Test Bank Digestive System and Nutrition Chapter 14

Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 14 Digestive System and Nutrition

1) In what order does a dentist drill through tooth layers?

A) dentin → enamel → pulp

B) enamel → dentin → pulp

C) enamel → pulp → dentin

D) pulp → dentin → enamel

E) dentin → pulp → enamel

2) Inflammation of the gums is called

A) gingivitis.

B) periodontitis.

C) dental caries.

D) gumma infections.

E) gummitis.

3) Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A) pharynx.

B) larynx.

C) epiglottis.

D) glottis.

E) sphincter muscle.

4) The main function of the esophagus is to

A) digest proteins.

B) digest carbohydrates.

C) transport food from the small intestine to the large intestine.

D) transport food from the mouth to the stomach.

E) transport food from the stomach to the large intestine.

Figure 14.1

5) In figure 14.1, which structure is the liver?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

6) In figure 14.1, which structure is the primary site for digestion and absorption of food?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

7) Which structure in figure 14.1 stores food, has limited digestion, and secretes HCl?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

8) Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

A) constrictors.

B) dilators.

C) sphincters.

D) lacteals.

E) mucosa.

9) Which layer of the intestinal wall will first absorb nutrients from the lumen?

A) serosa

B) longitudinal muscle

C) circular muscle

D) submucosa

E) mucosa

10) The pH of the stomach is usually about

A) 2.0.

B) 4.0.

C) 7.0.

D) 9.0.

E) 11.0.

11) Which organ of the digestive tract functions to store food, kill bacteria, and partially digest proteins?

A) mouth

B) esophagus

C) stomach

D) small intestine

E) large intestine

12) The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called

A) mucosa.

B) lacteals.

C) capillaries.

D) villi.

E) appendices.

13) Water is absorbed primarily by the

A) large intestine.

B) duodenum.

C) stomach.

D) anal canal.

E) esophagus.

14) Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile?

A) small intestine

B) liver

C) stomach

D) gallbladder

E) pancreas

15) In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

A) starch.

B) protein.

C) glycogen.

D) fat.

E) amino acids.

16) Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

A) mouth

B) esophagus

C) stomach

D) small intestine

E) large intestine

17) The body is unable to make any amino acids so all 20 of them must be acquired from a balanced diet.

18) Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?

A) cholesterol

B) trans saturated fatty acids

C) saturated fatty acids

D) unsaturated fatty acids

E) animal fats

19) Antioxidants are

A) toxic chemicals that must be avoided in the diet.

B) the breakdown products of protein digestion.

C) another name for free radicals.

D) chemicals found in fruits and vegetables that defend against free radicals.

E) only found in food supplements in pill form.

20) Sodium is considered one of the major minerals needed in the human diet.

21) People who are obese lack self-control and should just not eat as much.

22) Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?

A) constipation

B) diarrhea

C) appendicitis

D) ulcers

E) hernias

23) Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat, often associated with a perceived body defect?

A) anorexia nervosa

B) bulimia nervosa

C) binge-eating and purging

D) binge-eating

E) pica

24) Which eating disorder is most commonly diagnosed among people who seek treatment?

A) EDNOS (eating disorders not otherwise specified)

B) anorexia nervosa

C) purging episodes

D) bulimia nervosa

E) binge-eating followed by purging

25) Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?

A) binge-eating disorder

B) bulimia nervosa

C) pica

D) anorexia nervosa

E) None of the answer choices is associated with depression.

26) Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

A) bulimia nervosa

B) binge-eating disorder

C) pica

D) anorexia nervosa

E) All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

27) Which eating disorder is the most common?

A) binge-eating disorder

B) pica

C) anorexia nervosa

D) bulimia nervosa

E) stomach ulcers

28) Which of the following features is associated with pica?

A) person is a greater risk for various poisoning

B) person has an irrational fear of getting fat

C) individual engages in extreme physical activity to avoid weight gain

D) person conducts self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse

E) individual frequently eats large amounts of food while feeling a loss of control

29) Which item will most likely be eaten by an individual who suffers from pica?

A) charcoal

B) cookies

C) cakes

D) ice cream

E) All of the answer choices are associated with pica.

30) Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

A) chemical breakdown of food

B) mechanical breakdown of food

C) elimination of waste products

D) absorption of food molecules

E) All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system.

31) Which of the following is involved in digestion?

A) chewing of the food

B) churning and mixing of the food in the stomach

C) chemical digestion

D) enzymes breaking down proteins

E) All of the answer choices are involved in digestion.

32) Human salivary glands

A) produce an enzyme to begin the digestion of starch.

B) can swell when infected by the virus that causes mumps.

C) keep the mouth moist.

D) have ducts that open under the tongue.

E) All of the answer choices accurately describe the salivary glands.

33) The tongue consists of smooth muscle that is under voluntary control.

34) In humans, digestion of starch begins in the

A) mouth.

B) esophagus.

C) stomach.

D) duodenum.

E) large intestine.

35) Which of these organs has no active role in chemical digestion?

A) mouth

B) esophagus

C) stomach

D) small intestine

E) large intestine

36) Starting from the inside of the esophagus and going to the outside, the layers of the digestive tract in sequence are

A) serosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → mucosa.

B) serosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → mucosa.

C) mucosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → serosa.

D) mucosa → submucosa → serosa → smooth muscle.

E) mucosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → serosa.

37) A function of the human stomach is

A) to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria.

B) to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars.

C) storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins.

D) to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine.

E) absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

38) The digestive juices found in the stomach include

A) trypsin and bile.

B) trypsin and pepsin.

C) bile and hydrochloric acid.

D) amylase and trypsin.

E) pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

39) Name the organ of the digestive tract that contains microvilli and absorbs nutrients.

A) large intestine

B) small intestine

C) stomach

D) appendix

40) In humans, fats are absorbed

A) in the large intestine.

B) in the rugae of the stomach.

C) primarily into the blood capillaries.

D) primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine.

E) by the liver.

41) Which of the following is true of the duodenum?

A) It is a duct from the liver that introduces bile.

B) It is a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid.

C) Highly acidic stomach contents enter the small intestine here.

D) It contains villi for absorption.

E) All of the answer choices are true statements about the duodenum.

42) Secretin functions to stimulate the

A) release of bile.

B) release of pancreatic juices, particularly sodium bicarbonate.

C) release of gastrin.

D) release of CCK.

E) release of bile from the gallbladder and the release of pancreatic juices from the pancreas.

43) The release of secretin is stimulated by the action of

A) the alkaline material in the duodenum.

B) bile.

C) muscular contractions in the stomach.

D) nerves to the duodenum.

E) acid in the chyme within the duodenum.

44) Bacteria living in the large intestine

A) are a source of fiber.

B) can produce vitamins.

C) are found only in the appendix.

D) can produce excess acid.

E) are found only in the rectum.

45) As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?

A) bolus → feces → chyme

B) bolus → chyme → feces

C) chyme → feces → bolus

D) chyme → bolus → feces

E) feces → bolus → chyme

46) Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system?

A) pharynx

B) esophagus

C) stomach

D) cecum

E) pancreas

47) What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in the digestive tract?

A) destruction of bacteria

B) digestion of fat in the small intestine

C) neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine

D) breakdown of connective tissue in the stomach

E) activation of pepsin in the stomach

48) Which of the following is a function of the liver?

A) the production of bile

B) the production of blood proteins

C) the removal of blood toxins

D) the storage of iron and certain vitamins

E) All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver.

49) The hepatic portal vein is located between

A) the gallbladder and the liver.

B) the gallbladder and the small intestine.

C) the pancreas and the small intestine.

D) the small intestine and the liver.

E) the large intestine and the small intestine.

50) The hepatic portal vein empties into the inferior vena cava.

51) Which of the following human digestive enzymes is correctly matched to its substrate?

A) pepsin—starch

B) trypsin—nucleic acid

C) salivary amylase—protein

D) lipase—fat

E) maltase—glucose

52) Protein digestion takes place in the

A) mouth, stomach, and small intestine.

B) stomach and small intestine.

C) stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.

D) mouth and large intestine.

E) small intestine, large intestine, and mouth.

53) Dietary fiber is important because

A) it slows down the movement of food through the large intestine.

