Social Psychology Huffman Ch.16 Test Questions & Answers - Psychology in Action 12e Test Bank by Karen Huffman. DOCX document preview.
Package Title: Chapter 16, Testbank
Course Title: Huffman, PIA 12e
Chapter Number: 16
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) The study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions is called _____.
a) sociology
b) social science
c) social psychology
d) social anthropology
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
2) In contrast to other fields within psychology, social psychology emphasizes _____.
a) the influence of genetics on our development
b) the effects of social forces on behavior
c) the influence of culture on our actions
d) love relationships
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
3) The explanations that people use about the causes of events or behaviors (others’ or their own) are called _____.
a) impression managements
b) stereotaxic determinations
c) attributions
d) person perceptions
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
4) According to the text, the main question about attributions are whether a given action is about
a) temperament or circumstances.
b) dispositions or situations.
c) personality or factors.
d) traits or reality.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
5) You and a friend are watching a ballgame. The batter swings and misses, ending the inning as he strikes out. You believe this is because the sun is setting and probably cast a glare in his eyes. Your friend believes this is because the batter lacks talent. You made a _____ attribution and your friend made a(n) _____ attribution.
a) circumstantial; personal
b) situational; dispositional
c) realistic; biased
d) correct; incorrect
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
6) Two of the major attributional mistakes people make are _____.
a) the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias
b) situational attributions and dispositional attributions
c) the actor bias and the observer bias
d) stereotypes and prejudices
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
7) We misjudge the causes of another person’s behavior because we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called_____.
a) the saliency bias
b) the actor-observer error
c) the fundamental attribution error
d) the self-serving bias
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
8) A stranger walking in front of you trips. You assume this is because he is clumsy, rather than considering the fact that the sidewalk might be uneven. You have just committed _____.
a) the saliency bias
b) the fundamental attribution error
c) a self-serving bias
d) a defensive attribution
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
9) The tendency to focus on the most noticeable factors when explaining the cause of behavior is called the _____ bias.
a) obvious
b) just noticeable difference
c) saliency
d) pseudo-reality
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
10) One explanation for why people commit the fundamental attribution error is _____.
a) the self-serving bias
b) the saliency bias
c) the obviousness bias
d) prejudice
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
11) When you attempt to maintain a positive self-image by taking credit for your successes and emphasizing external causes for your failures, you are engaged in _____.
a) a self-delusion
b) the self-serving bias
c) rationalization
d) an actor-observer error
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
12) The desires to maintain self-esteem and project a good public image are two motivations for the use of _____.
a) the fundamental attribution error
b) the self-serving bias
c) the saliency bias
d) an internal locus of control
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
13) Amelia failed a test and said it was because the questions were “tricky”; Oscar passed the same test and said it was because he studied hard. Amelia is using _____; Oscar is using _____.
a) a dispositional locus of control; a situational locus of control
b) the fundamental attribution error; the self-serving bias
c) the self-serving bias; the self-serving bias
d) external self-efficacy; internal self-efficacy
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
14) The fact that husbands and wives both report doing more than 50% of the household chores is an example of _____.
a) self-handicapping
b) the fundamental attribution error
c) the self-attribution error
d) the self-serving bias
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
15) Which of the following is most often TRUE of social behavior?
a) Most people judge others more harshly than they judge themselves.
b) Opposites attract.
c) Prejudice is the same as discrimination.
d) Punching a pillow is a good way to release tension and reduce aggression.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
16) Compared to individualist cultures, collectivist cultures tend to have lower rates of
a) attributions.
b) prejudice and discrimination.
c) the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias.
d) social influence.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
17) The tendency to attribute other people’s behaviors to personality factors while attributing our own behaviors to situational factors is called the ________ bias.
a) self-serving
b) actor-observer
c) fundamental attribution
d) saliency
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
18) A learned predisposition to respond positively or negatively toward a particular object, person, or event is called a(n) ________.
