Test Bank Answers Chapter 21 Organization Of The Body

1.

The cardiovascular system is ____.  
 

2.

In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is ____.  
 

3.

In the anatomical position, the body is ____.  
 

4.

Which anatomical position is the nose compared to the ears?  
 

5.

The thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominal cavity.  
 

6.

Which anatomical position are the fingers compared to the elbow?  
 

7.

Most of the organs of digestion are found in the ____ cavity.  
 

8.

The pelvic cavity contains the ____.  
 

9.

Molecules are composed of ____.  
 

10.

At what pH is a solution neither an acid nor a base?  
 

11.

During mitosis, the nucleus ____.  
 

12.

What is the term for the segment of DNA that determines a body trait?  
 

13.

The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms?  
 

14.

What is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body?  
 

15.

Bones are directionally positioned ____ to the skin.  
 

16.

The knees are positioned ____ to the hips.  
 

17.

The position toward the front of the body is ____.  
 

18.

The brain is ____ to the nose.  
 

19.

The position closest to the midline of the body is ____.  
 

20.

In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles?  
 

21.

Which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body?  
 

22.

The elbow is ____ to the wrist.  
 

23.

Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions?  
 

24.

Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?  
 

25.

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?  
 

26.

The ____ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves.  
 

27.

____ release hydroxyl ions in water.  
 

28.

When positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called______.  
 

29.

When put in water, ____ release positively or negatively charged ions.  
 

30.

Which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water?  
 

31.

What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body?  
 

32.

Which of the following is primarily used to make energy?  
 

33.

Triglycerides that are used to store energy for cells are one form of ____.  
 

34.

Which substances are the structural materials for building solid body parts?  
 

35.

The genetic information for the body is located in ____.  
 

36.

Which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes?  
 

37.

Which of the following is made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates and is very thin and selectively permeable?  
 

38.

The ____ of a cell is mostly water, ions, and nutrients and contains organelles that perform many functions.  
 

39.

Carrier molecules help move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by ____.  
 

40.

When some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane, it is called_______.  
 

41.

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is ____.  
 

42.

Substances "spread out" by ____.  
 

43.

Water moves toward a higher concentration of solutes by ____.  
 

44.

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane is ____.  
 

45.

Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affects males?  
 

46.

Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas?  
 

47.

The inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine results in ____ which, if not detected early, can cause irreversible organ and brain damage.  
 

48.

The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is ____.  
 

49.

Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs?  
 

50.

In which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix?  
 

51.

What type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages?  
 

52.

Glandular tissue is classified as a type of ____ tissue.  
 

53.

Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax?  
 

54.

Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structures such as the ears and nose.  
 

55.

Which of these tissues can be voluntary or involuntary in its action?  
 

56.

Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord?  
 

57.

In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the ____.  
 

58.

What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root.  
 

59.

Which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon?  
 

60.

Which term means rapid breathing?  
 

61.

Mrs. Frantello brings her 3-year-old son David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. David has a rather long face with large ears. The physician orders tests for David to rule out fragile X syndrome. While she is in the office, she informs the physician that she is pregnant again. What test would you expect the physician to consider for Mrs. Frantello?  
 

62.

Vince is a 24-year-old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. You check his vital signs and discover that his blood pressure, temperature, and respirations are normal. He is 6 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 235 pounds. Which of the following disorders might Vince have?  
 

63.

George is a 10-year-old new patient who was brought to the office by his father because George's teacher noted that George may have a hearing impairment. While taking George's history, you note that he has a rather flat face with slanting eyes, and his tongue protrudes slightly. He appears to have poor muscle tone, and when you ask him a question, his father answers for him. Although his father has not indicated that George suffers from any particular disorder, from your observations you may suspect that George has ____.  
 

64.

In ________, substances move across a cell membrane with the help of carrier molecules.  
 
________________________________________

65.

Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes that code for a particular trait, but the genes may be of different forms, called ________.  
 
________________________________________

66.

In ________, small molecules combine to form larger ones.  
 
________________________________________

67.

The third stage of mitosis is called ________. During this stage, the replicated chromosomes are pulled toward the centrioles at opposite sides of the cell.  
 
________________________________________

68.

A frontal, or ________, plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.  
 
________________________________________

69.

The simplest units of all matter are ________, and many of these are essential to life.  
 
________________________________________

70.

Homologous chromosomes are also known as ________.  
 
________________________________________

71.

The study of matter and chemical reactions in the body is ________.  
 
________________________________________

72.

The conversion of glycogen to glucose molecules for energy is an example of one of the processes of metabolism, called ________.  
 
________________________________________

73.

The ________, or inferior, anatomical direction is below or close to the feet.  
 
________________________________________

74.

The smallest living units of the body are ________.  
 
________________________________________

75.

The ________ are two cylindrical organelles near the nucleus that are essential to cell division because they equally distribute chromosomes to the resultant "daughter" cells.  
 
________________________________________

76.

The study of what matter is made of and how it changes is ________.  
 
________________________________________

77.

The cell nucleus contains ________, which are threadlike structures made up of DNA.  
 
________________________________________

78.

Hair-like projections on the outside of the cell membrane called ________ assist with propelling matter throughout the body tracts.  
 
________________________________________

79.

The term used to describe inherited traits that are determined by multiple genes is ________ inheritance.  
 
________________________________________

80.

A(n) ________ is formed when two or more atoms of more than one element are combined.  
 
________________________________________

81.

The superior, or ________, anatomical direction is above or close to the head.  
 
________________________________________

82.

Cells reproduce by cell division, a process that involves splitting the nucleus through mitosis or meiosis, and ________, or splitting the cytoplasm.  
 
________________________________________

83.

The ________ of a cell is the "inside" of the cell and is mostly made of water, proteins, ions, and nutrients.  
 