B) it is an important nutrient for humans.

C) it may decrease the risk of colon cancer.

D) it increases the absorption of cholesterol.

E) All of the answer choices are reasons why dietary fiber is important.

54) Which of the following statements about proteins in the diet is true?

A) Incomplete protein sources include meat, milk, and eggs.

B) Legumes, seeds, nuts, and grains are complete sources of proteins.

C) There is no limit to the amount of protein that should be consumed.

D) Amino acids are stored in the body, so we do not need a regular supply of protein in the diet.

E) Two servings of meat a day, each approximately the size of a deck of cards, is considered enough protein.

55) Which of the following is a coenzyme needed for production of hemoglobin and formation of DNA?

A) iron

B) folic acid (folacin)

C) copper

D) sodium

E) calcium

56) Which of the following will increase the risk of obesity?

A) sedentary activities

B) poor eating habits as a family

C) excessive intake of fatty foods

D) body fat content above 20% ideal body weight

E) All of the answer choices will increase the likeliness of obesity.

57) Obesity, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa are alike in that

A) all are difficult to treat and may be caused by a number of factors.

B) all involve eating far less than is required for the body to function.

C) all involve vomiting or purging after eating.

D) in all cases the person is actually starving to death regardless of their outside appearance.

E) in all cases the person is on a very restrictive diet.

58) What is the significance of Helicobacter pylori in the digestive system?

A) This is the major infectious cause of diarrhea.

B) Most ulcers are due to stomach infection with this bacteria.

C) This is the causative agent of "strep throat."

D) This species of bacteria is the main cause of the odor of feces.

E) This species of bacteria converts roughage into vitamin D.

59) Which of the following accurately describes an intestinal disorder?

A) diarrhea—very slow movement of feces through the large intestine

B) constipation— feces moving too quickly through the digestive tract

C) polyps—small growths on the epithelial lining that can become cancerous

D) hemorrhoids—a sexually contracted disease

E) hepatitis—inflammation of the pancreas

60) Which of the following is an infectious cause of jaundice?

A) trauma

B) gallstones

C) cancer

D) alcoholism

E) hepatitis B

61) Crohn's disease is considered an autoimmune disease.

62) If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose, there has been a failure of the

A) reflex action of reverse peristalsis.

B) trachea to cover the glottis.

C) soft palate to close off the nasopharynx.

D) larynx to move up.

E) glottis to retain food.

63) Heartburn occurs when

A) the heart responds painfully to chemical changes due to diet.

B) bacteria cause the stomach lining to ulcerate.

C) the glottis fails to prevent food from entering the trachea.

D) some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus.

E) the bile duct is blocked.

64) If the hepatic portal vein was blocked, blood would back up into the

A) inferior vena cava

B) capillaries of the small intestine

C) capillaries of the liver

D) hepatic artery

E) hepatic vein

65) If we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose, we would need to include which enzymes?

A) pepsin and hydrochloric acid

B) amylase and maltase

C) trypsin and maltase

D) pepsin and lipase

E) trypsin and lipase

66) Considering the U.S.D.A. recommended diet, which of the following statements is true?

A) Protein should come from only plant sources.

B) Refined grain products are a good source of complex carbohydrates and fiber.

C) The daily diet should contain large amounts of saturated fats.

D) Whole-grained carbohydrates should be eaten rarely, if at all.

E) Salt intake should be low.

67) Which of the following represents a category of the MyPlate food guide symbol?

A) skim milk

B) orange

C) chicken breast

D) whole wheat bread

E) All of the answer choices represent a category of the MyPlate food guide symbols.

68) A person can fulfill all of their protein requirements without consuming any animal products.

69) Soft drinks are a good source of carbohydrates for the body.

70) You can eliminate all fat from your diet without suffering any harmful effects.

71) Which of the following diseases is/are associated with a deficient or excess nutrients in the diet?

A) scurvy

B) anemia

C) cardiovascular disease

D) osteoporosis

E) All of the answer choices are diseases associated with either deficiency or excess of nutrients.

72) A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet. One of the first symptoms she may experience would be

A) a broken bone.

B) anemia.