a) belief
b) concept
c) schema
d) attitude
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
19) Regarding attitudes toward birth control, the belief that birth control is important reflects the ______component of attitude.
a) affective
b) behavioral
c) cognitive
d) situational
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
20) Regarding attitudes toward birth control, being fearful of unwanted pregnancy reflects the ______component of attitude.
a) affective
b) behavioral
c) cognitive
d) situational
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
21) Regarding attitudes toward birth control, using birth control on a regular basis to avoid an undesired pregnancy demonstrates the ______component of attitude.
a) affective
b) behavioral
c) cognitive
d) situational
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
22) Charlton says, “I think that handguns should be registered, and that owners should be required to keep a trigger lock on them.” This is an example of which component of Charlton’s attitude about guns?
a) affective
b) cognitive
c) behavioral
d) emotional
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
23) With regard to Ina’s attitude toward her homeland of Greece, which of the following illustrates the affective component?
a) “I believe that Greece is the best place on earth to live.”
b) “I feel much happier when I am at home in Greece.”
c) “I’m going back to Greece when this semester is over.”
d) “I know that everyone wishes that they could be Greek.”
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
24) Louise is so disillusioned by the actions of politicians from both political parties that she plans to vote for independent candidates in the next election. Her new voting plan is an example of which component of Louise’s attitude about politicians?
a) affective
b) cognitive
c) behavioral
d) emotional
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
25) The theory that proposes that people are motivated to make attitudinal changes when they experience tension after becoming aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and their behaviors is ________ theory.
a) Bandura’s social learning
b) Festinger’s cognitive dissonance
c) Freud’s defense mechanisms
d) Leon’s power of inconsistencies
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
26) According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following advocates of managed care services for mental health is MOST likely to change his or her attitude?
a) Jeanette, who is paid $1 for arguing against managed care
b) Homer, who is paid $50 for arguing against managed care
c) Belinda, who had to argue against managed care to save her job
d) Brandon, who has worked for a doctor’s office for years and regularly calls managed care companies to arrange payments
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
27) The REASON a person is being paid $1 to lie changes her or his attitude more than the person who is being paid $50 to lie is that _____.
a) $1 was insufficient justification for arguing against a cause
b) $50 was overcompensation for arguing against a cause
c) doing what the experimenter wants should be reward enough without getting money
d) simply arguing against an attitude would not cause a change in that attitude
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
28) In the classic dissonance experiment, which group had more attitude change?
a) The group that was paid $1
b) The group that was paid $20
c) The control group
d) There was no difference in attitude change between the two groups
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
29) Cross-cultural research suggests that cognitive dissonance may be a result of placing a high value on _____.
a) independence and individualism
b) connection with others
c) appraisal by others
d) honesty and integrity
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
30) _____ is a learned, generally negative, attitude toward members of a group.
a) Discrimination
b) Stereotyping
c) Cognitive biasing
d) Prejudice
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
31) Which of the following is an example of a prejudice?
a) All blondes are dumb.
b) All men are strong.
c) All Asians are smart.
d) All Jewish people are good with money
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
32) A set of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a group that is generalized to all group members is called a _____.
a) cognitive bias
b) cognitive resonance
c) negative schema
d) stereotype
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
33) Prejudice is an attitude, and its cognitive component is called _____.
a) discrimination
b) a stereotype
c) a cognitive bias
d) a negative schema
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
34) Negative behavior directed at members of a group is called _____.
a) prejudice
b) stereotyping
c) discrimination
d) harassment
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
35) Prejudice is _____; discrimination is _____.
a) a behavior; a belief
b) unethical; illegal
c) an attitude; a behavior
d) innate; learned
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
36) Mr. Bundy believes that women make poor shoe salespersons, but hires a woman to sell his shoes anyway and treats them the same as his male employees. Based on this information, which of the following is TRUE regarding Mr. Bundy?
a) He is prejudiced, but does not discriminate against women.
