Ch.12 – Exam Questions – Test Bank The Geography Of Natural

Chapter 12 Test Bank: The Geography of Natural Resources Key

1. Which of the following is a potentially renewable resource?

A. groundwater
B. crude oil
C. coal
D. wind energy

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

2. Expanding the amount of land devoted to food production

A. has the greatest potential for increasing world food supplies.
B. is most likely to occur in Europe and North America.
C. may do irreparable damage to the land.
D. was one of the chief benefits of the Green Revolution.

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

3. The evaporation of irrigation water from farm fields can damage soil fertility through

A. soil erosion.
B. deforestation.
C. desertification.
D. salinization.

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4. Vast quantities of oil, enough to supply domestic needs for another century, are contained in U.S. deposits of

A. biomass.
B. crude oil.
C. oil shale.
D. uranium.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

5. All of the following statements about biomass are true EXCEPT

A. biomass can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels.
B. most of the energy that is produced from biomass comes from wood.
C. there is a decreasing demand and an increasing supply of wood in developing countries.
D. it supplies an insignificant amount of energy in developed countries.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

6. The percentage of the world's original tropical rain forest that has already been either cleared or degraded is approximately

A. 90%.
B. 75%.
C. 50%.
D. 25%.

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7. Renewable energy resources include all of the following EXCEPT

A. crop residues and animal and human wastes.
B. wood.
C. wind energy.
D. tar sands.

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
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8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Energy consumption and industrialization are highly correlated.
B. Some countries have a rich resource base but a population that is poor.
C. Per capita energy production is correlated with national energy consumption.
D. Industrialized countries can compensate for a lack of resources by importing raw materials.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

9. Most petroleum is used for

A. tars.
B. plastics.
C. waxes.
D. fuels.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

10. The value of a given coal deposit depends on all of the following EXCEPT

A. its accessibility.
B. its potential for liquefaction.
C. its sulfur content.
D. the thickness of the coal seam.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

11. The region that contains about 60% of the proven oil reserves in the world is

A. the Middle East.
B. Russia.
C. Western Europe.
D. South America.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
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12. Energy is

A. the random motion of molecules.
B. either potential or thermodynamic.
C. a force that is exerted over some distance.
D. the ability to do work.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

13. Conventional nuclear power stations

A. develop thermal electricity through nuclear fusion.
B. use plutonium as a raw material.
C. are called "breeder" reactors.
D. produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

14. The renewable energy source that is LEAST affected by local site considerations is

A. geothermal power.
B. biomass.
C. large-scale hydropower.
D. tidal power.

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Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

15. The region of the United States that relies most heavily upon hydropower is the

A. Midwest.
B. Southeast.
C. Pacific Northwest.
D. Great Plains.

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16. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of solar power?

A. As a source of energy, it is inexhaustible.
B. It can be used to generate electricity.
C. Photovoltaic systems are competitive with fossil fuels on price.
D. It can be used for both space heating and cooling.

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17. The Industrial Revolution was characterized by the

A. shift from renewable energy to fossil fuels.
B. invention of the internal combustion engine.
C. use of electricity to power trains and streetcars.
D. efficient use of metallic minerals for the first time in human history.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

18. Reliance on the world's oceans and seas to provide larger amounts of protein for the human population is

A. possible only if overfishing can be controlled and replacement occurs.
B. unrealistic because most of the annual fish supply comes from inland waters.
C. most likely to occur in tropical waters.
D. realistic because the average fish catch per person has increased steadily since 1970.

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19. Coal differs from oil or natural gas as an energy source, in that coal

A. cannot be liquefied or moved by pipeline.
B. is generally clean, efficient, and nonpolluting.
C. exists in quantities that will last for centuries.
D. is uniform in thermal value wherever found commercially.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

20. All of the following statements regarding tar sands are true EXCEPT

A. the bitumen in tar sands can be converted to gasoline, jet fuel, and other fuels.
B. the largest tar sands deposits are located in Alberta, Canada.
C. tar sands are an environmentally friendly source of energy.
D. tar sands exist in vast quantities.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

21. Destruction of the tropical rain forests is a matter of concern for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A. deforestation by burning contributes to air pollution and climate change.
B. it causes the yearly extinction of thousands of plant and animal species that exist nowhere else.
C. the forests are oxygen "sinks" and carbon-replenishers.
D. forest clearance accelerates soil erosion.

