Test Bank

Chapter 12: Multicultural Leadership, Politics and Influence, Collaboration, and Social Entrepreneurship

Multiple Choice

1. Define ethnocentric orientation.

a. A universal standard built on one cultural orientation.

b. A commitment to advance diverse people.

c. A standard to evaluate the climate of the workplace.

d. To be politically correct on multicultural issues

Learning Objective: 12-1.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multicultural Leadership
Question Type: MC

2. Complete the rest of this sentence. Exclusion is a problem if:

a. people are internally prevented from participating due to their own lack of ambition or self-selection.

b. people are physically prevented from participating; if there are barriers physically or emotional, to an activity; or if they risk negative consequences by their participation.

c. people are emotionally prevented from participating; only if there are emotional barriers to an activity, but they do not risk negative consequences by their participation

d. People are externally prevented from participating due to the lack of education and resulting schools attended.

Learning Objective: 12-1

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: The Impact of Exclusion and the Call to Become Inclusive
Question Type: MC

3. Select the one choice that is not the mission of multicultural leadership.

a. Be inclusive.

b. Value multiple perspectives.

c. Reflect the vitality, values, and voices of our diversity at all levels of organizations and society.

d. Cater to the in-crowd.

Learning Objective: 12-1

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: The Impact of Exclusion and the Call to Become Inclusive
Question Type: MC

4. Define assimilation.

a. Be inclusive. Value multiple perspectives.

b. A universal standard built on one cultural orientation.

c. To remove the cultural, national, ethnic differences of one’s previous habits of daily life in order to become part of a new culture

d. Participation in negative consequences due to lack of diversity.

Learning Objective: 12-1

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Assimilation and Acculturation

Question Type: MC

5. What is the alternative to hierarchal pluralism?

a. Egalitarian Pluralism

b. Humanitarian Pluralism

c. Acculturation Pluralism

d. There isn’t an alternative

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team

Question Type: MC

6. Select which is not a cause of cultural friction at work according to Brett et al.

a. Direct versus indirect communication

b. Employee Benefits

c. Middle-class formal English, accents, and fluency

d. Evolving attitudes toward hierarchy and authority

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team
Question Type: MC

7. What influential characteristic does a leader not bring to your life?

a. Trust

b. Stability

c. Chaos

d. Hope

Learning Objective: 12-3

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: Influential Leaders in Our Lives

Question Type: MC

8. What is not one of Gentry and Leslie’s four workplace behavior strategies?

a. Participate in office politics to strategically position yourself.

b. Read the situation.

c. Mingle strategically.

d. Leave them with a good impression.

Learning Objective: 12-3

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: Influential Leaders in Our Lives
Question Type: MC

9. What is not a product of influence tactics?

a. Compliance

b. Dominance

c. Resistance

d. Commitment

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence

Question Type: MC

10. Increasing your political coalition by increasing the number of influential leaders in your inner circle is only positive influence if:

a. The purpose is to position yourself with your boss so you can be entrusted with more assignments.

b. The purpose is to position yourself in the community to be seen as a leader.

c. The purpose is to position yourself to be able to lobby government officials.

d. The purpose is to increase the success of the team and the organization.

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence

Question Type: MC

11. Which is not one of Sharlatt & Smith’s four core tactics of influence?

a. Rational persuasion

b. Inspirational appeals

c. Supervisory demands

d. Consultation

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics

Question Type: MC

12. Which is not one of Cialdini’s six principles of influence and persuasion?

a. Honesty

b. Liking

c. Social proof

d. Scarcity

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics
Question Type: MC

13. Collaboration is a mutually beneficial and well-defined _____________ entered into by two or more _______________ to achieve results they are more likely to achieve together than alone.

a. Results and relationships

b. Organization and relationships

c. Relationship and organizations

d. Organization and results

Learning Objective: 12-6

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Collaboration
Question Type: MC

14. The six factors that influence successful collaboration among organizations are the environment, process and structure, membership characteristics, communication, ___________ and _________.

a. compromise and leadership

b. community and social climate

c. adaptability and relationships

d. purpose and resources

Learning Objective: 12-6

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Success Factors of Collaboration

Question Type: MC

15. What is the definition of an alliance?

a. It is a relationship between organizations that is hap-hazardously formed to accomplish goals that benefit the community.

b. It is a relationship between partners that is strategically formed to accomplish goals that benefit the community while strengthening the partners.

c. It is a partnership between organizations that is formed to avoid goals that will help the community.

d. It is a relationship between partners that is strategically formed to accomplish goals that benefit the community while weakening the partners.

