example of high-level radioactive waste, which can remain radioactive for 10,000 years and more, is

A. detergent wastes.
B. organic solvents.
C. pharmaceutical waste.
D. spent nuclear power reactor fuel assemblies.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

97. The three main types of pollutants found in agricultural runoff are

A. animal wastes, biocides, and fertilizers.
B. animal wastes, sediment, and inorganic solvents.
C. biocides, e-coli bacteria, and organic solvents.
D. biocides, herbicides, and pesticides.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

98. The herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture that can kill living organisms are collectively called

A. biogenetics.
B. biomass.
C. biocides.
D. biosphere.

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

99. An aquifer is

A. a pipeline which transports water to urban areas.
B. responsible for 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in the United States.
C. the cause of regional water shortages.
D. an underground zone of water-saturated sands and gravels.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

100. What is the second largest expenditure for most local governments in the United States?

A. Wetlands protection
B. Solid-waste disposal
C. Air quality monitoring
D. Endangered species protection

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

101. What is the primary source of air pollution in the United States?

A. Industry
B. Transportation
C. Solid waste incineration
D. Fuel combustion from stationary sources

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

102. Channelization refers to

A. the artificial means of straightening or widening river flow.
B. recycling of treated water back into a river.
C. extraction of groundwater to farmlands.
D. deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

103. The most common method of solid waste disposal in the United States is

A. recycling.
B. incineration.
C. sanitary landfills.
D. ocean dumping.

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

104. An exotic species is a plant or animal that

A. is very rare.
B. is released into a foreign ecosystem.
C. is very expensive to purchase.
D. lives in a tropical climate.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

105. Acid rain contamination along the eastern seaboard of the United States is blamed primarily on

A. increased automobile emissions from states like California.
B. global warming.
C. midwestern coal burning power stations and industries.
D. recent major volcanic eruptions in Asia.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

106. Depletion of the earth's ozone layer is expected to lead to all of the following consequences except

A. increases in the incidence of skin cancer.
B. increases in human vulnerability to a variety of infectious diseases.
C. more frequent and violent hurricanes.
D. threatening the existence of plankton at the base of the marine food chain.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

107. The single greatest contributor to solid wastes is

A. agriculture.
B. mining.
C. tourism.
D. municipalities.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

108. What term refers to the self-sustaining units that consist of all the organisms and physical features existing together in a particular area?

A. Niche
B. Food chain
C. Ecosystem
D. Biosphere

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

109. Which of the following is the greatest contributor to ozone depletion?

A. Chloroflurorocarbons (CFCs)
B. Methyl bromide
C. Halons
D. Fertilizers

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

110. Which atmospheric conditions promote the development of photochemical smog?

A. High winds
B. Hot, sunny conditions
C. Precipitation
D. Cold, overcast conditions

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

111. An industrial plant that discharges warm water into a lake is causing what type of pollution?

A. Non-point source pollution
B. Leachate pollution
C. Low-level hazardous waste pollution
D. Thermal pollution

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

112. E-waste refers to

A. discarded consumer electronic products.
B. E. coli entering water systems.
C. fertilizers that cause eutrophication.
D. energy-related waste from the extraction and processing of coal and petroleum.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

113. What type of liquid is formed when precipitation mixes with decomposing solid waste materials?
A. Halons
B. Nitrates
C. Leachate
D. Acid rain

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

114. The settling or sinking of a portion of land due to the extraction of material from beneath the ground is known as

A. excavation.
B. subsidence.
C. erosion.
D. subduction.

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Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

115. The specific place of an organism in an ecosystem is called its

A. habitat.
B. biosphere.
C. niche.
D. trophic level.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

116. The major cause of "dead zones" in seas and oceans is

A. PCBs entering the waterways.
B. thermal pollution.
C. excessive sediment runoff.
D. high levels of nutrients from agricultural runoff.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

117. More than 90 percent of the sewage in the developing world is disposed of by

A. incineration.
B. recycling.
C. dumping into bodies of water.
D. burying in landfills.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

118. Enough rain and snow fall on the continents each year to cover the earth's total land area with _____ inches of water.

A. 3
B. 13
C. 23
D. 33

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

119. Formerly the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, as a result of water diversion this sea now has less than half its original surface area.

A. Caspian Sea
B. Aral Sea
C. Black Sea
D. Red Sea

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

120. What toxic liquid is being used to separate gold from earth and rock in Brazil?
A. Mercury
B. Crude oil
C. Vinyl chloride
D. Cyanide

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

121. In 1972, which two countries signed a water quality agreement that established regulations to clean up the world's largest freshwater system?