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22. Which of the following statements about nuclear energy is NOT true?

A. Some countries depend much more than others on nuclear power.
B. In theory, nuclear fuels could provide a virtually inexhaustible source of energy.
C. Nuclear fission plants produce large amounts of radioactive waste.
D. Environmental opposition has stopped all consideration of constructing new plants.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

23. Of the following fossil fuels, the one with the least adverse impact on the environment is

A. natural gas.
B. crude oil.
C. coal.
D. oil shale.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

24. Geothermal energy resources are most often found

A. in deserts.
B. in polar latitudes.
C. in tropical latitudes.
D. along plate boundaries or at hot spots.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

25. Commercial forests can be considered a renewable resource if _______________ techniques are practiced.

A. selective cutting
B. sustained yield
C. clear cutting
D. multiple use

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26. The "oil shocks" of 1973-74 and 1979-80 had all of the following effects EXCEPT

A. a decline in the power of OPEC.
B. a worldwide recession.
C. a decrease in the demand for oil.
D. large net trade deficits in oil-importing countries.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

27. All of the following statements about copper are true EXCEPT

A. price increases have spurred the adoption of substitutes.
B. as supplies have decreased we are now mining lower grade ores.
C. recycled copper now accounts for about one-third of copper used in the United States.
D. copper ore is evenly spread around the earth's crust.

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Section: 12.05 Nonfuel Mineral Resources
Topic: Nonfuel Mineral Resources

28. The United States imports oil from other countries to meet about _______________ of its crude oil needs.

A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 66%
D. 80%

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29. All of the following statements about wind power are true EXCEPT

A. wind turbines do not use any fuel.
B. the wind is a renewable resource.
C. once built, wind turbines do not pollute air or water.
D. Florida contains most of the installed U.S. wind power generating capacity.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

30. All of the following statements about hydropower are true EXCEPT

A. it is generated when water falls from one level to another.
B. it is generally used in the region where it is produced.
C. it is a major supplier of electricity in many developed and developing countries.
D. the cost of transmitting hydroelectricity is negligible.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

31. Which of the following is NOT an example of a perpetual renewable resource?

A. solar energy
B. wind power
C. geothermal energy
D. fish

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
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32. What parts of the world receive the largest shipments of crude oil from the Middle East?

A. United States and Latin America
B. Europe and Japan
C. India and China
D. Australia and New Zealand

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33. What is the coastal zone of wetlands where salt water and fresh water mix called?

A. zone of aeration
B. continental shelf
C. phreatic zone
D. estuarine zone

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34. North America's largest temperate rain forest is located in

A. Florida.
B. Oregon.
C. Alaska.
D. California.

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35. Globally, commercial fishing is chiefly concentrated

A. in the deepest areas of oceans far away from coasts.
B. in freshwater lakes.
C. in tropical areas where waters are comparably stagnant.
D. on continental shelf areas where cold and warm waters mix.

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36. An environmentally sustainable economy is best defined as one that

A. balances the rate of species extinction with that of species evolution.
B. controls the production of pollutants.
C. reduces the consumption of energy resources.
D. satisfies current needs without jeopardizing the prospects of future generations.

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37. The part of the world most at risk from desertification is

A. China.
B. Africa.
C. India.
D. Central America.

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38. The part of a mineral reserve that can be profitably exploited is called the

A. potential reserves.
B. proved reserves.
C. renewable reserves.
D. recognized reserves.

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

39. All of the following statements regarding tropical forests are true EXCEPT

A. tropical forests replenish oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
B. clearing and burning of tropical forests causes air pollution.
C. clearing of tropical forests is mostly taking place in roadless wilderness areas.
D. cutting tropical forests has caused the extinction of thousands of plant and animal species.

