Chapter 10: Understanding Institutions: Politics and the Economy

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Max Weber's definition of a state was focused on ______.

a. what the state does

b. who is in a position of power

c. how the state achieves its results

d. who is impacted by the state's actions

Learning Objective: 10.1: How do sociologists define the state?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State, Power, and Legitimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. According to Weber, the state may legitimately use ______ to achieve its ends.

a. physical force

b. social coercion

c. political elections

d. unilateral action

Learning Objective: 10.1: How do sociologists define the state?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Power and Legitimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. When a state uses power in a way that is NOT supported by its citizens, it is ______ power.

a. forced

b. authoritarian

c. illegitimate

d. unlawful

Learning Objective: 10.1: How do sociologists define the state?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State, Power, and Legitimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When a government decides to kill someone for committing a heinous crime by using the death penalty, it is ______.

a. using illegitimate power

b. using legitimate authority

c. demonstrating citizen rights

d. demonstrating charismatic domination

Learning Objective: 10.1: How do sociologists define the state?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legitimacy and the Right to Punish

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Hobbes argued that before humans became a civil society ruled by laws, they ______.

a. had no control over people's basic instincts

b. all had the same amount of power

c. lived long, peaceful lives

d. lived in a state of nature

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Easy

6."Might makes right," is another way of describing Hobbes' ______.

a. utopian society

b. state of nature

c. view of human nature

d. illegitimate use of power

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Game of Thrones was a television series in which individuals and groups competed for power by brutally killing their foes. There were no civil laws to protect the weak and vulnerable. Hobbes might call this ______.

a. a power-driven society

b. the state of nature

c. a conflict view of human nature

d. the illegitimate use of power

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Hobbes believed that when citizens gave the state the right to use legitimate violence to protect them, this would constitute ______.

a. capitulation

b. a kind of serfdom

c. a feudal state

d. a social contract

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A police officer arrived at the scene of a man holding a woman hostage at gunpoint. The officer shot and killed the man in order to protect the woman. This is acceptable behavior because the officer ______.

a. has legitimate power to shoot anyone he wants

b. has absolute power to hold the man accountable for his crime

c. has a social contract to protect citizens, even if he has to kill someone to do it

d. didn't know the man and wasn't personally involved

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. What was Jefferson referring to when he stated in the Declaration of Independence, "Governments are instituted by Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

a. the social contract

b. the state of nature

c. democratic domination

d. charismatic domination

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The Queen of England is one of a long line of rulers who gained their power by inheriting it. This is an example of ______ domination.

a. royal

b. traditional

c. rational-legal

d. charismatic

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traditional Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of Weber's forms of domination is based on "the authority of the eternal yesterday"?

a. historical

b. traditional

c. rational-legal

d. charismatic

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traditional Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. In which of Weber's forms of legitimate state power is power typically absolute and cannot be questioned or countermanded?

a. historical

b. traditional

c. rational-legal

d. elected

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Traditional Domination

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which of these states is ruled under a form of traditional domination?

a. the United States

b. Iraq

c. the Vatican

d. Cuba

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Traditional Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The office of president of the United States is an example of ______ domination.

a. charismatic

b. traditional

c. federal

d. rational-legal

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Leaders who derive their authority through a legally defined position are using ______ domination.

a. charismatic

b. traditional

c. electoral

d. rational-legal

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Domination

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. What is the best way to distinguish rational-legal domination from traditional domination?

a. whether the leader is duly elected or seizes power through force

b. whether power is vested in the office or the person who occupies the office

c. whether the person gains control through the devotion of followers or by election

d. whether the leader is beholden to a system or not

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Under which type of legitimate domination does the leader gain power because followers believe the leader possesses some extraordinary personal qualities?

a. charismatic

b. traditional

c. electoral

d. rational-legal

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Charismatic Domination

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to Weber's types of legitimate domination, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a ______ leader.

a. charismatic

b. traditional

c. popular

d. rational-legal

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which form or domination is the most inherently unstable?

a. charismatic

b. traditional

c. popular

d. rational-legal

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Putin has remained president of Russia for years, primarily because he has had a high public opinion rating in spite of problems with the national economy and accusations of government corruption. He was at one time ranked the world's most popular politician. Putin has probably maintained his power through ______.

a. the legitimate use of violence

b. the routinization of charisma

c. a power contract

d. rational-legal defiance

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Routinization of Charisma

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. States that are ruled by kings and queens are called ______.

a. autocracies

b. democracies

c. monarchies

d. parliaments

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Monarchy

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. During medieval times, a king was said to get his power through the doctrine of ______.

a. the royal proclamation

b. parliamentary law

c. the divine right of kings

d. the reign of royalty

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Monarchy

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The form of government that is typically used in rational-legal societies is ______.

a. autocracy

b. democracy

c. monarchy

d. parliamentary

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In ancient Athens, everyone had a say in decisions of the state. This describes ______.

a. representative democracy

b. popular rule

c. general elections

d. direct democracy

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. In ______ democracy, people vote to decide who will make decisions on state matters.

a. representative

b. indirect

c. general

d. direct

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. What is the primary reason elected officials must run for reelection periodically?

