Chapter 7: Oculesics: Engaging Gaze and Other Eye Behaviors

Test Bank

1. In the first days after birth, infants look toward the people in their lives and use their eyes to ______.

A. bond with their caregivers

B. gain information and develop social preferences

C. convey hunger and other discomfort

D. track the movements of their caregivers

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. ______ is the nonverbal code dealing with the use of one’s eyes to send and receive messages.

A. Proxemics

B. Vocalics

C. Oculesics

D. Kinesics

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. We receive about ______ of our social information through sight.

A. 40%

B. 60%

C. 80%

D. 95%

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Gaze is a looking behavior that occurs when we ______.

A. scan widely to assess things in our environment

B. focus in on one particular objects in our environment

C. look directly in another person’s direction

D. look beyond another person to take in the context of their environment

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Looking Toward

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Gazing at another person is an easy way for us to quickly obtain and categorize information that activates our______ understandings.

A. environmental

B. personal

C. contextual

D. cultural

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Research has shown that we find a person more attractive if they ______.

A. gaze at us before we gaze at them

B. are surrounded by other attractive people

C. match our preconceived expectations

D. engage in culturally appropriate behavior

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The sexual objectification of women’s bodies by men through prolonged staring and evaluation is known as the ______ gaze.

A. male

B. feminine

C. erotic

D. desire

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Objectification of another person through prolonged staring can be particularly challenging when the person ______.

A. receiving the stare is inexperienced

B. receiving the stare is timid

C. staring has more power or higher social position

D. staring believes their objectification is justified

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. How does mutual gaze differ from male gaze?

A. Mutual gaze occurs when both parties of either gender in an interaction look toward one another, while male gaze occurs any time a man looks at a woman.

B. Mutual gaze occurs when both parties of either gender in an interaction look toward one another, while male gaze is a one-way look that sexual objectifies a woman’s body.

C. Mutual gaze occurs when a person of one gender looks toward a person of another gender, while male gaze is a one-way look that sexual objectifies a woman’s body.

D. Mutual gaze occurs when a person of one gender stares at another person of the same gender, while male gaze is a one-way look that sexual objectifies a woman’s body

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Mutual Gaze and Eye Contact

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. When Jasmine learned she had to attend a fundraising event for a local nonprofit her company sponsored, she had mixed feelings. She was looking forward to dressing up, but she was dreading the thought of making small talk with strangers. However, her negative feelings quickly disappeared when she scanned the room and her eyes met those of an attractive man on the other side of the room in a moment of ______ gaze.

A. manifest

B. mutual

C. magnetic

D. meaningful

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following is an accurate definition of eye contact?

A. Eye contact occurs when one person looks attentively at another person and becomes aware that they are staring.

B. Eye contact occurs when person looks into the eyes of another person and the other person quickly looks away.

C. Eye contact occurs when two people lock eyes with one another and both parties are aware that the eye contact is occurring.

D. Eye contact occurs when two people lock eyes with one another and but only one person is aware that the eye contact is occurring.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mutual Gaze and Eye Contact

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Gaze avoidance occurs when someone actively avoids the gaze of another individual and depending upon the person or the situation ______.

A. is rarely consequential

B. can have devastating effects

C. generally has positive effects

D. is rarely misinterpreted

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mutual Gaze and Eye Contact

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Eye movement is used in a manner similar to which of the other following forms of nonverbal behavior?

A. touch

B. distance

C. physical appearance

D. gesture

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Eye Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. As a salesperson in a high-end boutique, part of Beverly’s job is to keep an eye out for customers who may be shoplifting. She’s been tracking the movements of one customer who’s carrying a large handbag and acting suspiciously and when her supervisor enters the room Beverly rolls her eyes in the direction of that customer in an attempt to send a message using ______ .

A. mutual gaze

B. kinesics

C. eye movement

D. pupil dilation

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Eye Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The widening of the center of one’s eyes is called ______.

A. pupil ligation

B. pupil dilation

C. eye expansion

D. arousal reaction

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the interrelationships between pupil dilation and attraction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pupil Dilation

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Pupil dilation sends ______ messages of romantic interest.

A. unintentional

B. intentional

C. intuitive

D. intermittent

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the interrelationships between pupil dilation and attraction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pupil Dilation

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Jaritza was unsure how she felt about Brad and didn’t intend to send him any signals of encouragement. However, Jaritza’s pupils dilated whenever they spent time together. Despite her conscious attempts to remain neutral, Brad found himself more and more attracted to her based on ______.

A. Jaritza’s ability to unconsciously send mixed messages about her sexual interest

B. Jaritza’s ability to consciously dilate her pupils as an indicator of sexual interest

C. Brad’s ability to subconsciously perceive dilated pupils as an indicator of sexual interest

D. Brad’s inability to consciously perceive dilated pupils as an indicator of sexual interest

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the interrelationships between pupil dilation and attraction.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Pupil Dilation

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The four main types of emotional displays that can be sent using oculesics include ______.