A. China and India
B. Brazil and Argentina
C. United States and Canada
D. Switzerland and Austria

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Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water
Topic: Human Impact on Water

122. When air aloft is warmer than air at the surface of the earth, causing pollutants to accumulate in the lowest layer rather than blow away, the condition is known as a(n)

A. atmospheric anomaly.
B. temperature inversion.
C. ozone alert day.
D. tropopause.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

123. Species that are present in such low numbers that they are in immediate jeopardy of becoming extinct in the wild are said to be

A. vulnerable.
B. defenseless.
C. jeopardized.
D. endangered.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

124. Areas with an exceptionally high number of endemic species and are also at high risk of disruption by human activities are known as

A. hot spots.
B. danger zones.
C. areas of extinction.
D. altered landscapes.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

125. In Central and West Africa, the main threat to species such as the elephant, rhinoceros, and mountain gorilla, is

A. pollution.
B. habitat disruption.
C. contamination.
D. hunting.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

126. In the United States, which state is home to the highest number of endangered species?

A. Alaska
B. Hawaii
C. California
D. Florida

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

127. The accumulation of a chemical in the fatty tissue and its concentration at progressively higher levels in the food chain is called

A. chemical compounding.
B. organism exposure.
C. biological magnification.
D. exotic accumulation.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

128. The most significant piece of biodiversity legislation in the United States, which has saved the bald eagle from extinction, is

A. Toxic Substances Control Act (1986).
B. The Endangered Species Act (1973).
C. Pollution Prevention Act (1990).
D. Clean Air Act (1963).

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Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals
Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity

129. Which of the following lists the three methods of solid-waste disposal in proper order, based on the percentage of waste disposed in the United States?

A. Landfills, incineration, recycling
B. Landfills, recycling, incineration
C. Incineration, landfills, recycling
D. Recycling, incineration, landfills

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

130. Located between Hawaii and Japan are two enormous stretches of floating debris that together are known as the

A. Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
B. Pacific Island Wasteland.
C. Pacific Rubbish Realm.
D. Great Watery Waste.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

131. Which of the following is not part of the biosphere?

A. Crust
B. Hydrosphere
C. Asthenosphere
D. Troposphere

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Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

132. Which of the following identifies the three factors influencing the degree of human impact on the environment, as measured through the IPAT equation?

A. Population, affluence, technology
B. Pollution, affordability, transnational corporations
C. Pricing, age, threshold
D. Point source, agglomeration, tertiary activity

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.01 Ecosystems
Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans

133. The thin layer of clean air just above the earth’s surface, containing all the air that we breathe, is known as the

A. aerosphere.
B. troposphere.
C. mesosphere.
D. stratosphere.

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Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air
Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere

134. Mountaintop removal mining (MTR) began in which region in the 1970s?

A. New England
B. Pacific Northwest
C. Ozark Plateau
D. Appalachian Mountains

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Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms
Topic: Human Impact on Landforms

135. Which of the following has been proposed as the potential site for America’s first permanent repository for radioactive waste generated by nuclear power plants?

A. Pikes Peak
B. Mammoth Cave
C. Yucca Mountain
D. Grand Canyon

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Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

136. In the city of Houston, the placement of solid waste disposal facilities and garbage incinerators in minority neighborhoods is pointed to as an example of

A. detritus.
B. environmental racism.
C. environmental equity.
D. spatial scrapping.

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Gradable: automatic
Section: 13.06 Waste Management
Topic: Waste Disposal and Management

Chapter 13 Test Bank: Human Impact on the Environment Summary

Category-# of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-114

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand-16

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply-1

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze-2

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate-1

Gradable: automatic-114

Gradable: manual-22

Section: 13.01 Ecosystems-14

Section: 13.02 Impacts on Water-43

Section: 13.03 Impacts on Air-37

Section: 13.04 Impacts on Landforms-7

Section: 13.05 Impacts on Plants and Animals-17

Section: 13.06 Waste Management-18

Topic: Human Impact on Atmosphere-36

Topic: Human Impact on Landforms-7

Topic: Human Impact on Plant and Animal Biodiversity-18

Topic: Human Impact on Water-43

Topic: Interactions Among the Components of Biosphere and Humans-14

Topic: Waste Disposal and Management-18