b) He discriminates, but is not prejudiced against women.
c) He is prejudiced and discriminates against women.
d) He stereotypes, is prejudiced, and discriminates against women.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
37) Who is LEAST likely to learn a prejudice against a new group of people?
a) Angela watches a movie in which members of this group are demeaned.
b) Gabriel hears his parents and friends make derogatory statements about members of this group.
c) Kema demeans a member of this group and experiences a rise in his own self-esteem.
d) Marquita goes to school with classmates from a variety of different backgrounds.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
38) The mental shortcut explanation for the initiation and maintenance of prejudice suggests that _____.
a) defense mechanisms are responsible for prejudice
b) stereotypes allow us to make quick judgments and free mental resources for other activities
c) self-talk and automatic thoughts cause prejudicial thinking
d) the self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error cause prejudicial thoughts
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
39) This is a cognitive process in which members of an ingroup are viewed more positively than members of an outgroup.
a) Reciprocity of liking
b) Positive familiarity
c) Ingroup favoritism
d) Outgroup prejudice
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
40) This is a cognitive process in which members of an outgroup are judged as less diverse than members of an ingroup.
a) The melting-pot phenomenon
b) Homeostatic similarity
c) The birds-of-a-feather phenomenon
d) Outgroup homogeneity
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
41) Saying that members of another ethnic group “all look alike to me” may be an example of _____.
a) ingroup favoritism
b) the outgroup homogeneity effect
c) outgroup negativism
d) ingroup bias
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
42) Which of the following principles of social psychology may have made it easier for American soldiers to kill Vietnamese civilians in the 1970s?
a) Outgroup homogeneity
b) Ingroup favoritism
c) Homeostatic similarity
d) Reciprocal dislike
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
43) The economic and political competition explanation for prejudice suggests that people_____ will be more prejudiced.
a) in the lower class
b) in the upper class
c) in the middle class
d) with little political power
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
44) People will attack an alternate target group rather than the real source of their frustration when the source is either bigger and retaliatory, or ambiguous or unknown. This is the _____ explanation for prejudice.
a) displaced aggression
b) realistic conflict
c) outgroup
d) projected frustration
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
45) Research suggests that one of the best ways to decrease prejudice is to encourage _____.
a) cooperation
b) friendly competition
c) reciprocity of liking
d) conformity
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
46) In the classic Sherif study, prejudice was initiated in two groups of boys at summer camp by encouraging _____, and successfully eliminated by creating _____.
a) ingroups; mixed groups
b) aggressive competition; friendly competition
c) competition; common goals
d) passive cooperation; active cooperation
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
47) If Earth was threatened by a comet from outer space, it is likely that ethnic fighting would decrease as nations came together to prevent this global calamity. This is an example of how _____ is/are important in reducing prejudice.
a) supernatural phenomena
b) common goals
c) cosmic cooperation
d) intergalactic interference
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
48) When a natural disaster strikes, members of a community who previously distrusted or fought with each other often work together to deal with the aftermath. Once the emergency is over, there is usually a decrease in prejudice as a result of _____.
a) the friendly competition fostered by the emergency team leaders
b) increased contact and cooperation brought on by the common goal
c) sharing the near-death experience
d) the scarcity of resources and abundance of problems
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
49) For increased contact to diminish prejudice between two groups of people, which of the following factors MUST be present?
a) close interaction, interdependence, and equal status
b) common goals and homogeneous tasks
c) reciprocity of liking, equality, and friendly competition
d) positive experiences, close interdependence, and heterogeneous goals
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
50) Undoing negative associations and learning positive ones, and selectively attending to similarities rather than differences, are examples of _____.
a) modeling
b) empathy
c) cognitive retraining
d) superordinate goals
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
51) Cooperation, increased contact, and cognitive retraining all create _____ by increasing the discrepancy among your beliefs, emotions, and behaviors toward members of an outgroup, thus motivating you to change your prejudicial attitudes toward that group.