A. attraction, inflection, interest, or tension

B. attraction, affection, interest, or threat

C. attractiveness, affection, intention, or threat

D. attractiveness, affection, intention, or tension

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. If people aren’t careful about monitoring their other verbal and nonverbal messages at the same time that they are using prolonged eye contact in an interpersonal encounter, they are likely to experience ______.

A. misunderstandings

B. mutual gaze behavior

C. disruptions in their messaging

D. negative emotions

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Researchers have found that couples who lock eyes for a couple minutes are more likely to ______.

A. describe liking and romantic love for one another

B. notice the other person’s physical attractiveness

C. express more intense feelings of possession and jealousy

D. appreciate the other person’s positive character traits

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attraction/Interest

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Eye contact can indicate a general interest in the other person because it shows that you are ______.

A. a good communicator

B. sincere

C. telling the truth

D. paying attention

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Affection/Interest
Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Rachel, the executive director of a local nonprofit organization, is well-respected in her community and well-like by the members of her organization’s board of directors. They especially appreciate how Rachel manages the flow of meetings, prompting each of them to speak in turn using an eye contact technique known as the ______.

A. leadership gaze

B. regulatory

C. one-sided gaze

D. two-sided gaze

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Affection/Interest

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The difference between eye contact intended to convey attraction to another person and eye contact intended to convey a general interest is ______.

A. the nature of the accompanying verbal and nonverbal messages

B. the combination of direction, duration, and intensity of that eye contact

C. depends on intention of the sender

D. depends on the interpretation of the receiver

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Affection/Interest

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Miguel was annoyed when he heard a knock at his door after 9 p.m.. But when he heard his otherwise gentle dog begin to growl, he became concerned. He opened the door a crack. he narrowed eyes and put a snarl on his face as if to say, “I ______.”

A. don’t know who you are

B. wish you would go away

C. am uncomfortable with this situation

D. am a threat

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Threat

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. If you play with your hair, lick your lips, and smile in someone’s direction while making eye contact, you are ______.

A. sending mixed signals

B. indicating sexual interest

C. using sensory data to assess your level of interest

D. unsettled by the other person’s interest in you

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Threat

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The social information we receive through our eyes provides valuable information necessary for survival but offers little guidance about how we should respond socially to the people we encounter in our daily lives.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Looking Toward

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Gazing at another person is an easy way for us to obtain information about their age, gender, race, and social class so that we can quickly categorize them.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Looking Toward

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. In most cases, you should assume that someone gazing at you is sending a conscious message of attention or interest.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. When we direct our gaze behavior toward one individual our judgments about them are also influenced by the people that surround them.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. When you stare at an individual for an extended period you can trigger feelings of discomfort in the person being viewed.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Male gaze is the sexual objectification of women’s bodies by men through prolonged staring.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gaze

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Eye contact happens when two people look at one another, often when one of those people is unaware that the eye contact is occurring.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mutual Gaze and Eye Contact

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Unlike gaze behavior which is intentionally used as a form of communication, we rarely use eye movements to send a message.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Eye Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Much like gaze behavior which is intentionally used as a form of communication, pupil dilation is used to send intentional messages of romantic interest.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the interrelationships between pupil dilation and attraction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pupil Dilation

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Eye-related behaviors can reflect and express the nature of our emotional experience.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Each type of eye behavior used to express emotion is distinct which limits the possibility of potential misunderstandings.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Because eye contact is so frequently used to let someone know that you are interested in them, this type of eye behavior is rarely trusted.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. At meetings, effective leaders often use a one-sided gaze, along with other nonverbal cues, directed at the person next in line to talk.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays
Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Unlike other nonverbal behaviors which can be used to express an array of emotion, eye contact is reserved for sending messages which contain positive emotional content such as attraction or liking.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. When we used a broad, open smile accompanied by nonthreatening eye behavior we send the social signal that we are safe to approach.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Identify and describe each of the three of eye behaviors, using an example for each that includes additional verbal and nonverbal expression that supports that eye behavior.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Oculesics

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Compare the characteristics and use of mutual gaze with the characteristics and use of one-sided gaze.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Compare the three types of eye behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: OCULESICS | Affection/Interest
Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain the relationship between pupil dilation and oculesics.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the interrelationships between pupil dilation and attraction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pupil Dilation

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Compare the four main types of emotional displays that can be sent using oculesics.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Compare a hypothetical situation when eye behavior alone is used to convey a message of threat to that same hypothetical situation when eye behavior is combined with other nonverbal messages that send that same threat message.

Learning Objective: 7-3: List potential messages that can arise from sustained eye contact.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Oculesics and Emotional Displays

Difficulty Level: Hard