Chapter 55
Nutrition and Health
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | What is the term for the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1ºC?
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2. | Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue?
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3. | Which of the following contains four calories per gram?
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4. | How many amino acids are considered "essential" because they cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food?
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5. | Which of the following is a function of proteins?
A. | They transport fat-soluble vitamins. |
B. | They promote normal defecation. |
C. | They assist in maintaining the body's water balance. |
D. | They provide a feeling of satiety. |
E. | They insulate and protect body organs. |
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6. | The body makes protein out of ____.
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7. | It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of protein?
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8. | Which of the following provide two-thirds of a person's daily energy needs?
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9. | It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of carbohydrates?
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10. | Which of the following can be converted to glucose and used for immediate fuel?
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11. | After the body's carbohydrate reserves are depleted, which of the following does the body burn?
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12. | Which of the following is a function of fiber?
A. | It supplies energy or heat to the body. |
B. | It assists with antibody production and disease resistance. |
C. | It absorbs organic wastes and toxins in the body so they can be expelled. |
D. | It transports fat-soluble vitamins. |
E. | It assists with antibody production. |
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13. | Which of the following are either stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen or converted and stored as fat?
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14. | Which of the following helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome?
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15. | Which of the following nutrients, if low in a patient’s diet, can result in an increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels?
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16. | Which of the following is the daily recommendation of fiber for adults?
A. | 2 grams per 1000 calories |
B. | 14 grams per 1000 calories |
C. | 34 grams per 1000 calories |
D. | 76 grams per 1000 calories |
E. | 100 grams per 1000 calories |
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17. | Which of the following is essential for fiber to work properly in the body?
D. | Decreased protein intake |
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18. | Which of the following contains 9 calories per gram?
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19. | Which of the following are functions of lipids?
A. | They provide a concentrated source of heat and energy. |
B. | They promote normal growth and wound healing. |
C. | They maintain the structural integrity of the heart and aid in muscle contraction. |
D. | They build healthy bones and teeth and aid in blood clotting. |
E. | They decrease the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption. |
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20. | Which of the following are characteristic of saturated fats?
A. | They are liquid at room temperature and are found in vegetable oils. |
B. | They are divided into polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. |
C. | They are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temperature. |
D. | They tend to lower blood cholesterol. |
E. | They are formed when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil. |
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21. | Which of the following are saturated fats?
A. | Corn and safflower oils |
B. | Peanut and canola oils |
C. | Sunflower and olive oils |
E. | Soya oils and vegetable shortenings |
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22. | An excess of which of the following can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and an increased risk of heart and artery disease?
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23. | Which of the following contain unsaturated fats?
A. | Meats and animal products |
B. | Corn oil and olive oil |
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24. | An increased intake of soluble fiber, a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fats, and exercise result in ____.
A. | reduced cholesterol levels |
B. | increased susceptibility to infection |
D. | decreased muscle contraction |
E. | increased absorption of vitamins |
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25. | Which of the following are organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and resistance to infection?
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26. | Which of the following are natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions?
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27. | Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include ____.
B. | calcium and phosphorus |
D. | manganese and chromium |
E. | fluoride and molybdenum |
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28. | Which of the following builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function?
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29. | What nutrient is essential for the production of red blood cells?
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30. | Which of the following plays a vital role in the activities of the thyroid hormones?
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31. | A deficiency in which of the following can cause anemia?
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32. | Which of the following are good dietary sources of iron?
A. | Dairy products, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon |
B. | Liver, egg yolks, fortified breads and cereals, and dark green vegetables |
C. | Seafood, iodized salt, and seaweed products |
D. | Fruits, vegetables, and tea |
E. | Legumes, bananas, and nuts |
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33. | Which mineral is found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon?
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34. | Which mineral works with vitamin E to aid metabolism, growth, and fertility?
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35. | A deficiency in which mineral causes a goiter?
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36. | Which vitamin aids in night vision, cell growth and maintenance, and normal reproductive function?
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37. | Which vitamin aids in blood clotting and bone growth?
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38. | Another name for vitamin B1 is ____.
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39. | A deficiency in which vitamin causes beriberi, digestive problems, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, and heart failure?
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40. | Another name for vitamin C is ____.
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41. | A deficiency in vitamin B12 causes ____.
A. | scurvy and poor wound healing |
B. | rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults |
D. | pernicious anemia and irreversible liver damage |
E. | convulsions, dermatitis, and anemia |
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42. | Which vitamin is an intracellular antioxidant, maintains cell structures, and aids in the formation of red blood cells?
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43. | Which vitamin builds bones and teeth and is found in egg yolks, butter, and fortified milk?
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44. | Which of the following is a function of water?
