Chapter 7: Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Person-environment psychology asserts ______.

A. people influence their environment, but the environment does not influence people

B. the environment influences people, but people do not influence the environment

C. there is a reciprocal relationship between people and their environment

D. there is no relationship between people and their environment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Holland’s theory is based on the underlying premise that career choice is an expression of one’s ______.

A. culture

B. personality

C. intelligence

D. socioeconomic status

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The match between a person and his or her work environment is known as ______.

A. differentiation

B. coherence

C. congruence

D. satisfaction

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The relationship between job satisfaction and person–environment fit is best described as ______.

A. a positive relationship (i.e., as one increases, the other increases)

B. a negative relationship (as one decreases, the other increases)

C. a relationship that needs more research

D. none of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Which of the following Holland codes would be the most consistent?

A. RIA

B. RSE

C. CAI

D. IES

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Which of the following assessments is based on Holland’s codes?

A. the MMPI-2

B. the 16 PF

C. the Self-Directed Search

D. OKCIS

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Directions and Implications for Career Counseling

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. With regard to Holland’s type theory, which of the following is true?

A. Most people have one dominant type with others that are secondary.

B. Most people are purely one type.

C. Men tend to have multiple types, while women have one primary type.

D. Two codes can never be “tied” with one another.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. When there is a clear distinction between what an individual likes and dislikes there is said to be ______.

A. congruence

B. consistency

C. differentiation

D. clarity of identity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which of the RIASEC “types” might be best described as “practical, modest, and traditional?”

A. R

B. I

C. A

D. S

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the RIASEC “types” is best characterized by a self-concept described as “ambitious, sociable, aggressive, and adventuresome?”

A. I

B. A

C. S

D. E

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. During his first session with a career counselor, Alejandro reflects that his favorite job in college was as a camp counselor. He remembers he loved working with kids, teaching them how to swim, how to use a map, and watching the joy on their faces when they mastered the obstacle course. It is likely Alejandro’s Holland Code includes which letter?

A. A

B. C

C. I

D. S

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. True or False: Knowing a client’s type, in terms of Holland’s theory, helps a counselor predict how counseling will proceed.

A. True. A person who is investigative will enjoy researching occupations and will ask many questions about the assessment results.

B. False. Knowing a person’s type helps in making career decisions, but has little to do with that person’s engagement in counseling.

C. True. A person who is enterprising will enjoy researching occupations and will ask many questions about the assessment results.

D. False. Counselors must rely on a full battery of tests to predict how counseling will proceed, not on the results of a single test.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Interventions

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Holland identified four constructs that describe the relationships among types within people or environments and between people and environments. Identify these four constructs, briefly describe them, and indicate how they are useful in making predictions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introductory Review

Difficulty Level: Medium