a) superordinate beliefs
b) non-discriminatory attitudes
c) cognitive dissonance
d) all of these options
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
52) Two of the MAJOR kinds of social influence are _____.
a) lowball and foot-in-the-door
b) persuasion and agreement
c) agreement and disagreement
d) conformity and obedience
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
53) This is the change in behavior that occurs in response to real or imagined group pressure.
a) Norm compliance
b) Obedience
c) Conformity
d) Mob rule
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
54) In the classic Asch study of conformity, _____ of the subjects conformed and agreed with obviously incorrect choices made by other group members.
a) less than 10 percent
b) about one-quarter
c) more than one-third
d) more than 50 percent
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
55) What are three factors that explain why people conform?
a) Personality, genetics, and learning
b) Motivational level, level of physiological arousal, and level of interpersonal arousal
c) Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference groups
d) Introversion-extroversion, bystander bias, and ingroup-outgroup roles
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
56) When someone has a need for approval and acceptance by a group, they often conform to the norms set by that group. This is called _____ social influence.
a) normative
b) desirable
c) in-group
d) informational
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
57) After the first week at his new school, Gratias had his hair cut the way others were wearing theirs and started tucking in his shirt the way other boys on campus did in order to fit in. This is an example of _____.
a) ingroup favoritism
b) an outgroup wannabe
c) normative social influence
d) gang influence
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
58) A cultural rule of behavior that prescribes what is acceptable or unacceptable in a given situation is called a _____.
a) norm
b) motivator
c) behavioral determinant
d) meta-rule
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
59) With regard to the norm for personal space, which of the following persons is MOST likely to break the U.S. norm by standing too close to an American adult?
a) A Scandinavian tourist
b) An American teenager
c) A Mediterranean guest
d) A violent prisoner
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
60) When someone lacks adequate knowledge about how to behave, they often conform to group pressure if the group provides them with direction and information. This is called _____ social influence.
a) normative
b) intellectual
c) educational
d) informational
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
61) Lincoln thought he smelled smoke for a second. He looked at others in the classroom and at the teacher. No one seemed concerned, so Lincoln continued taking his test along with his other classmates. This is MOST likely an example of _____.
a) normative social influence
b) focused attention
c) informational social influence
d) the actor-observer effect
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
62) Sometimes people conform because they like and admire a group, and want to be like them. This is the _____ explanation for conformity.
a) need for approval
b) reciprocity of liking
c) reference group
d) foot-in-the-door
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
63) Amorita agrees to party with friends she admires rather than staying home to study even though she'd rather stay home to study. This is an example of _____.
a) the effect of low self-esteem on conformity
b) ingroup social influence
c) desirable social influence
d) how a reference group influences conformity
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
64) Obedience is BEST defined as following _____.
a) the lead of others
b) a direct command or order from an authority figure
c) group norms by way of informational social influence
d) directions from anyone who tells you what to do
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
65) Milgram’s participants thought they were participating in an experiment to study the effects of _____.
a) obedience to authority
b) arousal on memory
c) punishment on learning
d) electric shock on brain-wave activity
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
66) In Milgram’s original study, when did obedience INCREASE?
a) When orders were given by an ordinary person
b) When the teacher chose the shock level
c) When the teacher watched two others disobey
d) When the teacher read a list of words while another delivered the shock
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
67) Stanley Milgram was really investigating _____ in his classic teacher-learner shock study.
a) the effects of punishment on learning
b) the effects of reinforcement on learning
c) obedience to authority
d) what kind of conformity was most likely to occur
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
68) Less than _____ percent of the public thought they would shock a learner beyond 300 volts; in reality, _____ percent of the actual participants did so.
a) 5; 50
b) 50; 5
c) 25; 65
d) 65; 25
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
69) The results of Milgram’s research suggest that _____ will follow orders to hurt someone.
a) only “monsters”
b) a majority of “normal” people
c) everyone
d) people with mental disorders
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
70) Milgram’s research suggests that _____ factors are MOST important when it comes to obedience.