C) irregular heart beat.

D) muscle spasms.

E) night blindness.

73) Stacey is 5 foot 8 inches tall and weighs approximately 80 pounds, yet she thinks she is very fat. Which of the following accurately describes Stacey?

A) Stacey most likely suffers from anorexia nervosa.

B) Stacey is actually starving.

C) Stacey has probably stopped menstruating.

D) Stacey is in danger of dying.

E) All the answer choices accurately describe Stacey.

74) Public health workers look for ways to prevent diseases. Which of the following jaundice-causing diseases has the potential to be reduced by public health measures?

A) obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones

B) obstructive jaundice caused by a cancerous tumor

C) hepatitis A by sewage control

D) cirrhosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption

E) hemolytic jaundice by blood screening

75) You suddenly develop acute diarrhea. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) stress

B) consumption of spicy food

C) infection by a protozoan, bacterium, or virus

D) autoimmune disorder

E) genetic predisposition

76) Which association is correct?

A) Periodontitis is a loss of bone and loosening of teeth that occurs in old age.

B) Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that can spread to the periodontal membrane.

C) The loss of 20 deciduous teeth is a natural process that occurs as a child.

D) Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils.

E) All of the answer choices are accurate associations.

77) Both the mucosa and submucosa are made of epithelial tissue.

78) In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?

A) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → bloodstream

B) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in lacteal) → bloodstream

C) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → bloodstream

D) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → lacteal → bloodstream

E) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → lacteal → bloodstream

79) Secretin, gastrin, and CCK in humans are

A) all enzymes used to digest food.

B) all hormones that control digestive secretions.

C) all breakdown products of digestion.

D) produced in the gut by an acid pH.

E) proteins found in the intestinal submucosa.

80) At body temperature, which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of proteins?

A) water, pepsin

B) HCl, pepsin

C) bile, pepsin

D) sodium bicarbonate, pepsin

E) pepsin, HCl, sodium bicarbonate

81) At body temperature, which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of fat?

A) bile salts, sodium bicarbonate, lipase

B) bile salts, sodium bicarbonate, pepsin

C) HCl, maltase

D) bile salts, HCl, sodium bicarbonate, and trypsin

E) sodium bicarbonate, lipase

82) Which of the following lacks nutrients?

A) fiber

B) carbohydrates

C) proteins

D) lipids

E) vitamins

83) Which of the following associations is true?

A) Vitamin E is necessary for blood clotting.

B) A deficiency in vitamin A can cause delayed healing of wounds.

C) A vital source of vitamin K is deep yellow/orange vegetables.

D) Vitamin E can be obtained from green leafy vegetables or whole grains.

E) Vitamin D is necessary for proper calcium absorption.

84) In order for fats to be digested into fatty acids and glycerol efficiently

A) the pH must be around 2 and pepsin must be activated.

B) pancreatic juice must be secreted and pepsin must be activated.

C) bile must be present and the pH must be around 2.

D) the pH must be around 2 and pancreatic juice must be secreted.

E) pancreatic juice must be secreted and bile must be present.

85) What pH is required in order for protein to be digested into peptides with the use of pepsin?

A) 2.0

B) 7.0

C) 7.6

D) 9.3

E) Pepsin will not digest proteins into peptides.

86) Stunted growth in children and low bone density in adults is caused a deficiency of

A) iron.

B) folic acid (folacin).

C) copper.

D) vitamin B12.

E) calcium.

87) In the past, ulcers were treated by a bland diet and drugs to reduce the acidity of the stomach. Today, ulcers are often treated with antibiotics. What evidence caused the change in treatment?

A) Experiments showed that antibiotics reduce stomach acidity better than the drugs used previously.

B) Experiments showed that Helicobacter pylori infection was the cause of many ulcers.

C) Experiments showed that the healing of ulcers required a more acidic, not a less acidic, environment.

D) Experiments showed that bland diets actually led to an increase in ulcers.

E) Experiments showed that ulcers were due to stress.

88) List the nine major digestive enzymes and the substrate each is responsible for breaking down.

89) List the seven functions of the liver.

90) List the organs that food will pass through, starting with the mouth and ending with the anus.