Chapter 8: Constructing Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Marcus was assigned male at birth, and his twin sister Marissa was assigned female. As such, both of them are ______.

a. cisgender

b. transgender

c. intersex

d. bisexual

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Amalie has female sexual organs. Female is her ______.

a. gender

b. status

c. sex

d. sexual preference

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. A couple gives birth to an intersex child. The most common surgical practice is to ______.

a. assign the child the sex of female through surgery

b. assign the child the sex of male through surgery

c. allow the child to remain intersex and avoid surgery altogether

d. allow the child to decide, once they are of age, whether to have surgery

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which individual would be considered transgender?

a. a person assigned male at birth who identifies as a man

b. a person who identifies as a woman but wears clothes often associated with menswear

c. a person assigned male at birth who identifies as a woman

d. a person assigned female at birth who identifies as a woman

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A person socially constructs herself as a woman even though she was assigned male at birth. Which term would best describe this individual?

a. cisgender

b. transgender

c. intersex

d. androgynous

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which term describes an individual with ambiguous sex characteristics that are not clearly defined as male or female?

a. androgynous

b. transgender

c. cisgender

d. intersex

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A couple has a baby, but the doctor is unable to determine the sex of the child. How should the doctor describe the child’s identity?

a. intersex

b. female

c. cisgender

d. male

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which concept is a result of nurture rather than nature (biology)?

a. sex

b. gender

c. sexuality

d. intersexuality

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. People who are ______ perceive themselves as members of a different gender from the one assigned at birth.

a. transgender

b. intersex

c. androgynous

d. cisgender

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. What role do structural functionalists expect women to play in society?

a. expressive

b. institutional

c. instrumental

d. possessive

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. How would a structural functionalist explain gender?

a. Gender and sex are distinct and separate concepts that can sometimes work against each other.

b. Gender identifies the sex of the individual and sex identifies their roles in society.

c. Gender and sex are basically one and the same, and are used to define roles in society.

d. Gender plays no role in the distribution of power.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. According to structural functionalists, what is the purpose of the complementary roles men and women assume?

a. to ensure that the roles men and women undertake are fair and equal

b. to allow men and women to actively create their own gender roles

c. to contribute to order and stability in society

d. to ensure equal distribution of resources

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. A man is looked down upon for staying home and taking care of his children. Which theory would agree with this stance?

a. Structural functionalist

b. Conflict perspective

c. Symbolic interactionist

d. Social structuralist

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which theory focuses on macro-level social structures in terms of how institutions allocate resources, assign roles to girls and boys, and convey messages through these assigned roles?

a. structural functionalist

b. symbolic interactionist

c. conflict

d. gender as social structure

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. A woman is not allowed to be a member of the clergy in her church. According to conflict theory, what is the most likely explanation for this?

a. She does not have the right qualifications.

b. She has other functions in society that men cannot perform.

c. The position is reserved for seminary graduates.

d. Gender inequality is at play.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which perspective would look at the unequal allocation of resources in terms of how it is embedded in gender?

a. structural functionalist

b. symbolic interactionist

c. conflict

d. gender as social structure

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. How does conflict theory view the division of labor by gender?

a. Men and women both fulfill roles that help society continue to prosper.

b. Men and women work in jobs based on the associated gender with these jobs.

c. Men have more opportunity in higher paying professions that leaves women with less money and power.

d. Women choose jobs that are more nurturing and supportive, which is in line with their personality traits.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. How are housework and childcare most often distributed in a family in which both parents work?

a. Both parents put in time commensurate with how much they work.

b. Both parents share the work equally no matter how many hours they each work.

c. The man gradually increases the amount of work he does if the woman starts working more hours.

d. The woman does more of the housework and childcare no matter how many hours she works, even if it is more than the man.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which theory focuses on the socially created gender lessons we learn as children and how do they then define our actions as adults?

a. structural functionalist

b. symbolic interactionist

c. conflict

d. rational choice

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Symbolic interactionists who emphasize the ways that we actively create our genders are referred to as ______.

a. feminists

b. conflict theorists

c. structural functionalists

d. social constructionists

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Veronica carefully applies makeup and fixes her hair every day before leaving the house. A symbolic interactionist would say Veronica is ______.

a. creating her gender identity

b. fulfilling her gender role

c. ignoring cultural norms

d. undoing gender

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. According to symbolic interactionists, gender is ______.

a. inherent

b. fluid

c. always chosen

d. unconstrained by cultural norms

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The decisions men and women make about sharing childrearing is an example of ______.

a. social structure

b. cultural norms

c. institutional choice

d. social interaction

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which theory of gender is characterized by an openness to combine all other theories?

a. structural functionalist

b. symbolic interactionist

c. conflict

d. gender as social structure

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A More Inclusive Perspective: Gender as Social Structure

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. A sociologist proposes that gender should be studied from many different angles, rather than a single lens. Which theory would support this idea?

a. structural functionalist

b. conflict perspective

c. symbolic interactionist

d. gender as social structure

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A More Inclusive Theory: Gender as Social Structure

