Chapter 4: Cultural Contexts and Career Counseling

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Clients’ approaches to work, their views of appropriate work, and the role that they want work to play in their lives are all shaped by ______ factors.

A. familial

B. educational

C. psychological

D. contextual

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Contexts and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. An awareness of one’s own cultural beliefs and assumptions as a counselor is ______.

A. mandated by the NCDA

B. strongly encouraged

C. an emphasis of personal, but not career, counseling

D. optional, depending upon one’s university

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Contexts and Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Culturally responsive career counseling is recommended for ______.

A. women

B. ethnic/racial minorities

C. men

D. all persons

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culturally Responsive Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. True or False: Effective counselors treat all people the same.

A. True. This is the ethical thing to do.

B. False. Each client is a unique individual.

C. True. Equality must be documented for legal reasons.

D. False. Due to varying intellectual abilities, the same performance cannot be expected out of everyone.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culturally Responsive Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Fouad and Kantamneni’s three-dimensional model examines individual characteristics, group-level variables, and the broader society in which a person lives. One criticism of the model, however, is that ______.

A. it fails to account for gender-related variables

B. it does not adequately account for the experiences of ethnic minorities

C. it does not address the intersections between gender and social class, or social class and race

D. it does not take into account economic realities

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fouad and Kantamneni’s Three-Dimensional Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The third dimension of Fouad and Kantamneni’s three-dimensional model is ______.

A. individual factors

B. societal factors

C. economic factors

D. historical factors

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fouad and Kantamneni’s Three-Dimensional Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Fouad and Kantamneni’s three-dimensional model includes individual characteristics, group-level characteristics, and ______ characteristics.

A. societal

B. generational

C. occupational

D. spiritual

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fouad and Kantamneni’s Three-Dimensional Model

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. When counselors are “gender blind,” that is, they ignore differences between men and women, they may be engaging in ______.

A. alpha bias

B. beta bias

C. chi bias

D. delta bias

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Group-Level Variables

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Marty is an undergraduate student whose biology professor encouraged him to consider applying to the nursing program. Marty says he does not think that men are natural caregivers and questions whether he will be successful in the field. Which best describes Marty’s thinking?

A. He has an alpha bias and is overinterpreting sex differences as essential qualities.

B. He has a beta bias and is overinterpreting sex differences as essential qualities.

C. He has an alpha bias and is ignoring sex differences.

D. He has a beta bias and is ignoring sex differences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Group-Level Variables

Difficulty Level: Difficult

10. By emphasizing ______ variability, alpha bias leads to minimization of ______ variability.

A. across-group; between-group

B. between-group; across-group

C. within-group; between-group

D. between-group; within-group

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Group-Level Variables

Difficulty Level: Difficult

11. Which statement best describes traditional socialization patterns and messages on women and men?

A. Traditional patterns and messages no longer exert pressure on women and men.

B. Traditional patterns and messages no longer exert pressure on women but do impact men.

C. Traditional patterns and messages continue to exert subtle influences on the work decisions of both women and men.

D. Traditional patterns and messages continue to impact women but have little influence on men.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What has research found regarding ethnic minority children’s career dreams?

A. There are racial/ethnic differences in both children’s career dreams and in the careers that children expect to do.

B. There are no racial/ethnic differences in children’s career dreams or in the careers that children expect to do.

C. There are racial/ethnic differences in children’s career dreams, but there are no differences in the careers that children expect to do.

D. There are no racial/ethnic differences in children’s career dreams, but there are differences in the careers that children expect to do.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race/Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Jonah was raised in a lower income family. Which of the following is likely to be true?

A. He is more likely to receive career guidance and information from his parents, who hope he will have better opportunities than they did.

B. He is unlikely to receive more career guidance from his parents, but he is more likely to have high career aspirations.

C. He is less likely to receive career guidance and information from his parents, and he is less likely to have strong career aspirations.

D. He is likely to receive both career guidance and information from his parents and to have higher career aspirations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relational and Familial Influences

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Amena seeks your assistance in finding a job that will help her support her family. They have recently immigrated to the United States. Amena’s husband was killed before the family fled Syria. She and her three daughters reside with Amena’s mother in housing provided by a refugee resettlement organization. Amena’s mother has offered to watch the children after school, so Amena does not need to worry about childcare, but Amena cries as she talks about leaving them for eight or more hours a day. Chapter 4 identifies six central tenets that characterize traditional career counseling but cautions that counselors working from a multicultural perspective need to guard against these. Select four of these six tenets and briefly describe why you would avoid relying on these tenets in your work with Amena.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Multicultural Career Counseling Tenets

Difficulty Level: Medium