a) person
b) personality
c) situational
d) cultural
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
71) Which of the following will DECREASE obedience?
a) Having a person with authority give the command
b) Starting low and gradually increasing commands
c) Holding each person responsible for his or her own behavior
d) Providing obedient role models
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
72) Zimbardo’s simulation of prison life provided a dramatic demonstration of the power of _____ on behavior.
a) individuation
b) norms
c) roles
d) conformity
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
73) In Zimbardo’s classic prison study, the _____ took their roles so seriously that the experiment had to be discontinued prior to completion.
a) prisoners and judges
b) lawyers and prisoners
c) judges and lawyers
d) prisoners and guards
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
74) Zimbardo’s prison study had to be stopped prior to the end of the scheduled two weeks because _____.
a) the human ethics committee objected to its effects
b) both prisoners and guards were exhibiting alarming changes in behavior
c) the parents of the students who were participating insisted that it be discontinued
d) guards felt guilty about their behavior and asked to stop the experiment
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
75) During _____, a person who feels anonymous within a group experiences an increase in arousal and a decrease in self-consciousness, inhibitions, and personal responsibility.
a) groupthink
b) group polarization
c) authoritarianism
d) deindividuation
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
76) The critical factor in deindividuation is _____.
a) loss of self-esteem
b) anonymity
c) identity diffusion
d) group cohesiveness
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
77) Whether a group's final decision is risky or conservative depends on _____.
a) the intellectual capacity of the group
b) the dominant preexisting tendencies of the group
c) the group’s emotional intelligence
d) how many sensation-seekers there are in the group
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
78) A group’s movement toward either riskier or more conservative behavior, depending on members’ initial dominant tendency, is called _____.
a) the availability heuristic
b) a cognitive reversal
c) group polarization
d) groupthinking
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
79) Which of the following is a primary antecedent to groupthink?
a) A very diffused, separated group of people
b) Isolation of the group from outside influences
c) Non-directive leadership
d) A high level of open-mindedness
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
80) Faulty decision making that is the result of a highly cohesive group striving for agreement to the point of avoiding inconsistent information is known as _____.
a) the risky shift
b) group polarization
c) groupthink
d) destructive conformity
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
81) Which of the following is NOT a situation in which groupthink can occur?
a) A military strategy session
b) A jury room
c) A couple planning to get married
d) An individual who is trying to decide if he wants to go out tonight
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
82) Which of the following has been found to increase aggressive behaviors?
a) Rock music
b) Insults
c) Horror movies
d) Certain medications
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
83) This form of behavior is intended to harm someone.
a) Altruism
b) Aggression
c) Discrimination
d) Deindividuation
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
84) Which of the following statements regarding the possible biological origins of aggression has NOT been supported by research?
a) The drive for aggression is a basic instinct that promotes survival.
b) Some people are genetically predisposed to have hostile temperaments and engage in aggressive acts.
c) Testosterone is linked to aggressive behavior.
d) Aggressive behavior can be a consequence of certain types of brain injury.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
85) A major factor in many forms of aggression is _____.
a) testosterone levels
b) alcohol
c) repressed anger
d) the actor’s sex
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
86) Research suggests that children who are exposed to more TV or video game violence may _____.
a) recognize that the violence is unrealistic
b) imitate the violence
c) stop others from playing the games
d) regularly discuss the games with their parents
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
87) According to research, which of the following does NOT help to reduce aggression?
a) Channeling aggressive impulses into harmless activities
b) Introducing incompatible responses
c) Improving social and communications skills
d) Attacking the problem at a societal level
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
88) Services that focus on helping people who have a demonstrated history of aggressive behaviors avoid repeating those actions are part of ________ prevention.
a) primary
b) secondary
c) peripheral
d) tertiary
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
89) Actions that are designed to help others with no obvious benefit to the helper are collectively known as ___________.
