Test Bank Chapter 7 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Student name:__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

A) protons
B) isotopes
C) radioactivity
D) neutrons
E) electrons

2) Alpha particles are identical to

A) protons.
B) helium atoms.
C) hydrogen atoms.
D) helium nuclei.
E) electrons.

3) Beta particles are identical to

A) protons.
B) helium atoms.
C) hydrogen atoms.
D) helium nuclei.
E) electrons.

4) Which is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus?

A) [MISSING IMAGE: "picture", "picture" ]
B) [MISSING IMAGE: "picture", "picture" ]
C)
D)
E)

5) What is the name given to the nuclear process that results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, or other nuclei?

A) nuclear transmutation
B) protonation
C) nucleation
D) nuclear condensation
E) radioactivity

6) As a result of beta decay, the product nucleus is

A) one atomic number lower than the original element.
B) two atomic numbers higher than the original element.
C) one atomic number higher than the original element.
D) two atomic numbers lower than the original element.
E) four atomic numbers lower than the original element.

7) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

8) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

9) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

10)

A) gamma particle
B) alpha particle
C) proton
D) beta particle
E) positron

11)

A) gamma particle
B) alpha particle
C) proton
D) beta particle
E) positron

12) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

13) Which equation correctly represents electron capture by thenucleus?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

14)

A) Ra-224
B) Rn-224
C) Rn-216
D) At-220
E) Po-216

15) Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) None of the answers is correct.

16) What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

A) gamma particle
B) alpha particle
C) positron
D) beta particle
E) None of the answers is correct.

17)

A) Ac-234
B) Pa-234
C) Ac-235
D) Pa-235
E) Ac-233

18) Uranium-235 decays by alpha emission. What isotope is also produced by this transformation?

A) Pa-234
B) Th-237
C) Pu-237
D) Th-231
E) Pu-239

19) The only stable isotope of aluminum is aluminum-27. What type of radioactive decay should be expected from?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

20) Iodine-131, t1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

A) 2.0 days
B) 16 days
C) 32 days
D) 128 days
E) None of the answers is correct.

21) Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years. How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

A) 0.0024 g
B) 0.078 g
C) 0.25 g
D) 0.50 g
E) 80.0 g

22) What fraction of radioactive atoms remains in a sample after six half-lives?

A) zero
B) 1/6
C) 1/16
D) 1/32
E) 1/64

23) Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years. Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

A) 1/5
B) 1/16
C) 1/26
D) 1/32
E) 1/64

24) Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge, England, has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood. How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

A) Less than 5730 yr
B) Between 5730 and 11,460 yr
C) Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr
D) More than 17,190 yr

25) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

A) 0.029 yr
B) 7.4 yr
C) 9.1 yr
D) 16 yr
E) 35 yr

26) The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found, what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

A) 3.0 × 10⁻²
B) 0.20
C) 3.5
D) 0.33
E) 0.29

27) </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) None of the answers is correct.

30)

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31)

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

32)

A) 7β
B) 3α
C) 4n
D)
E) 15p

33) Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of degrees)?

A) beta decay
B) fission reaction
C) fusion reaction
D) alpha decay
E) positron emission

34) The energy released by the sun is the result of

A) natural radioactivity.
B) nuclear fusion.
C) combustion of hydrogen.
D) photosynthesis.
E) nuclear fission.

35) What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

A) photonuclear reactions
B) nuclear fission
C) thermal conductivity
D) nuclear combination
E) nuclear fusion

36) What is the nuclear process called in which a heavy nuclear of mass number greater than 200 divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutron(s)?

A) photonuclear reactions
B) nuclear fission
C) thermal conductivity
D) nuclear combination
E) nuclear fusion

37) Which of the following is used to image the brain?

A) ¹⁸O
B) ¹³¹I
C) ¹²³I
D) ²⁴Na
E) ⁹⁹Tc

38) Which of the following is used to image the heart?

A) ¹⁸O
B) ¹³¹I
C) ¹²³I
D) ²⁴Na
E) ⁹⁹Tc

39)

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

A) ¹⁸O
B) ¹³¹I
C) ¹²³I
D) ²⁴Na
E) ⁹⁹Tc

40)

Which of the following is used to test the activity of the thyroid?

A) ¹⁸O
B) ¹³¹I
C) ¹²³I
D) ²⁴Na
E) ⁹⁹Tc