Learning Objective: 12-6

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Success Factors of Collaboration
Question Type: MC

16. What are the changing relationship steps of a growing alliance?

a. Cooperation to Coordination to Collaboration to a Merger

b. Coordination to Cooperation to Merger to Collaboration

c. Coordination to Cooperation to Collaboration to Merger

d. Cooperation to Coordination to Merger to Collaboration

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration

Question Type: MC

17. What is not a successful step in achieving a successful collaboration?

a. Invite the stakeholders to the table.

b. Listen to the needs and voices of each represented group, and affirm the value of the talents and ideas represented there.

c. One organization determines the solution that the other organization must follow.

d. Explore many ideas for solving the needs and concerns at hand.

Learning Objective: 12-6

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: MC

18. What is not a descriptor of a social entrepreneur?

a. Aims to create social value.

b. Exercised whether as an individual or a group.

c. Willing to accept above risk in the creation process.

d. Is only interested in making money.

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: The Tear in Your Eye, Lump in Your Throat,… Look What They Did!
Question Type: MC

19. _____________________ and _________________ are the biggest challenges for social entrepreneurs.

a. Leadership and scarcity

b. Resource identification and development

c. Development and leadership

d. Collaborators and resources identification

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: A Model and Success Variables Impact Social Entrepreneurship

Question Type: MC

True/False

1. The definition of acculturation is it embraces cultures of the previous time and the new location, while supporting a flexible adaptation that allows immigrants to “cross-over” by retaining their cultural pride and heritage.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective:

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge or Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Assimilation and Acculturation
Question Type: TF

2. Because a disproportionate number of women are in the human services field, there are also a greater proportion of women in leadership positions.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12.1

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Assimilation and Acculturation
Question Type: TF

3. Hierarchal pluralism creates in-groups and out-groups, frequently made up of employees who have become isolated and estranged in the workplace.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team
Question Type: TF

4. Multicultural teams bring richness to the organization because of their potential to innovate, knowledge of diverse communities and related markets, as well as an attention to culturally sensitive client services.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team

Question Type: TF

5. Politics is a negative “game” built on bullying, favoritism, self-interest, and sabotage.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-3

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Influence

Question Type: TF

6. Politics and influence work hand-in-hand developing relationships between leaders and followers.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Influence
Question Type: TF

7. Being politically smart has no effect on your ability to influence others.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-3

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: Influential Leaders in Our Lives

Question Type: TF

8. A mentor has nothing to do with building your network, they focus on the inner-self only.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence

Question Type: TF

9. Leaders sell products and services as opposed to ideas and visions.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12.5

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics

Question Type: TF

10. Although there are no absolute rules about which tactics to use with which individuals, the two most successful tactics are typically rational persuasion and consultation

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics
Question Type: TF

11. If funding is the only reason to be together in an alliance, there is no collaboration.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: TF

12. Forming a collaboration can fix your organization’s financial, leadership, program, or organizational problems.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: TF

13. The mission, strategic plans, communication, structure, and decision making, among other items, should be included in the alliance memorandum of understanding

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: TF

14. Social entrepreneurs answer the call to “what if” and create new programs, services, products, organizations, and collaborations.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Entrepreneurship

Question Type: TF

15. Only individuals can assume the title of social entrepreneur.

a. True

b. False

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reflection: The Tear in Your Eye, Lump in Your Throat,… Look What They Did!

Short Answer

Type: S

1. Describe destino and vision quest.

a. Destino requires thinking about your life, family, significant events, talents, and attributes to develop a deeper understanding of the possibilities for your future; the focus of destino is on the journey rather than the destination. Vision quest reveals the meaning and purpose of one’s life, as in the overall picture rather than the details.

Learning Objective: 12-1

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflection: The Impact of Exclusion and the Call to Become Inclusive

Question Type: SA

Type: S

2. Explain whether women assimilated or acculturated in the workforce and what that meant for women.

a. Women who entered the workforce assimilated, were forced to act like men and leave behind their femininity because it was considered weak.