a) empathy
b) sympathy
c) altruism
d) egoism
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
90) Which of the following is not an example of altruism.
a) Donating blood for money
b) Volunteering at a homeless shelter during the holidays
c) Letting a mother with triplet infants cut in front of you in the grocery-store line
d) Testifying in court against gang members whom you observed selling drugs to children in your neighborhood
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
91) In the _____, helping behavior is motivated by some anticipated gain.
a) empathy-altruism hypothesis
b) egoistic model
c) instinct theory
d) reciprocity model
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
92) In the _____, helping behavior is motivated by concern for someone in need of help.
a) sympathy-ego model
b) empathy-altruism hypothesis
c) egoistic model
d) social instinct hypothesis
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
93) Regarding reasons people engage in altruistic behaviors, which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
a) Instinct: ensures continuation of genetic code
b) Egoistic model: increase in self-esteem
c) Empathy-altruism: expectation of later reciprocation
d) Egoistic model: avoidance of guilt or distress
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
94) Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Latane and Darley’s model of helping behavior?
a) Noticing the event or problem
b) Interpreting the event or problem as an emergency
c) Accepting personal responsibility
d) Solving the problem
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
95) In groups of two or more people, this is the tendency to assume that someone else will take action.
a) The problem of assumption
b) The social loafing phenomenon
c) Faulty interpretation
d) Diffusion of responsibility
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
96) According to Darley and Latane’s decision process of helping:
a) if the answer at each step is yes, help is given.
b) if the answer at each step is no, help is often given.
c) there are six steps in the process.
d) help will still be given even if some answers are yes and some are no.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
97) According to Latane and Darley, in which of the following situations are you MOST likely to get help from bystanders?
a) In a room with one other person
b) On a bus with several strangers
c) In a busy campus restroom
d) On a well-traveled freeway
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
98) Pointing to someone in a crowd to call the police increases helping by _____.
a) decreasing the diffusion of responsibility
b) decreasing social loafing
c) initiating the egoistic model
d) decreasing the size of the crowd
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
99) The degree of positive feelings you have toward others is called _____.
a) affective relations
b) interpersonal attraction
c) interpersonal attitudes
d) affective connections
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
100) The most important factor(s) in interpersonal attraction at the beginning of a relationship is/are:
a) physical attractiveness.
b) proximity.
c) similarity and proximity.
d) physical attractiveness and proximity.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
101) The most important factor(s) in maintaining a long-term relationship is/are _____.
a) physical attractiveness
b) proximity
c) similarity
d) proximity and physical attractiveness
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
102) Cross-cultural research on physical attractiveness has found all EXCEPT one of
the following.
a) The Chinese once practiced foot binding because small feet were considered attractive in women.
b) Most people show a preference for faces that are average as opposed to “distinct.”
c) In most Eastern cultures, men prefer women with power and financial status over beauty.
d) For men, maturity and financial resources are more important than appearance in their ability to attract a mate.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
103) Physical attractiveness is important in attraction across cultures because it _____.
a) is so rare
b) indicates good health, good genes, and high fertility
c) is our most obvious characteristic
d) indicates that a person comes from “good stock.”
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
104) This explains why, despite an “ideal” for attractiveness, most of us find mates or partners who are similar to ourselves.
a) Evolutionary psychology
b) The eye of the beholder phenomenon
c) The good-enough hypothesis
d) The matching hypothesis
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
105) Proximity is a key factor in attraction, which means that two people need to be _____.
a) close to each other in size, shape, and other physical features
b) matched in personality traits
c) geographically close to each other
d) quite different from each other.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
106) The mere exposure effect increases liking because _____.
a) it increases proximity
b) familiar objects and people are less threatening than novel ones
c) it promotes similarity of beliefs
d) all of these options
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
107) A sharing of common interests, values, and beliefs that contributes to long-term attraction is called _____.
a) proximal attitudes
b) similarity
c) homogeneity of liking
d) complementarity
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
108) This is an intense feeling of attraction to another person with an erotic context with future expectations.
