Ch9 Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table Test Bank Docx

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) When applying the scientific method, it is important to avoid any form of hypothesis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The mass of a neutron is equal to the mass of a proton plus the mass of an electron.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Almost all the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Copper (Cu) is a transition metal.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Lead (Pb) is a main group element.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
6) What is a unifying principle that explains a body of experimental observations?

A) law
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) phenomena
E) prediction

7) What is the term used for findings that are summarized based on a pattern or trend?

A) law
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) phenomena
E) prediction

8) Which of the following is an example of an observation?

A) Gases expand as their temperature increases because the gas molecules are moving more rapidly.
B) Paraffin wax begins to melt at 57°C.
C) Three samples of wax are heated to 75°C.
D) The force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
E) Will all waxes melt at the same temperature?

9) Which of these scientists developed the nuclear model of the atom?

A) John Dalton
B) Robert Millikan
C) J. J. Thomson
D) Henry Moseley
E) Ernest Rutherford

10) Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that

A) protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom.
B) electrons have a negative charge.
C) electrons have a positive charge.
D) atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
E) protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons.

11) Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?

A) Dalton
B) Gay-Lussac
C) Thomson
D) Chadwick
E) Rutherford

12) Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha (α) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of the atom?

A) the small size of the nucleus
B) the charge on the nucleus
C) the total mass of the atom
D) the existence of protons
E) the presence of electrons outside the nucleus

13) Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?

A) Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.
B) The proton and the neutron have identical masses.
C) The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.
D) A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
E) An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

14) What is the term for the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element? It also indicates the number of electrons in the atom.

A) isotope number
B) mass number
C) mass-to-charge ratio
D) atomic number
E) atomic mass units

15) The elements in a column of the periodic table are known as

A) metalloids.
B) a period.
C) noble gases.
D) a group.
E) nonmetals.

16) Which of the following is a nonmetal?

A) Lithium, Li, Z = 3
B) Bromine, Br, Z = 35
C) Mercury, Hg, Z = 80
D) Bismuth, Bi, Z = 83
E) Sodium, Na, Z = 11

17) Which of the following is a metal?

A) Nitrogen, N, Z = 7
B) Phosphorus, P, Z = 15
C) Arsenic, As, Z = 33
D) Thallium, Tl, Z = 81
E) Silicon, Si, Z = 14

18) Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) Carbon, C, Z = 6
B) Sulfur, S, Z = 16
C) Germanium, Ge, Z = 32
D) Iridium, Ir, Z = 77
E) Bromine, Br, Z = 35

19) A row of the periodic table is called a(n)

A) group.
B) period.
C) isotopic mixture.
D) family.
E) subshell.

20) In the periodic table, atoms are arranged in order of

A) increasing atomic mass.
B) increasing atomic number.
C) physical properties.
D) periodicity.
E) chemical reactivities.

21) The elements in Group 7A are known by what name?

A) transition metals
B) halogens
C) alkali metals
D) alkaline earth metals
E) noble gases

22) The elements in Group 2A are known by what name?

A) transition metals
B) halogens
C) alkali metals
D) alkaline earth metals
E) noble gases

23) The alkali metal elements are found in _______ of the periodic table.

A) Group 1A
B) Group 2A
C) Group 3A
D) Period 7
E) Period 1

24) Which element would be expected to have properties similar to calcium?

A) Ba
B) K
C) Sc
D) Na
E) Rb

25) Which element would be expected to have properties similar to argon?

A) F
B) Cl
C) H
D) Br
E) Kr

26) Which element would be expected to have properties similar to antimony?

A) Se
B) Sn
C) P
D) As
E) Pb

27) What elements and groups have properties that are most similar to those of chlorine?

A) F, Br, I, and nonmetals in Group 7A
B) Cl, K, C, and metals in Group 1B
C) N, P, As, and lanthanides
D) He, Ne, Xe, and nonmetals in Group 7A
E) O, S, and P

28) Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of potassium?