Learning Objective: 12-1

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Assimilation and Acculturation
Question Type: SA

Type: S

3. What role does trust play in building relationships where we grant people the opportunity to have influence in our life?

a. Students should include: 1.Trust takes time to build which means that these people have to be in our lives as many as 3 years before trust can be established. 2. Trust is vital for an individual to learn what the other person’s intent is.

Learning Objective: 12.3

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reflection: Influential Leaders in Our Lives
Question Type: SA

Type: S

4. Why is it important to determine the appropriate action before acting in the workplace, according to Gentry and Leslie?

a. Student should include: 1. It is important to leave a positive first impression and not act in haste—which is why the pause button is important. 2. Anticipating others’ responses to ideas and thinking carefully about what and how you approach a situation will enable you to leave a positive impression every time.

Learning Objective: 12-3

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reflection: Influential Leaders in Our Lives

Question Type: SA

Type: S

5. Which influence outcome is better: Resistance, Compliance, or Commitment? And why?

a. Commitment. Commitment is the highest level of response to influence, is demonstrated by tasks endorsed by sustained effort, focus, creativity.

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence
Question Type: SA

Type: S

6. There are 11 suggestions for being politically savvy by Gentry and Leslie. Name six of them.

a. Student will name 6 of the 11:

1. Notice the networks of those you consider to be politically savvy for positive purposes.

2. Who is part of their network?

3. Seek an influential mentor to help you build your network.

4. Become an observer of body language.

5. Reading nonverbal cues can help you determine group members’ true feelings.

6. Ask a coworker you trust to give you feedback regarding how group members perceive your actions.

7. Does your tone match your facial expressions and body language?

8. Learn to control impulses to share too much or to be one of the “gang,” sharing gossip and others’ poor attitudes.

9. Know your hot buttons.

10. Know how to handle conflict constructively.

11. Always consider what the last impression you leave a group with will be because this is how they will remember you for the next assigned team project.

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence
Question Type: SA

Type: S

7. Compare and contrast Personal Appeals and Pressure as defined by Sharlatt and Smith in their seven supplementary influence tactics.

a. The student will write similar: 1. Personal appeal is the leader asking the person to carry out the request based on friendship. 2. Pressure is the use of demands and threats, or personal reminders to fulfill a request. 3. They are similar in that the leader in both instances wants something from the team member. They’re dissimilar.in that one uses threats and demands whereas the other is built on trust and an established relationship.

Learning Objective: 12-5

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics

Question Type: SA

Type: S

8. What is the difference between a collaboration and a merger?

a. Collaboration is a longer, stronger relationship where separate organizations come together to create a common mission. Mergers are a lifetime commitment to join two organizations as one. One is a long-term relationship and the other is a life-time relationship.

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: SA

Type: S

9. Why is power an important concern in an alliance prior to making an organizational commitment?

a. Power is rarely equal among members of a collaborative effort. However, the group must achieve a melding of powers and balance the inequities. Equity is the goal, not equality.

Learning Objective: 12-7

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: SA

Type: S

10. Why are collaborations common among human services organizations?

a. Resources are scarce and therefore, rather than fighting for money or other resources, it makes sense for organizations to form partnerships, long-term partnerships, when the missions align.

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: SA

Type: S

11. What is the difference between sunshine power and shadow power?

a. Sunshine power is power that is wielded in a positive manner whereas shadow power is negative power used to manipulate.

Learning Objective: 12-7

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: SA

Type: S

12. Name five of the ten talents for social entrepreneurs that Gallop revealed.

a. Students will list at least five terms from this list:

1. Confidence

2. Creative thinker

3. Delegator

4. Determination

5. Independent

6. Knowledge-seeker

7. Promoter

8. Relationship-builder

9. Risk-taker

10. Business focus

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Individual or Group: What are the Skills and Needed Talents?

Question Type: SA

Type: S

13. What are the eight variables that support future growth according to Sharir and Lerner? Select the variable you think is most important and state why.

a. Students will list the 8 variables and select one to write about:

1. Social network – Those you can call on for financial and other resource assistance

2. Total dedication – Starting a new service/organization is an undertaking of many more hours than 30 per week.

3. Capital base – Financial support for a year’s start-up expenses

4. Acceptance of the venture in the public discourse – Community (media, local government, other nonprofits) support

5. Previous managerial experience – Leader has previous knowledge of managing anorganiztion

6. The venture’s team – Leader has selected knowledgeable team/board to help navigate founding the new organization.

7. Standing the market test – New program/service is wanted by the public; data collection supports the belief.

8. Follow-up results – Data collected on customer satisfaction, and other key measures of the organization and all are in a positive bounds.

Learning Objective: 12-9

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: A Model and Success Variables Impact Social Entrepreneurship

Question Type: SA

Essay

Type: E

1. Describe egalitarian pluralism and how it affects the human services sector.

a. The students answer should include these concepts: 1. The dominant culture expects everyone, especially the minority classes to “fit in,” “read the instructions,” and “walk, talk, and act like everyone else. 2. Egalitarian pluralism is something that is sought but has yet to be fully achieved due the fact that the majority of leadership positions within the human services sector are male. 3. The advantages of egalitarian pluralism is that it increases creativity and learning due to the fact that different cultural perspectives are brought to the table, which in turn increases the number of solutions to a problem.

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team

Question Type: ESS

Type: E

2. Describe Brett et al.’s four recommendations for leading multicultural teams in a challenging circumstance as a future human services’ leader?

a. 1. Learning to coexist (acculturation) with the cultural differences. 2. Restructure the team—either making a large group a smaller group or hiring a temporary team leader who is neutral. There will need to be a process to return the group to its normal size or to report to its previous leader. 3. Intervene by arbitrating a discussion about expectations and norms for the work team. 4. A strategy of last resort would be to leave the team, this is more common in permanent teams that for temporary teams.

Learning Objective: 12-2

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: Leading a Multicultural Team
Question Type: ESS

Type: E

3. Draw an Influence Map of your contacts to date as they connect to your chosen profession in the human services sector. Use the method as demonstrated in the textbook. Analyze.

Who in the surrounding ovals were close connections?

Who in the more distant ovals were those you want to meet? How can they help you?

a. Student will draw an influence map as the textbook instructs. They will analyze the names in their ovals for connections to future employment.

Learning Objective: 12-4

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diagnosis: Mapping Your Influence
Question Type: ESS

Type: E

4. List Cialdini’s six principles of influence and persuasion as a leader of a team, and state how you would persuade a team member using one of the principles to perform a task they were less than enthusiastic about?

a. Student will list the six topics below and write about one using the principles to influence:

consistency; reciprocation; social proof; authority; liking; scarcity

Learning Objective: 12.5

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prescription: Influence Tactics
Question Type: ESS

Type: E

5. Employ Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing stages of group development to describe how internal change occurs in a collaboration.

a. The student will describe 4 stages of activities that are similar to these descriptions. 1. During the forming stage, the group establishes individual roles within the new collaboration. Group members seek to establish trust, affirm their vision, and define the desired results of the project. The project work assignments begin as individual before becoming team efforts. 2. During the storming stage, members are unsure of the authority vested in them by their organizations, and are unsure of their roles in the collaboration. The group tests their authority, argues about purpose, and become bogged down. They are caught in conflict trying to get organized. The storming stage is necessary for all groups to experience. 3. The norming stage happens over a period of several months where members find ways for the collaboration to interact. They built joint systems and policies, managing the work, evaluate results, and renew efforts. The work shifts from individual to team and organization. 4. Last, during the performing stage, which occurs after many months, the projects of the partnership are humming along. It has grown to involve more organizations, and the baton has been passed to a new leader. There is increased community recognition and resources. The collaboration has community recognition, involvement, and established change. The work encompasses the community.

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: ESS

Type: E

6. There are several organizational perspectives that must be studied and discussed before an organization agrees to partner with others. They include ideology, leadership, power, history, competition, and resources. Select two topics from this list and describe the risks in a collaboration if organizations enter blindly into a collaboration.

a. Risks students might discuss include:

ideology – incompatible missions, services

leadership – incompatible boards or leadership teams; conflict of interest; incompatible style of operation

power – inequity in community connections; lack of balance of power in the partnership

history – traditions and culture of multiple organization may cause friction

competition – Competitors must be knowledgeable at a minimum and hopefully agreeable to the collaboration

resources – equity in resource sharing is critical; from funds to staffing to space, equity is important.

Learning Objective: 12-8

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prescription: From Alliance to Collaboration
Question Type: ESS