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40. Electricity generated from heat energy beneath the earth's surface is called

A. hydroelectric power.
B. geothermal power.
C. tidal power.
D. biomass power.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

41. Which of the following is not one of the designated purposes for which the U.S National Forests are managed?

A. recreation
B. timber production
C. wildlife habitat
D. all of the above are purposes for which they are managed

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42. The largest of the commercial forest belts in the world includes

A. most of Australia, Africa, and South America.
B. the upper-middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
C. the Arctic region of Russia and Canada.
D. the western interiors of continents in subtropical latitudes.

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43. Which statement regarding wind power is NOT true?

A. A problem is the intermittent nature of wind.
B. Off-shore locations are popular locations for installations.
C. The best locations are often close to where power is needed.
D. It is a renewable energy source comparable in price to conventional fossil fuel power plants.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

44. The current estimate of proved oil reserves in the world is about _____ billion barrels.

A. 1,200
B. 2,300
C. 5,000
D. 4,300

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

45. Because of its high ecological integrity, logging is not allowed in Alaska's Tongass National Forest.

FALSE

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

46. A commodity is a resource only when a culture recognizes it as such.

TRUE

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

47. The more resources a country has, the higher its level of technology and quality of life.

FALSE

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48. Modern technology has reduced to 10% or less the proportion of the world's people largely dependent on wood for cooking and heating.

FALSE

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

49. Transoceanic shipment of natural gas is less difficult than transoceanic shipment of crude oil.

FALSE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

50. In contrast to Canada and Mexico, the United States consumes far more oil than it produces.

TRUE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

51. Proved or usable reserves are deposits that have been identified and are economically recoverable with current technology.

TRUE

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

52. Some renewable resources can be depleted.

TRUE

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
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53. The widespread adoption of soil conservation practices such as strip cropping and no-till farming have reduced soil erosion rates in the United States to all time lows.

FALSE

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54. The rise in oil prices during the 1970s was due chiefly to a cutback in production by industrialized countries.

FALSE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

55. Solar energy availability is a variable controlled by climate and latitude.

TRUE

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

56. Recreation and wildlife habitat are two of the goals in the management of U.S. National Forest lands.

TRUE

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57. Brazil is a world leader in producing ethanol from sugarcane for blending with gasoline as an automobile fuel.
TRUE

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

58. All European countries rely heavily on nuclear power.

FALSE

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

59. Hydropower is the one energy source that comes without any environmental costs.

FALSE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

60. Russia was the second largest producer of oil in the world in 2008.

TRUE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

61. The U.S. consumes approximately 22.5% of world oil production.

TRUE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

62. The average fuel economy of new cars in the U.S. is now higher than it was in 1988.

FALSE

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

63. What is the term that refers to the prudent use of natural resources such that they are never depleted?

Conservation

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Section: 12.07 Resource Management
Topic: Resource Management

64. What is the category of natural resources that can be used over and over again?

Renewable resources

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

65. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of sugarcane versus corn for producing ethanol for vehicle fuel.

Ethanol production from sugarcane is much more energy efficient than from corn and can be done on marginal land with less impact on food supplies and livestock feed. It is simpler to convert sugarcane to ethanol because the starches in corn have to first be converted to sugars.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

66. What is the term that refers to plant and animal material used as fuel?

Biomass

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

67. Describe the association between energy production, energy consumption, and economic development.

Energy production is not necessarily correlated with industrialization and economic development, but energy consumption and development go hand in hand. Energy use enables us to mine, process; distribute other resources, to convert them into usable commodities, and to perform services beyond the capabilities of any individual.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

68. Discuss three methods of using other nonrenewable resources to augment declining supplies of oil and natural gas. For each method, make reference to potential environmental or cost considerations.

The methods the student may choose to discuss are (a) extracting oil from oil shale.
(b) tar sands.
(c) nuclear fission.
(d) the fast breeder reactor.
Environmental and cost considerations cited will vary with the methods selected for discussion.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

69. Why should North Americans be concerned about the destruction of the tropical rain forests?

The forests help maintain the oxygen and carbon balance of the world. Deforestation by burning contributes to air pollution, climate change, and depletion of the ozone layer. Habitat disruption causes annually the extinction of thousands of plant and animal species that exist nowhere else.