A) Magnesium
B) Sodium
C) Sulfur
D) Chlorine
E) Iron

29) Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of oxygen?

A) Magnesium
B) Sodium
C) Sulfur
D) Chlorine
E) Iron

30) Which of these elements exhibits chemical behavior similar to that of silver?

A) Nickel
B) Gold
C) Sulfur
D) Chlorine
E) Iron

31) In what groups are transition metals located?

A) 1A, 7A, and 1B
B) 2A, 4A, and 7A
C) 1B through 8B
D) 2B and 3B through 6B
E) 3A through 6A

32) Which one of these elements is a transition element?

A) Sr
B) Pb
C) As
D) Fe
E) H

33) Which one of these elements is a transition element?

A) Nickel
B) Tin
C) Sodium
D) Sulfur
E) Calcium

34) Which of these elements is chemically similar to magnesium?

A) Sulfur
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Nickel
E) Potassium

35) Which of these elements is chemically similar to oxygen?

A) Sulfur
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Nickel
E) Potassium

36) Which of these elements is chemically similar to potassium?

A) Calcium
B) Arsenic
C) Phosphorus
D) Cerium
E) Cesium

37) <p>What element is represented by X in the atomic symbol notation?</p>

A) Iridium
B) Platinum
C) Palladium
D) Selenium
E) Magnesium

38) Determine the number of electrons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 17 protons and 18 neutrons.

A) <p>17 electrons,
B) 18 electrons,
C) 17 electrons,
D) 17 electrons,
E) 18 electrons,

39) Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for the isotope gold-197.The symbol for gold is Au.

A) 118 protons, 118 electrons, 79 neutrons
B) 79 protons, 79 electrons, 118 neutrons
C) 79 protons, 79 electrons, 39 neutrons
D) 118 protons, 118 electrons, 39 neutrons
E) 79 protons, 39 electrons, 118 neutrons

40) Determine the number of protons and identify the correct symbol for an atom with 20 neutrons and 20 electrons.

A) 20 protons,
B) 20 protons,
C) 20 protons,
D) 40 protons,
E) 40 protons,

41) C(graphite) and C(diamond) are examples of

A) isotopes of carbon.
B) allotropes of carbon.
C) the law of definite proportions.
D) different carbon ions.

42) <p>Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81,.Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, number of neutrons, and mass number, respectively.</p>

A) 35, 46, 81
B) 35, 81, 46
C) 81, 46, 35
D) 46, 81, 35
E) 35, 81, 116

43) Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions:

Which of the following are isotopes of the same element?

A) I andII
B) I andIV
C) II andIV
D) III andIV
E) I andIII

44) Which isotope is not possible?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) All of these isotopes are possible.

45) Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are called

A) Ions.
B) Neutrons.
C) chemical groups.
D) chemical families.
E) Isotopes.

46) How many neutrons are there in an atom of lead whose mass number is 208?

A) 82
B) 126
C) 208
D) 290
E) None of the answers is correct.

47) An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n = neutron, e = electron)

A) 15 p, 16 n, 15 e
B) 16 p, 15 n, 16 e
C) 16 p, 31 n, 16 e
D) 32 p, 31 n, 32 e
E) 16 p, 16 n, 15 e

48) Give the number of protons (p), electrons (e), and neutrons (n) in one atom of chlorine-37.

A) 37 p, 37 e, 17 n
B) 17 p, 17 e, 37 n
C) 17 p, 17 e, 20 n
D) 37 p, 17 e, 20 n
E) 17 p, 37 e, 17 n

49) Two isotopes of an element differ only in their

A) symbol.
B) atomic number.
C) atomic mass.
D) number of protons.
E) number of electrons.

50) Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, ²⁸Si, ²⁹Si, and ³⁰Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon.

A) 29.2252 amu
B) 28.9757 amu
C) 28.7260 amu
D) 28.0855 amu
E) 27.9801 amu

51) Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells, storage batteries, and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015123 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016005 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9412 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A) 92.53%
B) 86.65%
C) 49.47%
D) 7.47%
E) 6.015%