________________________________________

84.

The most internal of the anatomical directions is ________.  
 
________________________________________

85.

The ________ is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.  
 
________________________________________

86.

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is ________.  
 
________________________________________

87.

The toes are inferior and _________ to the knees.  
 
________________________________________

88.

If a body structure is posterior, or ________, to another, it is toward the back of the body.  
 
________________________________________

89.

When put in water, ________ release ions.  
 
________________________________________

90.

A(n) ________ gland secretes its product directly into tissue, fluids, or blood.  
 
________________________________________

91.

The ________ forms networks or passageways to transport substances throughout the cytoplasm.  
 
________________________________________

92.

If a gland secretes its product into a duct, such as with a sweat or sebaceous gland, it is called a(n) ________ gland.  
 
________________________________________

93.

Brachial refers to the arm, and the term ________ refers to the thigh.  
 
________________________________________

94.

In ________, some type of pressure, such as gravity or blood pressure, forces substances across a membrane that acts like a filter.  
 
________________________________________

95.

A(n) ________ is the tail-like structure found on the human sperm cell that provides its "swimming" type of locomotion.  
 
________________________________________

96.

Medical professionals often use the following terms to describe how the body is divided into sections: sagittal, midsagittal, transvers, and ________, or coronal.  
 
________________________________________

97.

A segment of DNA that determines a body trait is a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

98.

A cell's ________ apparatus is known to synthesize carbohydrates and is thought to prepare and store secretions for discharge from the cell.  
 
________________________________________

99.

Small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen make up ________ matter.  
 
________________________________________

100.

A cell that carries out its normal daily functions and is not dividing is said to be in ________.  
 
________________________________________

101.

In directional terms, the ears are posterior and ________ to the nose.  
 
________________________________________

102.

The organelles known as ________ perform the digestive function for the cell.  
 
________________________________________

103.

The matter that is between the cells of connective tissue is known as a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

104.

Anything that takes up space and has weight is ________.  
 
________________________________________

105.

The nose is ________ to the ears.  
 
________________________________________

106.

Reproductive cell division is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

107.

What is the overall chemical functioning of the body called?  
 
________________________________________

108.

The second stage of mitosis is ________. During this stage, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell between the centrioles on spindle fibers.  
 
________________________________________

109.

The section or plane that runs lengthwise down the midline of the body and divides it into equal left and right halves is the _____ plane.  
 
________________________________________

110.

The organelles that provide energy for the cell and are the centers for cell respiration are the ________.  
 
________________________________________

111.

Following interphase, a cell may enter ________, which is a nonreproductive type of cell division.  
 
________________________________________

112.

Atoms that bond together make up ________.  
 
________________________________________

113.

Sometimes when DNA is duplicated, errors called ________ occur that will be passed on to the descendants (daughter cells) of that cell and may or may not affect the cells in harmful ways.  
 
________________________________________

114.

The nerve tissue cells that are smaller, more abundant, and act as support cells for the neurons, even though they do not transmit impulses, are called ________ cells.  
 
________________________________________

115.

The largest nerve tissue cells, which transmit impulses, are called ________.  
 
________________________________________

116.

The ________ is the part of a cell that contains DNA.  
 
________________________________________

117.

Two or more tissue types combine to form ________.  
 
________________________________________

118.

Matter that contains carbon and hydrogen is known as ________ matter.  
 
________________________________________

119.

When organ systems combine they form a(n)__________.  
 
________________________________________

120.

Two or more tissue types combine to form organs, and organs combine to form ________.  
 
________________________________________

121.

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane, is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

122.

When a sperm cell and a(n) ________ unite, a cell called a zygote forms.  
 
________________________________________

123.

In the first stage of mitosis, or ________, the centrioles that have replicated just prior to the onset of mitosis move to opposite ends of the cell.  
 
________________________________________

124.

The elbow is ________ to the fingers.  
 
________________________________________

125.

In the cytoplasm of the cell, the ________ are responsible for protein synthesis.  
 
________________________________________

126.

A(n) ________ plane divides the body into left and right portions.  
 
________________________________________

127.

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes received from either the sperm cell or ovum are homologous chromosomes (autosomes), and the 23rd pair are ________ chromosomes.  
 
________________________________________

128.

Traits that are carried on the sex chromosomes are called ________ traits.  
 
________________________________________

129.

A structure that is closer to the surface of the body than a second structure is ________ to the second structure.  
 
________________________________________

130.

The final stage of mitosis is called ________. During this stage, the chromosomes reach the centrioles, cytokinesis takes place, and mitosis is complete.  
 
________________________________________

131.

When cells of the same type organize together, they form ________.  
 
________________________________________

132.

A(n) ________ plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.  
 
________________________________________

133.

________ contains the genetic information of cells and is found in the nucleus of the cell.  
 
________________________________________

134.

________ is the organic matter makes proteins and can move between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells.  
 
________________________________________

135.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a quick, easy method for making millions of copies of any fragment of ________.  
 
________________________________________

136.

A person's ________ is the same for every cell, tissue, and organ.  
 
________________________________________

137.

DNA ________ is a reliable method for identifying and distinguishing among humans to establish paternity and identify suspects in criminal cases.  
 
________________________________________

138.

All medical terms have a(n) ________ that contains the base meaning of the term.  
 
________________________________________

139.

The scientific term for the study of body structure is ________.  
 
________________________________________

140.

The scientific term for the study of the function of the body's organs is ________.  
 
________________________________________

141.

The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

142.

When homeostasis is not maintained in the body, ________ develop.  
 
________________________________________

143.

The heart and blood vessels unite to form the ________ system.  
 
________________________________________

144.

The ________ cavity contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea.  
 
________________________________________

145.

The bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the ________ cavity, which is the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.  
 
________________________________________