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

70. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hydropower dams.

The advantages of hydropower are that it is a renewable, non-polluting, inexpensive and flexible source of power. Disadvantages are that good hydropower sites depend on high river flows and drops in elevations which may not be in the right locations. It is costly to transmit electricity long distances. Building dams floods valleys, displacing forests, fields, and sometimes human settlements. Reservoirs trap sediments, shortening the life of the dam and depriving downstream areas of fertile silts. Dams disrupt the migration of fish and alter the river's flow and water quality characteristics. Dams are also subject to catastrophic failure.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

71. Using data on proved oil reserves, oil consumption, and oil imports, explain why the United States faces significant challenges with regard to its use of oil.

The U.S. has 2.4% of the world's proved reserves and yet consumes 22.5% of world oil production. Further, the U.S. is pumping its own reserves faster than the world average and still must import the majority of its petroleum supply. The low fuel efficiency of the U.S. vehicle fleet and the automobile-dependent pattern of much urban and suburban development in the U.S. make it vulnerable to price shocks or disruptions of its imported oil supply.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

72. What are some examples of renewable resources?

Wind, solar, waves, geothermal, water, soils, plants, and animals.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

73. Explain why average gas mileage of new automobiles in the U.S. is now lower than it was in the late 1980s.

As the gas prices were going down or stabilizing in the 1990s Americans were buying more SUVS, minivans and family-oriented pickup trucks with two rows of seats. Manufacturers of these automobiles were responding to the consumer demand and fuel efficiency did not play a big factor in the design and production of these cars.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

74. Explain the concept of sustainable development.

Sustainable development meets the needs of today's society without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development involves patterns of production and consumption that do not deplete or degrade vital natural resources.

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Section: 12.07 Resource Management
Topic: Resource Management

75. Nonrenewable resources

A. are living things such as fish or forests.
B. have reached maximum exploitation yields.
C. cannot be regenerated by any natural processes within our lifetimes.
D. were unrecognized by the early settlers.

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

76. Which term refers to the ecological alteration in arid and semiarid regions with destruction of soil and vegetation?

A. Deforestation
B. Salinization
C. Soil erosion
D. Desertification

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

77. Which of the following is not a technique for soil conservation?

A. Strip cropping
B. Crop rotation
C. Erecting windbreaks
D. Removing native vegetation

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78. Hydropower accounts for more than 75 percent of the electricity produced in all of the following countries except

A. New Zealand.
B. United States.
C. Switzerland.
D. Brazil.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

79. Nonfuel mineral deposits are the result of

A. geologic processes which concentrated the deposits.
B. lack of conservation techniques.
C. technological advances.
D. the location of the population.

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Section: 12.05 Nonfuel Mineral Resources
Topic: Nonfuel Mineral Resources

80. Anaerobic digestion of organic matter produces

A. alcohol.
B. hydrogen.
C. methane.
D. charcoal.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

81. What percentage of Africa's non-desert region is in danger of human-induced desertification?

A. 20 percent
B. 33 percent
C. 40 percent
D. 50 percent

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82. Clear cutting of forests results in all of the following except

A. accelerated soil erosion.
B. increased water pollution.
C. more diverse wildlife habitats.
D. reduced recreational value of the area.

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83. Which of the following areas is not one of the major producers of hydroelectric power in the U.S.?

A. New York State
B. Gulf Coast
C. Pacific Northwest
D. Tennessee Valley

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

84. The shift from renewable resources to those derived from fossil fuels initiated the

A. Agricultural Revolution.
B. Green Revolution.
C. Urban Revolution.
D. Industrial Revolution.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

85. The largest deposits of oil sand are located in which country?

A. The United States
B. Russia
C. Saudi Arabia
D. Canada

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

86. Which of the following countries or regions is the largest exporter of crude oil?

A. Japan
B. Middle East
C. United States
D. Western Europe

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

87. Wetlands include all of the following except

A. bogs.
B. moraines.
C. bayous.
D. marshes.

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

88. With respect to the relationship between gross national product (GNP) and energy consumption

A. as GNP decreases energy consumption increases.
B. as GNP increases energy consumption decreases.
C. they both increase directly with each other.
D. there is no relationship between the two.

