Chapter 15 – Quantitative Data Analysis

1. The mode and the median are always the same value.

a. T

b. F

2. In which way you could better not give an overview of ordinal data?

a. By the mean.

b. By percentiles.

c. By the median.

d. By the mode.

3. Fill in the missing text:

A Chi-square test can be used if the independent variable is measured on a …….(1)……. scale and the dependent variable on a ……..(2)…….. scale.

a. (1) nominal/ordinal – (2) nominal/ordinal.

b. (1) nominal/ordinal – (2) interval/ratio.

c. (1) interval/ratio – (2) nominal/ordinal.

d. (1) interval/ratio – (2) interval/ratio.

4. With what instrument could the validity of a scale (a set of questions) best be determined?

a. Cronbach’s alpha.

b. Kendall’s tau.

c. Levene’s test.

d. With none of the above instruments.

5. With what instrument could the predictive validity of a metric scale (a set of questions) best be determined?

a. Cronbach’s alpha.

b. A correlation-coefficient.

c. Fisher’s r-to-z test.

d. With none of the above mentioned instruments.

6. The closer the Cronbach’s alpha is to 1, the higher the reliability of a scale.

a. T

b. F

7. Chi-square analysis is used when the independent variable is used when the dependent variable is nominal or ordinal.

a. T

b. F

8. By means of chi-square analysis it is not possible to test hypotheses.

a. T

b. F

9. Cronbach’s alpha indicates to what extent scale items are correlated to each other?

a. T

b. F

10. In what way could you best give an overview of ordinal data?

a. By the mean.

b. By cross tables.

c. By the median.

d. By the mode.

11. Discriminant validity can be determined by means of, amongst others, correlations and factor analyses.

a. T

b. F

12. Mean and median actually are identical concepts.

a. T

b. F

13. You want to provide an overview of the characteristics of the respondents in your sample. Which of the following would you use to provide insight in the age of your respondents?

a. A frequency table and a bar chart.

b. The mode, median and the standard deviation.

c. The mean and the variance.

d. It depends on the response format that was used to measure age.

14. Which of the following descriptive statistics provide a useful overview of nominal data?

a. The mode.

b. The median and the mode.

c. The mode and the mean.

d. The mean, the median, and the mode.

15. Which of the following descriptive statistics provide a useful overview of interval data?

a. The mean and the median.

b. The median and the mode.

c. The mode and the mean.

d. The mean, the median, and the mode.

16. If you would have to determine the reliability of a scale (a set of questions), the most appropriate test is Kendall’s tau.

a. T

b. F

17. Computing Cronbach’s alpha allows you to check if a:

a.Multi-item measure is reliable.

b. Multi-item measure is valid.

c. Multi-item measure is valid and reliable.

d. Multi-item measure is significant.

18. The closer the Cronbach’s alpha is to 0, the lower the reliability of a scale.

a. T

b. F

19. Cronbach’s alpha and the split-half reliability coefficient are both instruments to determine the validity of a scale.

a. T

b. F

20. Data editing involves assigning a number to the participants’ responses so they can be entered into a database.

a. T

b. F

21. Inconsistent codes are values that are not specified in the coding instructions.

a. T

b. F

22. “Ignore them” provides one way to deal with blank responses.

a. T

b. F

23. Data transformation, a variation of data coding, is the process of changing the original numerical representation of a quantitative value to another value.

a. T

b. F

24. Measures of central tendency include the mean, the median, and the mode.

a. T

b. F

25. The mean of a set of 15 observations, is the sum of the 15 individual observations divided by 15.

a. T

b. F

26. The mode is the central item in a group of observations when they are arrayed in either an ascending or a descending order.

a. T

b. F

27. A Pearson correlation matrix will indicate the direction, strength, and significance of the bivariate relationships of all the variables that were measured at an interval or ratio level.

a. T

b. F

28. The monthly sales of a small grocery store are $61,000, $62,000, $57,000, $65,000, $55,000, $54,000, $64,000, $61,000, $63,000, $52,000, $60,000, and $61,000. Here the mode is:

a. $59,583.33

b. $ 60,000

c. $61,000

d. $ 62,666.66

29. The monthly sales of a small grocery store are $61,000, $62,000, $57,000, $65,000, $55,000, $54,000, $64,000, $61,000, $63,000, $52,000, $60,000, and $61,000. Here the median is:

a. $59,583.33

b. $ 60,000

c. $61,000

d. $ 62,666.66

30. The monthly sales of a small grocery store are $61,000, $62,000, $57,000, $65,000, $55,000, $54,000, $64,000, $61,000, $63,000, $52,000, $60,000, and $61,000. Here the mean is:

a. $59,583.33

b. $ 60,000

c. $61,000

d. $ 62,666.66