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which theory emphasizes that gender incorporates socialization, social interactions, and institutions and organizations and that these are all dimensions of every society’s gender structure?

a. structural functionalist

b. conflict perspective

c. symbolic interactionist

d. gender as social structure

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A More Inclusive Theory: Gender as Social Structure

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Gender ______ occurs as an individual learns the expectations of being a man or woman in a certain place and time.

a. script

b. socialization

c. segregation

d. role conflict

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Creating Gender and Sexual Identities, Recognizing Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. How do clothes represent gender socialization?

a. Girls naturally prefer soft colors to show their femininity.

b. Boys naturally prefer bold colors to show their masculinity.

c. Parents purchase clothing for their children that reflect their own gender preferences.

d. Parents purchase clothing that indicates and advertises their gender expectations of the child.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Starting Gender Socialization at Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of these illustrates how parents typically treat toddler girls as opposed to boys?

a. They speak to them by issuing instructions to them.

b. They use a physical style of play with them.

c. They speak to them in a conversational style.

d. They encourage gender conformity more than they do with boys.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Starting Gender Socialization at Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which statement is TRUE of children’s books and gender?

a. Most children’s books promote strong and independent girl characters.

b. There are more books for girls than for boys.

c. Most children’s books communicate how boys and girls should behave and what they should become.

d. Most children’s books feature a male main character.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender Socialization through Children’s Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. You are likely to see the greatest percentage of women teachers at the ______ level.

a. preschool

b. elementary school

c. middle school

d. college

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Learning Gender in School

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ describes the expectations for behaviors that are socially appropriate for a particular gender.

a. Sexuality

b. A gender script

c. Gender segregation

d. Intersexuality

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peers, Gender Socialization, and Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Young men who are expected to be hyper-masculine are more likely to ______.

a. engage in risky behaviors

b. engage in sexual activity at a young age

c. be a victim of sexual violence

d. show their emotions

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peers, Gender Socialization, and Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. C.J. Pascoe's research found that to be a "real man," you must be ______.

a. a good athlete

b. aggressive

c. emotional

d. heterosexual

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peers, Gender Socialization, and Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Which term pertains to the physical attraction an individual feels for another of a particular sex?

a. sexuality

b. intersexuality

c. transgender

d. gender script

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Media and Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Since 2001 in the United States, support for same-sex marriage has ______.

a. declined

b. increased

c. stayed the same

d. risen and fallen consistently, with no pattern emerging

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peers, Gender Socialization, and Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which term accurately describes the emotional and physical attraction to a particular sex?

a. sexuality

b. gender scripts

c. gender segregation

d. intersex

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Media and Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. In the acronym LGBTQAI+, what does the I stand for?

a. in-between

b. intersex

c. impartial

d. incremental

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Media and Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Preadolescent boys who watch the Disney Channel and music videos become more likely to see ______.

a. girls as strong and independent

b. women as sexual objects

c. boys with emotional sides

d. men as equal partners

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Music, TV, and Movies

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Socha lost her job when she refused sexual advances from her boss. She might be able to get help from ______, a legal defense fund for victims of sexual harassment.

a. #MeToo

b. ACLU

c. Times Up

d. Occupy

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Music, TV, and Film

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Which statement about men and women in media is TRUE?

a. Women are more likely to be newscasters.

b. News stories feature men and women about equally.

c. In print media, most bylines go to men.

d. In advertising, women are usually seen as the stronger partner.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: News and Advertisements

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Which advertisement received criticism from people who believed it was "dishonest and insulting to men"?

a. Budweiser Light

b. Swiffer WetJet

c. Crown Royal Canadian Whiskey

d. Gillette razors

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Challenging Stereotypes

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Although acceptance for LGBT people has grown in the United States, backlash has followed. In over half of the states in the United States, ______.

a. an employer can fire workers because of their sexual or gender identity.

b. same-sex marriage is illegal.

c. people are encouraged not to reveal their sexual identity.

d. hate crimes based on sexuality or gender are not recorded.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Media, Sexuality, and Backlash

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Which statement about people identifying as LGBT is TRUE?

a. Of those born before 1964, less than 1% identified as LGBT.

b. Fewer people are identifying as LGBT than a decade ago.

c. More women than men identify as LGBT.

d. Younger people are no more likely to identify as LGBT than their parents were.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Media, Sexuality, and Backlash

Difficulty Level: Hard

45. In which country is homosexuality punishable by death?

a. Tunisia

b. Egypt

c. Sudan

d. Malta

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Media, Sexuality, and Backlash

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. In the United States, women are more likely than men to ______.

a. hold an executive officer position

b. be on a board of directors

c. hold a job in science

d. hold an advanced degree

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. ______ is the disparity in income earned between men and women.

a. A glass ceiling

b. A glass elevator

c. The gender wage gap

d. Gender role confusion

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. A female medical student decides to specialize in pediatrics. How would a sociologist explain this student’s choice?