a. to make the people feel that have a say in government

b. to hold the politicians accountable to their constituents

c. to give special interests an opportunity to be heard

d. to solidify positions of the powerful

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. A system of government in which a small group of elites holds the power is a(n)______.

a. democracy

b. monarchy

c. autocracy

d. oligarchy

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oligarchy and Plutocracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. What system is a form of oligarchy in which power is held by a group of economic elites?

a. a financial oligarchy

b. a democracy

c. a plutocracy

d. apartheid

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oligarchy and Plutocracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Robert Michels believed that all representative democracies eventually become ______ because some members have a greater investment than others.

a. an oligarchy

b. a direct democracy

c. a plutocracy

d. a dictatorship

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Iron Law of Oligarchy

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. When democracies evolve into oligarchies because of a divide that grows between leaders of the organization and its members, this is called ______.

a. the inevitable transformation

b. a democratic oligarchy

c. the iron law of oligarchy

d. a voluntary transfer of power

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Iron Law of Oligarchy

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Dana was elected freshman class president, and three of her friends were also voted in as class officers. In fact, they were voted into these positions sophomore, junior and senior years also because no one else wanted the responsibility. Michels might say this is due to ______.

a. the inevitable decay of participation

b. a democratic stalemate

c. the iron law of oligarchy

d. the voluntary transfer of power

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Iron Law of Oligarchy

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. According to Michels, elected leaders' priority must be ______.

a. holding onto their positions

b. keeping promises to constituents

c. raising money

d. supporting their party

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Iron Law of Oligarchy

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Why do some researchers feel the United States is more of an oligarchy than a democracy?

a. Politicians pay more attention to individuals and groups that give them money.

b. Politicians pay more attention to voters that attend town halls and use social media.

c. Government is beholden to too many disparate groups.

d. The people don't care who is elected as long as they have jobs and security.

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The United States and the Iron Law of Oligarchy

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. President X rules a country in which his authority is NOT restricted in any way. It is most likely that President X's form of government is ______.

a. an oligarchy

b. a direct democracy

c. a plutocracy

d. an autocracy

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Autocracy and Dictatorships

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Most autocratic governments are ______.

a. democracies

b. dictatorships

c. plutocracies

d. oligarchies

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Autocracy and Dictatorships

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq with absolute power through the use of fear and terror. He was a ______.

a. dictator

b. traditional leader

c. rational-legal leader

d. revolutionary

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Autocracy and Dictatorships

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. ______ is like autocracy except the government attempts to control every aspect of life – social, political, and economic.

a. Democracy

b. Totalitarianism

c. Plutocracy

d. Dictatorship

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Totalitarianism

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Nazism is an example of ______ that was driven by a race-based identity movement.

a. an autocracy

b. totalitarianism

c. a plutocracy

d. a dictatorship

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimate the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Totalitarianism

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Elected officials in the United States must balance demands from both the interest groups who helped elect them and constituents in their districts. This is the struggle associated with ______.

a. direct democracy

b. the power elite

c. pluralism

d. distributive power

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pluralism

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Pluralist theory sees the state as a ______ forum, where different groups make their preferences known.

a. competitive

b. antagonistic

c. destabilizing

d. neutral

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pluralism

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Conflict theorists see the state as a ______ forum, where a dominant elite is able to control policy.

a. battleground

b. balanced

c. diffused

d. neutral

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conflict Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Many in the United States believe that policy that affects everyone is in the hands of a very few, wealthy individuals who have the power to shape policy to benefit themselves. C. Wright Mills calls this the ______.

a. power elite

b. economic powers

c. financial executives

d. political elite

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Which sphere of the power elite includes various appointed Congressional aides, advisors, and agency directors?

a. the corporate elite

b. the political elite

c. the military elite

d. the government elite

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. C. Wright Mills called the military elite the ______.

a. conscience of the nation

b. real power elite

c. warlords

d. true patriots

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. G. William Domhoff's ______ theory suggests that the economic elite can control society because of their power over the workings of the economy.

a. distributive justice

b. economic distribution

c. elite power

d. class domination

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: G. William Domhoff and Class Domination

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Of the three elites—political, military and economic, Domhoff sees ______ as the most powerful.

A. political

b. military

c. economic

d. none

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: G. William Domhoff and Class Domination

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. Who first used the phrase, "It's the economy, stupid," as an unofficial campaign slogan?

a. George W. Bush

b. Bill Clinton

c. Ronald Reagan

d. Richard Nixon

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and the Economy

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. The systematic transformation of an economy from a focus on agricultural production to one focused on the manufacturing of finished goods is called ______.

a. industrialization

b. the manufacturing era

c. the production era

d. the economic turning point

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. The system of mass production of standardized, relatively inexpensive products by unskilled workers paid wages sufficient to purchase those products is called ______.

a. Fordism

b. automotive economics

c. industrialized manufacturing

d. non-specialized manufacturing

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fordism and Post-Fordism

Difficulty Level: Easy

51. Prayla lives in a society where competition helps keep the prices of goods down and quality high. She most likely lives in a ______ society.

