Test Bank 3rd Edition Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Ch.15

Chapter 15. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of the following can be a complication of premature birth that is often found in premature infants who have cerebral palsy?
   1. Intraventricular hemorrhage
   2. Periventricular leukomalacia
   3. Microcephaly
   4. Retinopathy of prematurity
2. Infants needing intensive care are very sensitive to stimulation. The NICU environment is an overwhelming setting for the infant. Which following recommendation can assist in helping the infant cope with the NICU environment?
   1. Place the infant under a bright light during the daytime hours.
   2. Keep light and noise levels as low as possible and minimize the frequency of handling the infant.
   3. Group quiet infants next to each other and more active infants next to each other.
   4. Provide a certain level of noise often to help the infant adapt to the noise level.
3. Developmentally supportive care is individualized caregiving and is based on:
   1. the general routine in each specific NICU.
   2. using specific methods to speed up the infant’s tolerance to caregiving.
   3. the infant’s physiological reactions, behavioral cues, and signs of stress in response to the immediate environment.
   4. providing an individual caregiver for the infant so the infant may adapt to that person’s approach.
4. Physical therapy examination and evaluation of the infant in the NICU is an ongoing process and provides all of the following information except:
   1. the infant’s physiological and behavioral responses to stress.
   2. the infant’s active movements, strength, and muscle tone.
   3. the infant’s ability to maintain an extended position.
   4. indications for specialty follow-up care after the infant is discharged from the NICU.
5. Positioning recommendations are an important part of physical therapy treatment in the NICU. Which of the following general recommendations apply to most infants in the NICU?
   1. The supine position is encouraged because prone is not a recommended sleep position in healthy infants.
   2. Hands and knees should not touch because it may lead to skin breakdown.
   3. The hands should be positioned away from the face to avoid scratching the face.
   4. The infant should be positioned in flexion with the arms and legs close the body.
6. When making recommendations about the infant’s active movement, the physical therapist should generally recommend:
   1. encouraging the infant to have several periods of active movement during the day to build body strength and endurance.
   2. allowing active movement when the infant is awake and quietly alert, but helping the infant to avoid excessive, frequent movements.
   3. avoiding all active movement to conserve energy, including using restraints if needed.
   4. encouraging any active movement as long as the infant is not crying.
7. Full-term infants are born:
   1. between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
   2. at 9 months of gestation.
   3. at 40 weeks of gestation.
   4. between 35 and 40 weeks of gestation.
8. Infants that are small for gestational age:
   1. are premature.
   2. are born after 40 weeks of gestation.
   3. weight less than the 10th percentile.
   4. weigh 1,000 g.
9. Physiological signs of stress in a neonate include:
   1. increased heart rate and skin color changes.
   2. gaze aversion and leg extension.
   3. increased respiration and oxygen saturation.
   4. facial grimace and finger splays.
10. Behavioral signs of stress in a neonate include:
    1. hyperalertness and apnea.
    2. finger splays and gaze aversion.
    3. decreased respiratory rate and bradycardia.
    4. leg extension and increased blood pressure.
11. Which of the following is true of Als and colleagues’ synactive theory?
12. There is a linear progression of five subsystems, which ends in an infant’s ability to produce a motor response.
13. Physiological stability is considered the foundational system, and without this stability all other systems will be impaired.
14. Any type of motor output demonstrates that the infant’s autonomic system is regulated.
15. Behaviors/state regulation should not be considered when deciding if the infant will tolerate therapy.
16. Physical therapy goals for management of a high-risk infant in the NICU include all of the following except:
17. modulation of sensory input provided to the infant to promote behavioral and physiological stability.
18. promotion of postures and movements appropriate for the infant’s gestational age.
19. reducing risks for potential skull and musculoskeletal deformities.
20. ensuring age-appropriate motor skill development before discharge.
21. Practices associated with developmental care may include:
22. keeping lights on during day and night hours to allow caregivers to optimize access if medical interventions need to be implemented.
23. providing hands-on interventions when the child is already awake.
24. minimizing interactions between the parent and infant to ensure the infant is sleeping enough.
25. leaving the infant in the one position that allows for the best physiological stability.
26. Now discharged from the NICU, Amelia has come to see you for a physical therapy evaluation. As you review her notes from her NICU stay, which information is not helpful for you to determine if a neurological insult is present?
27. Previous abnormal categorizations of the general movements assessment
28. Findings from cranial ultrasounds
29. Findings from magnetic resonance imaging
30. Presence of primitive reflexes

Multiple Answer

Select all correct answers.

1. Using an integrative approach for neuroprotective care, physical therapists may observe which of the following when assessing an infant in the NICU?
2. Active range of motion
3. Vital signs
4. Skin color and integrity
5. Positioning supports being used

True/False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. Infants born preterm and weighing less than 1,000 g at birth are at the greatest risk for cerebral palsy and other motor, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.

Short Answer

1. Name three neonatal methods of self-calming.
2. Describe the behavioral state of “quiet alertness.”
3. Amelia was born at 26 weeks of gestation on August 3, 2020. What is her corrected age on December 9, 2020?

Chapter 15