a. Men have the ability to choose more flexible, family-friendly specializations.

b. Women are innately more interested in specializations that work with family.

c. Men tend to opt for more physically demanding specializations, like anesthesiology.

d. Women are more likely to specialize in areas that are more in line with female gender roles.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Wage Gap and Segregation within Occupations

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. What is an example of the glass ceiling at work?

a. A man working in maintenance loses his job to downsizing.

b. A woman working as an office administrator is denied a raise.

c. A man working in middle management is told he cannot advance without a degree.

d. A woman working as a low level manager is passed over for a promotion in favor of a man.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Glass Ceiling

Difficulty Level: Hard

50. Which statement about employment and education is accurate?

a. Men earn more degrees and are more likely to get higher paying jobs.

b. Women earn more degrees but make less money than men.

c. Women are less likely to earn a college degree and more likely to stay at home.

d. Men are more likely to earn graduate degrees and higher paying jobs.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. A college-educated woman working as a mid-level manager has applied for an upper management position four times. A male with less education and experience ends up getting the promotion each time, even though her reviews are consistently above average. Which of the following is occurring?

a. gender wage gap

b. second shift

c. glass ceiling

d. glass elevator

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Glass Ceiling

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. ______ is the unofficial barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher levels of power within a work organization.

a. A glass ceiling

b. A glass elevator

c. The gender wage gap

d. Gender role confusion

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Glass Ceiling

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. In the United States, women who work full-time earn on average ______.

a. the same amount of money that men earn.

b. 50 cents for every dollar a man earns.

c. between 80 and 83 cents for every dollar a man earns.

d. 5 cents more for every dollar that a man earns.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Gender Wage Gap

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. Two college students meet at a bar and then have sex without any additional expectations of intimacy. What is this an example of?

a. sexual assault

b. sexual stalking

c. dating

d. hooking up

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hooking Up

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. In hooking up, men ______ and women ______.

a. control the sexual experience; are viewed more negatively

b. are viewed more negatively; pay a bigger emotional price

c. pay a bigger emotional price; are viewed more positively

d. are likely to have fewer hookups; lose status

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hooking Up

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Sex is a biological construct defined by certain internal and external parts of the body.

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. All transgender people have gender confirmation surgery.

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Structural functionalists see men and women as basically the same and in competition with each other.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Gender as social structure proposes that gender should be studied using a combination of all perspectives.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: A More Inclusive Perspective: Gender as Social Structure

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Gender socialization occurs as individuals learn to be a man or woman in different situations.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating Gender and Sexual Identities, Recognizing Sexualities

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Gender reveal parties are used by prospective parents to announce the sex of the baby.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Starting Gender Socialization at Birth

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Music is one of the only forms of media that does not teach gender.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Music, TV, and Movies

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Advertisers have started to break through gender stereotypes, but for the most part, still do not promote gender equality.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Challenging Stereotypes

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Until the last decade, men were more likely to complete an undergraduate college degree than were women.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A large reason why women do not enter the STEM fields is gender bias.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The gender wage gap has significantly declined since the 1990s.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Gender Wage Gap

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made pay discrimination against women employees illegal.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discrimination and the Wage Gap

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Movie producer Harvey Weinstein and Today Show host Matt Lauer both lost their jobs because of sexual misconduct.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Harassment

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Intimate relationships tend not to be gendered, as are more casual ones.

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Intimate Relationships

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. During the Colonial era, sexual activity outside marriage was extremely rare.

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Romantic Relationships in Historical Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Discuss the dilemmas that arise from an intersex assignment.

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How do structural functionalists describe gender, and how does gender affect roles?

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Structural Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What changes have occurred in U.S. labor force gender segregation?

Male-dominated professions tend to pay better than female-dominated professions.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain how gender socialization impacts professions in science, technology, engineering, and math.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How did sexual activity for women change during the Victorian Age?

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Romantic Relationships in Historical Context

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Differentiate between sex and gender.

Learning Objective: 8.1: What are the sociological definitions of sex, gender, intersex, and transgender?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Defining Sex, Gender, Intersex, and Transgender

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the conflict perspective on gender.

Learning Objective: 8.2: How do sociologists understand gender through the three major theoretical perspectives and the theory that sees gender as a social structure?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain how advertisers promote gender expectations, and how they challenge stereotypes.

Learning Objective: 8.3: How do we create our gender and sexual identities?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: News and Advertisements

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Dr. Sarah Rugheimer (2018), an astronomer and astrobiologist at Harvard, maintains a website with a bibliography of over 95 articles that document gender bias in STEM. Cite evidence used by Dr. Rugheimer to explain why gender socialization leads men into and women away from STEM fields.

Learning Objective: 8.4: How does gender affect workforce experiences?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Gender, Sexuality, and Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Why do college students engage in hooking up? Who is most likely to do so, and how are people who engage in this practice viewed by society?

Learning Objective: 8.5: How have rates of sexual activity among young adults in the United States changed since the 1950s?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hooking Up

Difficulty Level: Hard