a. socialist

b. capitalist

c. communist

d. laissez-faire

Learning Objective: 10.7: How do capitalism and socialism differ?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Capitalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. Denmark is an example of a ______ country, in which health care and college education are paid for by the government for all citizens.

a. democratic socialist

b. capitalist

c. communist

d. laissez-faire

Learning Objective: 10.7: How do capitalism and socialism differ?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Socialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. In Drava's ideal country, there is no private ownership of property. All citizens are considered socially and economically equal; there is no need for anyone to rule the country. This is the definition of a ______ system.

a. socialist

b. capitalist

c. communist

d. laissez-faire

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Communism

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. In the former Soviet Union, the Communist Party made all decisions about goods being produced. This is a ______.

a. shared production system

b. people-controlled mechanism

c. socialist economic power

d. command economy

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Communism

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Which statement about fascism is true?

a. Fascist societies have always had very different goals and styles.

b. Fascism is usually considered to be a right-wing political ideology.

c. Fascist societies abhor displays of military might.

d. The economic goal of fascist societies is to let the people control the means of production and break down class structures.

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fascism

Difficulty Level: Medium

True False

1. Hobbes describes the life of people living in the state of nature as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The People's Republic of China is an oligarchy because it is controlled by the Communist Party.

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimize the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Oligarchy and Plutocracy

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Dictators can be charismatic leaders, drawing their support from citizens with their personalities.

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimize the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Autocracy and Dictatorships

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Structural functionalism sees society as a complex system where each part serves a purpose in maintaining the stability of the status quo.

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structural Functionalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The three spheres of the power elite operate independently with different goals and objectives.

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Non-profit think tanks and foundations that are funded by the corporate community and the upper class are called the corporate community.

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: G. William Domhoff and Class Domination

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Marx felt that the nature of a state's economy was the most important factor in which political system the state operated under.

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and the Economy

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Claudia won $560 million dollars in the lottery, and she immediately quit her job, bought a penthouse apartment in Chicago, and hired a chauffeur to drive her around while she shopped at high-end stores. Claudia demonstrates the concept of extreme shopping.

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The shift away from mass production to more specialized production in smaller quantities is called Post-Fordism.

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fordism and Post-Fordism

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Of the top ten most profitable companies on the 2018 Fortune 500 list, only one manufactures products.

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Deindustrialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The unregulated laissez-faire economy of Marx's time exists today in a few European countries.

Learning Objective: 10.7: How do capitalism and socialism differ?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Capitalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Many Americans like the idea of the government providing certain benefits to citizens, such as welfare, but NOT the concept of socialism.

Learning Objective: 10.7: How do capitalism and socialism differ?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Socialism

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The Soviet Union was the only country that ever came close to Marx's ideal of the communist state.

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Communism

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Fascism is a form of socialism.

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fascism

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Fascism is generally considered a twentieth century ideology.

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fascism

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Describes Hobbes’ concept of the social contract.

Learning Objective: 10.2: Where does the state's monopoly on the legitimate use of violence come from?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hobbes' State of Nature and the Social Contract

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Why is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. considered to be a charismatic leader?

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Describe the concept of the divine right of kings. Do modern day royals still operate under this doctrine, in your opinion?

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimize the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Monarchy

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How did Fordism change manufacturing in the United States, and what impact did it have on workers?

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Fordism and Post-Fordism

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Socialism is a term that is used a lot, and many people misunderstand it. Differentiate between socialism and democratic socialism.

Learning Objective: 10.7: How do capitalism and socialism differ?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Socialism

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Compare and contrast the three types of legitimate power as outlined by Max Weber, and give an example of each one.

Learning Objective: 10.3: How does the state determine who gets to control its power?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Forms of Legitimate Domination

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Differentiate between direct democracy and representative democracy. When did direct democracy exist, and are there places with direct democracy today?

Given the impossibility of this sort of system working with populations as large as those of most modern states, a different system of democracy has evolved. Under this system of representative democracy, citizens do not actively vote on every single issue the government must address but instead vote to elect a group of representatives who then make decisions on behalf of the voters who elected them.

Learning Objective: 10.4: How do states that legitimize the power of their leaders in different ways evolve different forms of government?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Democracy

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain C. Wright Mill’s concept of the power elite, and differentiate between the three types that he described.

The political elite include not only certain elected officials, such as the President, the Congressional leaders of both the Republican and Democratic parties, and the chairs of certain powerful Congressional committees, but also various appointed aides, advisors, and agency directors, many of whom have terms of service that span multiple presidential administrations.

The military elite consists of high-ranking current and former members of the armed forces. They draw their power from the status and honors afforded to warriors in most societies and use that power to influence decisions in the name of “patriotism” and “security.”

Learning Objective: 10.5: What different answers can pluralism, elite theory, and class domination theory provide to the question of "who rules America"?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: C. Wright Mills and the Power Elite

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How did industrialization change manufacturing, and consequently class structure in the United States?

Learning Objective: 10.6: How have changes in the way societies produce goods and services in the modern era been linked to changes in the way societies consume?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Industrialization

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How does socialism differ from communism?

Learning Objective: 10.8: How are communism and fascism distinct from other political and economic systems?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Communism

Difficulty Level: Hard