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Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization
Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization

89. Large coal deposits are concentrated in the

A. equatorial regions.
B. mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
C. mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
D. subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

90. Which concept refers to satisfying current needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs?

A. Sustainable development
B. Resource recovery
C. Maximum sustainable yield
D. Underconsumption

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Section: 12.07 Resource Management
Topic: Resource Management

91. The two major drawbacks to the use of oil shale and oil sands as fuels are

A. cost of extraction and environmental damage.
B. distance to markets and alternate sources.
C. lack of demand and air pollution.
D. transportation and storage.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

92. Reducing the amount of steel used in making an automobile is an example of

A. reuse.
B. substitution.
C. conservation.
D. recycling.

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Section: 12.07 Resource Management
Topic: Resource Management

93. Developing countries are heavily dependent on what types of wood for fuel and charcoal?

A. Bamboo
B. Tropical lowland hardwood
C. Temperate hardwood
D. Mixed coniferous-deciduous

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

94. Which fossil fuel has the least impact on the environment?

A. Coal
B. Natural gas
C. Petroleum
D. Oil shale

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

95. Which pair of countries receives more than 75 percent of their electricity from nuclear power?

A. The United States and Canada
B. France and Lithuania
C. Japan and China
D. Denmark and Italy

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

96. Which regions of the world contain two-thirds of the proven natural gas reserves?

A. North America and the Middle East
B. Russia and the North Sea
C. The North Sea and North America
D. Russia and the Middle East

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

97. In recent years, what source of energy has been the fastest-growing source of electrical generation in both the United States and the world as a whole?

A. Wind
B. Solar
C. Coal
D. Nuclear

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

98. Which of the following is not a perpetual resource?

A. Sun
B. Soil
C. Geothermal energy
D. Tides

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

99. In the United States, two-thirds of all oil consumption is used for what purpose?

A. Power plants
B. Manufacturing
C. Transportation
D. Petroleum-based products

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

100. More than half the world's population depend upon what type of resource for energy needs?

A. Coal
B. Oil
C. Biomass
D. Solar

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

101. The ultimate origin of most forms of energy is

A. organic matter.
B. the wind.
C. the asthenosphere.
D. the sun.

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Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

102. Which country leads in installed solar power capacity?

A. The United States
B. Australia
C. Germany
D. Japan

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

103. What is the major cause of deforestation?

A. Clearing land for crop production
B. Urbanization
C. Cutting trees for fuel
D. Removing forests to build highways

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

104. What is the term for the narrow area of wetlands along a coastline where salt water and fresh water meet and mix?

A. Continental shelf
B. Levee
C. Neritic zone
D. Estuarine zone

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Topic: Land Resources

105. Approximately what proportion of the world is still covered in forest?

A. One-fifth
B. One-fourth
C. One-third
D. One-half

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Topic: Land Resources

106. Which of these factors does not contribute to salinization?

A. Dry climate
B. Poorly drained soils
C. Application of fertilizers and pesticides
D. Irrigation

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

107. Which of the following statements is not true about coal?

A. Coal fueled the Industrial Revolution
B. At the present rate of use, coal reserves will last for centuries
C. The value of coal is determined by its rank, grade and accessibility
D. Coal is widely used because it is inexpensive to mine and transport

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

108. Quantities of a resource that can be extracted profitably from known deposits are known as what kind of reserves?

A. Artificial
B. Proved
C. Power
D. Exploratory

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

109. The energy of motion that all moving objects possess is known as

A. kinetic.
B. pressure.
C. power.
D. fusion.

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

110. The soil and rock above the vein of coal that is stripped off in the process of surface or strip mining is known as the

A. wasteland.
B. talus.
C. overburden.
D. pitch.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

111. Which of the following is not one of the major sources of biomass?

A. Trees
B. Grain and sugar crops
C. Water
D. Wastes

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

112. In the United States, 95 percent of all ethanol is derived from corn, a fuel with significant disadvantages when compared to what fuel used in Brazil?