a) Stalking
b) Need complementarity
c) Need compatibility
d) Romantic love
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
109) Romantic love has been found in _____ cultures.
a) mostly Western
b) few agricultural
c) individualistic, but not in collectivist
d) 147 out of 166
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
110) Romantic love lasts _____.
a) forever, for a lucky few
b) for less than 6 weeks for most couples
c) for 6-30 months in many cases
d) until a couple has children, at which point it tends to diminish
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
111) A constructive way to keep romantic love alive longer is through _____.
a) interference by others or situations that frustrate your desires
b) maintaining the mystery by holding back some information
c) nurturing it with flirting, flattery, and celebrations
d) a healthy, open-minded sexual relationship
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
112) According to your text, a major role of romantic love may be that it _____.
a) insures sexual contact that will pass on your genetic material
b) makes life worth living
c) keeps us attracted long enough to move on to companionate love
d) decreases natural suspicion and animosity between the sexes
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
113) A strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship is called _____ love.
a) companionate
b) intimate
c) passionate
d) fatuous
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
114) A constructive way to maintain companionate love is to _____.
a) be realistic about each other’s faults
b) overlook each other’s faults
c) point out each other’s faults
d) encourage your partner to work with you in therapy to fix both of your faults
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
Question type: Text Entry
115) The part of the brain that is proportionally larger in human beings than in any other mammal and is believed to play a role in social behavior is the ________.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
116) What are the three components of an attitude? Give a brief example of each component of an attitude that you happen to hold.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
117) ________ prevention involves promoting healthy development in the general
population, such as teaching better social and communication skills to all ages.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of Interpersonal Relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
118) When a woman falls over and passes out in a shopping mall, a passerby yells “Someone call 911!” Nobody makes that call however, and the poor woman goes without medical help. The tendency of the onlookers to all assume that someone else would make the call is called ________.
Answer 2: diffusion of responsibility
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of Interpersonal Relations
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 3: Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World
Question type: Essay
119) Define attribution. Describe and illustrate the two critical misjudgments people make, and state possible reasons for each.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
120) Describe cognitive dissonance theory. Explain the three ways cognitive dissonance can be resolved, using an example of cognitive dissonance you have experienced in your own life.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
121) Define attitude and prejudice, and describe the three basic components of an attitude, using them to differentiate between a stereotype and discrimination.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
122) Imagine that you are a preschool teacher and you have noticed that several “cliques” of students are showing signs of prejudice and discrimination toward one another. Describe how you could implement cooperation, common goals, increased contact, and cognitive retraining to reduce these attitudes and behaviors.
Section Reference 1: Social Cognition
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the field of social psychology and its largest subfield, social cognition Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
123) Define conformity, and explain the three factors that contribute to this behavior, using examples of conformity from your own personal history.
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
124) Define obedience, and describe how authority, responsibility, modeling, and graduations in requests affected obedience in Milgram’s study.
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
125) Define what a role is, then describe Zimbardo’s classic prison study, the behavior of both guards and prisoners, and what was learned from the study.
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
126) Discuss how group polarization and groupthink affect group decision making. Illustrate your discussion with what might occur during jury deliberations on an accused serial murderer.
Section Reference 1: Social Influence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Review the main types of social influence
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
127) Describe three key factors in interpersonal attraction and state how each contributes to either the initiation or maintenance of a relationship.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
128) Define aggression, and describe five biological factors and three psychosocial factors that may contribute to its expression.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of social relations on our development and experience
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
129) Define altruism and diffusion of responsibility, then use Latane and Darley’s research to describe how you could increase the likelihood of getting help if your car broke down on a busy freeway.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
130) List and describe the three basic components of love according to Sternberg’s Triangular theory, and discuss the different kinds of love that may develop from different combinations of these components.
Section Reference 1: Social Relations
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: Summarize the influence of interpersonal relations
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology