Test Bank Chapter 3 Fordism And Organizational Commuication

CHAPTER THREE: FORDISM AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUICATION

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Early theories of management and organizational communication are connected to the ______ tension society was experiences in the 20^th century.
   1. Marxist and Fordist
   2. radical and environmental
   3. cultural and radical
   4. social and political

Answer Location: Introduction

1. ______ was a member of the Progressive Movement.
   1. Wallace Donham
   2. Stephen Axley
   3. Teddy Roosevelt
   4. Joseph Wharton

Answer Location: The Fordist Organization

1. Although the Gilded Age was associated with wealth created by industrialization, citizens also experienced ______.
   1. political isolation
   2. poverty
   3. decentralization
   4. activism

Answer Location: The Fordist Organization

1. As a waitress, Lucia greets all of her customers with a smile and maintains a positive demeanor throughout their meals, even if a customer is demanding or rude. She is engaged in ______.
   1. rationalization
   2. disenchantment
   3. emotional labor
   4. charismatic labor

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Bureaucracy

1. Which of the following is a basic principle of scientific management?
2. The work task is designed according to “rules of thumb.”
3. Workers choose their own work and train themselves.
4. Equal division of work between management and workers
5. Workers are responsible for both the planning labor of work.

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

1. The way in which Taylor’s system is practically implemented requires a model of communication that is consistent with the discourse of ______.
2. representation
3. understanding
4. suspicion
5. vulnerability

Answer Location: The Emergence of the Cultural Approach

1. Alex notices how efficient Sam is in the factory, however she believes that productivity can be increased by almost 200% if she gives the employee a 50% salary increase. Which management theory provides the foundation for this effort to increase productivity?
2. Taylor’s scientific management
3. Gilbreths’ scientific management
4. Weber’s bureaucracy
5. Braverman’s craft system

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

1. Keegan is far from satisfied in his job. Sure, he gets a paycheck, but he feels like he is treated more like a robot rather than a creative, intelligent human being. Management in this workplace most closely resemble which theorist’s view of the worker?
2. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
3. Elton Mayo
4. Frederick Taylor
5. Emile Durkheim

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Scientific Management

1. Which of the following is an example of scientific management in today’s workplace?
2. Telephone sales in which the caller follows a script.
3. Employees work in teams to come up with best practices for completing tasks.
4. Monthly employee recognition ceremonies.
5. Employees do community outreach projects with the local YMCA.

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

1. According to Weber, the rationality of modern human society ______.
2. led to a broadening of human vision
3. became more about planning and efficiency
4. increased compensation for employees
5. aas the only road to truth and social harmony

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Bureaucracy

1. According to Weber’s perspective, industry leaders such as John D. Rockefeller and Steve Jobs exhibited which type of authority?
2. traditional
3. charismatic
4. rational-legal
5. communal

Answer Location: Charismatic Authority

1. Andrew is part of an organization in which the organizational rules and regulations are clearly defined in its governing documents and organizational members are treated impartially. From Weber’s perspective, which form of authority best characterizes this organization?
2. traditional
3. charismatic
4. rational-legal
5. capitalist

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Authority

1. Weber argued that the rational-legal authority system and its bureaucratic structure promoted the development of capitalism because ______.
2. bureaucracy enhances the speed of business operations
3. business people are encouraged to make decisions for emotional reasons
4. bureaucracy encourages innovation
5. bureaucracy increase collaboration

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Authority

1. No Child Left Behind (in which each student must meet government mandated standards) is an example of the education process as ______.
2. departmentalized
3. humanized
4. corporatized
5. rationalized

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Bureaucracy

1. Jennifer works for an organization where favoritism and nepotism are the order of the day; despite her excellent work skills and qualifications, she is unable to get promoted and is thinking of leaving the organization. From Weber’s perspective, which form of authority best characterizes this organization?
2. traditional
3. charismatic
4. rational-legal
5. capitalist

Answer Location: Traditional Authority

1. The workers in an automobile factory know that they can perform tasks faster than they already do, but they collectively limit their output in order to limit management’s knowledge of the labor process. This is called ______.
   1. scientific management
   2. natural soldiering
   3. systematic soldiering
   4. systematic withholding