A. Maize
B. Wheat
C. Pineapple
D. Sugarcane

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Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

113. Despite social and environmental concerns, the largest dam in the world was completed in 2012 in which country?

A. United States
B. Canada
C. China
D. Russia

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

114. Which of the following is not one of the three properties that makes copper a desirable resource?

A. It conducts both heat and electricity extremely well
B. It is malleable and thus can be hammered or drawn into wires
C. It is easily extracted from sandstone
D. It resists corrosion

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Section: 12.05 Nonfuel Mineral Resources
Topic: Nonfuel Mineral Resources

115. The concentration of salts in the topsoil as a result of the evaporation of surface water is known as

A. desertification.
B. aridification.
C. evapotranspiration.
D. salinization.

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Section: 12.06 Land Resources
Topic: Land Resources

116. The practice of cutting medium and large trees either singly or in small groups, while encouraging the growth of younger trees, is known as

A. clear cutting.
B. selective cutting.
C. old growth cutting.
D. environmental harvesting.

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Topic: Land Resources

117. The only large expanses of old-growth forest remaining in the United States, most of them owned by the federal government, are found in which region?

A. New England
B. Deep South
C. Rocky Mountains
D. Pacific Northwest

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Topic: Land Resources

118. Although the tropical rain forests now occupy less than 10 percent of the earth's surface, they are thought to contain what percentage of all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms in the world?

A. 15 to 25 percent
B. 25 to 50 percent
C. 50 to 70 percent
D. 70 to 90 percent

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Topic: Land Resources

119. Once the world’s richest nation in terms of income per person, much of the island of Nauru is now a wasteland due to intensive mining of

A. aluminum.
B. feldspar.
C. nickel.
D. phosphate.

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Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology
Topic: Classification of Natural Resources

120. In the United States, the federal standards requiring each automaker’s fleet of new passenger cars to average 27.5 miles per gallon are known as

A. Auto Fleet Average (AFA).
B. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE).
C. Passenger Car Fuel Efficiency (PCFE).
D. Automaker Gallon Average (AGA).

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

121. The fine-grained sedimentary rock that is rich in organic material called kerogen is

A. petroleum.
B. bitumen.
C. oil shale.
D. oil sand.

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Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution

122. Semiconductor devices made of silicon that generate electricity directly from solar rays are called

A. silicate generators.
B. stellar conductors.
C. heat insulators.
D. photovoltaic cells.

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

123. Volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs are all manifestations of which type of energy?

A. Wind
B. Geothermal
C. Solar
D. Nuclear

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Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources
Topic: Renewable Energy Resources

124. Perhaps the worst ecological abuse of U.S. National Forests has occurred in this national forest which is North America’s largest temperate rainforest.

A. Tongass
B. Sequoia
C. Olympic
D. White Mountain

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Topic: Land Resources

Chapter 12 Test Bank: The Geography of Natural Resources Summary

Category-# of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-112

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember-114

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand-8

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate-2

Gradable: automatic-112

Gradable: manual-12

Section: 12.01 Resource Terminology-12

Section: 12.02 Energy Resources and Industrialization-7

Section: 12.03 Nonrenewable Energy Resources-39

Section: 12.04 Renewable Energy Resources-25

Section: 12.05 Nonfuel Mineral Resources-3

Section: 12.06 Land Resources-31

Section: 12.07 Resource Management-7

Topic: Classification of Natural Resources-15

Topic: Energy Resources and Industrialization-6

Topic: Land Resources-31

Topic: Nonfuel Mineral Resources-3

Topic: Nonrenewable Energy Resources and their Geographic Distribution-37

Topic: Renewable Energy Resources-26

Topic: Resource Management-6