A. | It provides a concentrated source of heat and energy. |
B. | It decreases the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption. |
C. | It helps maintain fluid balance in the body and regulates body temperature. |
D. | It serves as an integral part of cell membranes. |
E. | It is involved in bone and tooth formation. |
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45. | Which instruction would be included when educating patients about daily water requirements?
A. | Instruct elderly patients to limit their fluid intake because of incontinence or physical limitations |
B. | Encourage patients to drink six to eight glasses of water |
C. | Encourage patients to drink coffee, tea, and soft drinks in place of water |
D. | Instruct patients that drinking water is essential only when illness is present |
E. | Instruct patients to increase their water intake if they eat mostly fruits and vegetables |
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46. | Which of the following, supplied mainly by salt, maintains fluid and acid-base balance?
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47. | Which of the following is important in the maintenance of muscle contraction and is found in foods such as bananas, raisins, and oranges?
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48. | The most common food allergens include ____.
A. | hamburger, tea, corn, and pickles |
B. | wheat, milk, eggs, and chocolate |
C. | chicken, beans, and pineapple |
D. | lettuce, cucumbers, and peaches |
E. | broccoli, peas, and beans |
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49. | Which of the following is especially important to increase in the diet of patients with cancer to help replace cells destroyed by cancer treatments?
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50. | Which instruction would be beneficial to include in nutritional therapy for patients with hypertension?
A. | Restrict potassium intake by limiting the intake of fruits and vegetables |
B. | Increase the percentage of calories from saturated fats to 30% |
C. | Restrict sodium intake to 2 to 3 g per day |
D. | Reduce calcium intake to 400 mg per day |
E. | Eliminate foods that contain lactose from the diet |
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51. | Jessica is 24 years old, weighs 234 pounds, and has just been diagnosed with hypertension. The physician prescribed a mild antihypertensive medication and asked you to help educate Jessica about lifestyle changes and behavior modification for weight loss. Which of the following would you include in your discussion?
A. | Tell her to reduce her level of exercise so that she can eat less food safely |
B. | Advise her to eat slowly and have five or six small meals daily |
C. | Encourage her to restrict her diet to include only certain low-calorie foods |
D. | Advise the purchase of OTC weight-loss pills to accelerate weight loss |
E. | Tell her to reward herself for weight loss by eating her favorite foods |
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52. | Lisa has just found out that she is pregnant. This is her first pregnancy, and she wants to be sure to do everything right. She tells you, "I know I should not have any alcohol, and I have never been a smoker, but what about food? Is there anything I should do differently, or avoid? Which of the following would you include when teaching Lisa about nutrition during pregnancy?
A. | "Restrict your total weight gain to 20 lb." |
B. | "Eat an additional 10 to 15 g of protein a day." |
C. | "Make sure your total calcium intake is 800 mg per day." |
D. | "Try to include 15 mg of iron a day through food selections, but stay away from supplements." |
E. | "Avoid yeast and leafy vegetables for the first three months." |
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53. | A diet that consists of tea, broth, non-citrus juices, carbonated beverages, popsicles, and gelatin is a ____.
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54. | David has been having increasingly frequent migraine headaches. The practitioner will do further tests to determine if there is an underlying physical cause. While the tests are being done, what might the practitioner suggest to try to reduce the frequency or severity of the migraines?
A. | Reduce salt intake to a maximum of 2 to 3 grams per day |
B. | Restrict fatty foods and use low-fat or no-fat cooking methods |
C. | Reduce the amount of high-fiber food eaten each day |
D. | Increase intake of pastas, breads, fruits, and vegetables |
E. | Restrict consumption of aged cheeses, red wine, and beer |
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55. | Your sister has just returned from her doctor's appointment. She says the physician diagnoses a pepticulcer and told her to follow a bland diet for the next 7 to 10 days. She adds, "This shouldn't be too hard. I love snacking on raw carrots, and I will get some orange juice for breakfast!" What should you tell your sister about following a bland diet?
A. | "Raw fruits and vegetables are among the foods you should avoid on a bland diet." |
B. | "Orange juice is a good choice because it is loaded with calcium and vitamin C." |
C. | "Avoid eating mashed potatoes and gelatins." |
D. | "Try to make sure the foods you eat are either very hot or very cold." |
E. | "Use spices instead of salt to add flavor to the bland foods." |
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56. | Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anorexia nervosa?
A. | Feeling out of control while eating |
B. | Cessation of menstruation |
C. | Eating large quantities of food in a short period, followed by purging |
D. | Buying and consuming large quantities of food |
E. | Erosion of tooth enamel |
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57. | Which of the following behaviors might a patient with an eating disorder exhibit or mention in conversation?
A. | Buys a wide variety of low-calorie foods |
B. | Avoids skipping meals but snacks on low calorie foods |
C. | Uses laxatives, excessive exercise, vomiting, or diuretics for weight control |
D. | Enjoys going to a social event instead of dieting or exercising |
E. | Follows a commercial weight-loss plan to ensure good nutrition |
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58. | Which of these are included in the 2015 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
A. | Maintain adequate nutrient intake without worrying about calories |
B. | Increase sedentary activities |
C. | Maintain weight even if overweight |
D. | Eat a balanced diet and increase physical activity |
E. | Increase consumption of less nutritious foods |
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59. | Which of the following is a criterion to identify fad diets?
A. | They include a wide variety of foods. |
B. | They promise ease and comfort in weight loss. |
C. | They require no special pills. |
D. | They include an activity component. |
E. | They may be safely followed for long periods of time. |
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60. | Which of the following is a sign or symptom of bulimia?
A. | Drastic reduction in food consumption |
B. | Excessive use of laxatives or diuretics |
C. | Extremely controlled behavior |
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61. | Which of the following is a recommendation from the American Cancer Society's nutritional and physical activity guidelines?
A. | Be as lean as possible throughout life without being underweight. |
B. | Minimize your intake of fruits and vegetables each day. |
C. | Adults should get at least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity each day. |
D. | Drink no more than one glass of water per day for women, or two glasses for men. |
E. | Get most of your protein by eating red meat. |
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62. | A measure of body fat based on height and weight that is often used in assessing nutritional levels is the ____.
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63. | The optimal percentage of body fat for females younger than age 50 is ____.
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64. | What is the optimal percentage of body fat for a 55-year-old male?
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65. | In which type of special diet is food intake increased to provide 3000 to 5000 calories per day?
E. | high-calorie, high-protein diet |
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66. | Which of the following would you include in patient education about changes in nutritional recommendations?
A. | Nutritional recommendations change when new research is performed and verified. |
B. | Dietary recommendations are not affected by research. |
C. | Initial findings from research studies often change the government's dietary recommendations. |
D. | There is little difference between initial findings and findings endorsed by the government. |
E. | It is advisable to heed initial research findings, because the government approval process takes so long. |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
67. | Natural, organic compounds found in plant and animal foods that are used to make proteins are ________.
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68. | An eating disorder in which patients lose an excessive amount of weight and become malnourished is ________.
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69. | Chemical agents called ________ fight free radicals and may help ward off cancer and heart disease.
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70. | The ________ aspect of weight loss includes methods such as keeping a food diary to pinpoint overeating patterns, controlling the stimuli associated with overeating, and providing rewards for successful behavior.
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71. | The eating disorder in which people binge-eat and then attempt to counter the effects by self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, and/or excessive exercise is ________ nervosa.
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72. | A(n) ________ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. This is also used to measure the energy the body uses during all activities and metabolic processes.
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73. | A fat-related substance produced by the liver that can also be obtained through animal-based foods and is the structural basis for all steroid hormones and vitamin D is ________.
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74. | Complex carbohydrates, also called ________, are long chains of sugar units.
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75. | A type of complex carbohydrate that does not supply energy or heat to the body is ________.
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76. | As a way to simplify the diet required for a patient who has diabetes, a system of ________ is used.
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77. | Natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions are ________.
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78. | Nutrition given to patients as specially prepared nutrients injected directly into their veins rather than given by mouth is ________ nutrition.
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79. | Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature, including most vegetable oils, are ________ fats.
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80. | A(n) ________ test measures fat as a percentage of body weight.
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81. | Organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and are absorbed through the digestive system are either water-soluble or fat-soluble ________.
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82. | In the phase of metabolism called ________, substances such as nutrients are changed into more complex substances and used to build body tissues.
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83. | In the phase of metabolism called ________, complex substances are broken down into simpler substances and converted into energy.
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84. | The sum of all of the cellular processes that build, maintain, and supply energy to living tissue is the process of ________.
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85. | Dietary ________ help people get proper nutrition by suggesting the types and quantities of food that people should eat each day.
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86. | A type of special diet that includes only foods that you can see through, such as tea or broth, is a(n) ________ diet.
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87. | Mild intolerance to a protein substance called _______, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley, can cause bloating and nausea.
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Multiple Choice Questions
88. | A patient who is lactose sensitive should be instructed to avoid which of the following in their diet?
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89. | To prepare a patient on how to treat a mild allergic reaction to food, which over-the-counter medication would be recommended?
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Fill in the Blank Questions
90. | The _____ diet, originally created to help reduce hypertension, is now considered one of the healthiest diets for weight loss.
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91. | An autoimmune reaction to gluten is ______ disease.
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