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

1. Elton Mayo conducted a number of studies that looked at industrial relations. The ______ was one of the earliest examples of qualitative, naturalistic research in the workplace.
   1. Relay Assembly Test Room Studies
   2. Illumination Study
   3. Interview Program
   4. Bank Wiring Observation Room Study

Answer Location: The Bank Wiring Observation Room Study

1. Rhonda places emphasis on social groups that fosters a connection because she believes that these relationships lead to more communication and connect workers. This best represents ______.
   1. Human Relations Theory
   2. Taylor’s Scientific Theory
   3. Human Resources Management
   4. Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory

Answer Location: The Bank Wiring Observation Room Study

1. In Taylor’s system of scientific management, the primary place where managers located control of the labor process was in the ______.
   1. supervisor who observed how each worker performed his/her work
   2. worker’s body
   3. impersonal system of rules and regulations that dictated how work was performed
   4. integration of conception and execution of work into each worker

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Scientific Management

1. The process of making a McDonald’s cheeseburger has been “perfected” over time to be extremely efficient; in fact, there’s a 700-page manual that explains how this is done. What concept most aptly identifies this process?
   1. Taylor’s “One Best Way”
   2. Taylor’s “Worker Satisfaction”
   3. the Gilbreths’ “Time and Motion”
   4. Weber’s “Iron Cage of Bureaucracy”

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Scientific Management

True/False

1. Forms of control in the Fordist work place included moving assembly lines and careful monitoring.

Answer Location: Direct, Technological, and Bureaucratic Forms of Control

1. The separation of work and life was reconsidered by leader in the Fordist Era because there was a belief that employees worked better when they could focus on both areas.

Answer Location: Clear Work-Life Separation

1. Advertising as a means of selling goods and services emerged during the Fordist period.

Answer Location: The Emergence of a Consumer Society

1. Workers’ attempts to get better pay and safer working conditions help to strengthen capitalism in the United States.

Answer Location: The Fordist Organization

1. One of the sociopolitical issues of the time was addressing the disparities between rich and poor that grew out of capitalism.

Answer Location: Fordism as a Sociopolitical System

1. The progressive ideology of the early 1900s connected efficiency with social harmony.

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principle of Scientific Management

1. Max Weber was a sociologist, economist, and philosopher who studied the historical development of civilizations.

Answer Location: Fordism and Bureaucracy

1. Frederick Taylor saw communication and cooperation amongst workers as problematic.

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Scientific Management

1. Scientific management was ultimately rejected in favor of a human relations approach to management.

Answer Location: Critically Assessing Human Resources Management

1. Taylor’s writings are generally descriptive, whereas Weber’s are prescriptive.

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

Fill-in-the-blank

1. Fordism was associated with mass production and mass ______.

Answer Location: Production-Oriented, With Large Economies of Scale

1. The process by which all aspects of the natural and social world become increasingly subject to planning, calculation, and efficiency is ______.

Answer Location: A Critical Assessment of Bureaucracy

1. ______ is the deliberate and coordinated effort of workers to restrict output by limiting the speed at which they perform work.

Answer Location: The Bank Wiring Observation Room Study

1. Scientific management was developed by an engineer named ______.

Answer Location: Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management

1. The ______ under Fordism was such that skilled workers competed a number of repetitive tasks.

Answer Location: A Divided, Deskilled Labor Process

1. According to Weber, authority based in custom and tradition is ______ authority.

Answer Location: Traditional Authority

1. According to Weber, authority based on an impersonal system of rules and responsibilities is ______ authority.

Answer Location: Rational-Legal Authority

1. ______ is characterized by the belief that humans inherently dislike work and prefer being directed.

Answer Location: Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

1. According to Weber, authority based on the ability of a particular individual to exercise authority over others by virtue of their special abilities is ______ authority.

Answer Location: Charismatic Authority

1. The sociologist and philosopher who is credited with developing the bureaucratic model of organizational behavior was ______.

Answer Location: Fordism and Bureaucracy