Ch.17 Industrial/Organizational Psychology Exam Questions

Chapter: Chapter 17, 12th Edition, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Multiple Choice, Short Answer/Fill-In, and Essay

Multiple Choice

1. _____ psychology is concerned with the development and application of scientific principles

to the workplace.

a) Industrial

b) Organizational

c) Industrial/Organizational

d) Business

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

2. Industrial psychology deals with all but which of the following?

a) employee recruitment

b) job design

c) the social context of the workplace

d) a management perspective

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

3. Organizational psychology deals with all but which of the following?

a) the employee within the social context of the workplace

b) leadership and power

c) worker motivation and satisfactions

d) the management perspective

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

4. If you were interested in solving problems in the workplace, you might enjoy a career as a(n)_____ psychologist.

a) applied/social

b) social/environmental

c) industrial/organizational

d) clinical/counseling

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 5: Professional Development

5. Which of the following is NOT an area of focus for I/O psychologists?

a) Job design

b) Vacation locations and retirement options for workers

c) Recruitment, testing, training, and evaluation of workers

d) Leadership style, worker motivation, and job satisfaction

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

6. Which of the following statements best describes the field of industrial/organizational psychology?

a) It is a field that does basic research on the skills (memory, perception, etc.) needed for most jobs.

b) It is an applied field of psychology concerned with the development and application of scientific principles to the workplace.

c) It is a field dedicated to helping underprivileged countries develop lucrative industries.

d) It is a field that is confined to performing applied research on labor-management issues.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

7. The first major figure in I/O psychology was Walter Dill Scott, who proposed that psychological principles could be applied to the field of _____.

a) industry

b) advertising

c) government

d) engineering

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

8. Which of the following was NOT a suggestion of Walter Dill Scott for market improvement?

a) Imitating the strategies of successful companies

b) Encouraging competition among companies with similar goods and services

c) Building loyalty between producers and suppliers

d) Maintaining production of general rather than specialized products

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

9. Which of the following was one of Frederick W. Taylor’s principles for increasing organizational efficiency and profitability?

a) Use science to design more efficient work methods

b) Imitate strategies of successful companies

c) Build competition between managers and workers

d) Building loyalty between producers and suppliers

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

10. Hugo Munsterberg applied psychology to the workplace in which of the following areas?

a) Selecting workers

b) Building loyalty

c) Developing healthy competition

d) Designing more ergonomic workspaces

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

11. Robert Yerkes helped I/O psychology gain respectability by proposing that psychological testing be used to _____.

a) select and hire employees

b) promote managers

c) evaluate the mental abilities of Army recruits

d) identify which children might grow up to be good teachers

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

12. Army Alpha refers to ______.

a) the first army battalion to be racially integrated.

b) the theory that leaders are born, not made.

c) the first test to measure the need for power developed during WWII.

d) the first group intelligence test developed during WWI.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

13. I/O Psychology was an established force in the workplace:

a) by the start of World War I.

b) between World War I and World War II.

c) the end of World War II.

d) prior to the beginning of the Vietnam war.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

14. The Hawthorne effect was discovered in a study of the relationship between _____.

a) managers and workers

b) lighting and worker efficiency

c) Army recruits and mental ability

d) product placement and sales

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

15. The _____ occurs due to the novelty of being in a research situation or from the expectation of being observed.

a) halo error

b) observational bias

c) Hawthorne effect

d) spectator bias

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

16. According to your text, the major contribution of the Hawthorne studies was the discovery that workers’ behavior was _____.

a) influenced by the physical setting

b) influenced by social factors in the workplace

c) directly related to individualized training

d) indirectly related to the manager's leadership style

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

17. Which of the following was not mandated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

a) Recruiting practices and training have to be fair to all job applicants.

b) All applicants for government jobs had to take (and pass) the Army Alpha or Army Beta intelligence test.

c) Jobs that had been previously reserved for white males now must be open to ethnic minorities and women.

d) Screening tests for job applicants have to be valid predictors of job performance.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

18. A major component of industrial psychology is to find _____.

a) “a needle in a haystack”

b) “the meaning” of work

c) “the key to occupational happiness”

d) “the right person for the right job”

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

19. A detailed description of the skills, knowledge, and abilities required by a particular job is called a(n) _____.

a) job analysis

b) job description

c) itemized task inventory

d) differential skills description

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

20. Personnel recruitment begins with _____.

a) advertising

b) candidate screening

c) a job analysis

d) management requirements

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

21. Biodata refers to _____.

a) biological rhythms used to chart employee productivity

b) biological screening for potentially costly employee health problems

c) interview records collected by I/O psychologists

d) detailed biographical information about a job applicant

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

22. The most popular selection device when looking for a qualified job candidate is _____. It is found to carry the most weight

a) a job application

b) standardized psychological testing

c) an interview

d) a skills or performance test

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

23. Which of the following was not a suggestion in your text for improving your interviewing skills?

a) Learn about the history and size of the company

b) Practice role-playing an interviewer

c) Try to make friends with the interviewer

d) Demonstrate eagerness and assertiveness

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 5: Professional Development

24. A(n) _____ is a better predictor of job qualifications than a(n) _____, and it can help reduce bias on the part of the person doing the hiring.

a) structured interview; unstructured interview

b) unstructured interview; standardized psychological test

c) standardized psychological test; skills or performance test

d) job application; structured or unstructured interview

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

25. Successful job applicants are usually _____ during an interview.

a) punctual, motivated, and extroverted

b) well-dressed, humorous, and informed

c) friendly, eager, and assertive

d) formal, informed, and verbose

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

26. A corporate culture_____.

a) is mandated by law

b) reduces employer liability for dissatisfied workers

c) teaches new employees about important attitudes and norms

d) has to be codified in writing so that new employees have level protections

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

27. A group’s set of shared attitudes, values, and expected behaviors is called _____.

a) the organizational culture

b) the personality-job-fit theory

c) the Hawthorne effect

d) an organizational structure

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

28. Which of the following is illustrative of an organizational culture?

a) McKing’s Burger Joint expects its employees to share in the promotion of its friendly dining atmosphere.

b) Sunny Manufacturers is open from 9 to 5, Monday through Friday.

c) The Department of Traffic Regulations requires its director to have a graduate degree.

d) The Blockstar Movie House conducts a formal analysis of all applicants’ KSAOs before making hiring decisions.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

29. The formal procedure an organization uses to assess how well an employee is functioning at work is called a _____.

a) job analysis

b) Hawthorne appraisal

c) performance evaluation

d) KSAO evaluation

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

30. Which of the following is NOT associated with better employee performance?

a) Constructive criticism

b) Bonuses for being an employee of the company

c) Performance evaluations

d) Reinforcement that is closely related to job performance

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

31. In a “360-degree” performance measure, evaluations are included from all but which of the following?

a) supervisors

b) peers

c) subordinates

d) job applicants

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

32. Which of the following is an objective performance evaluation?

a) Ivan received a moderate rating from his supervisor.

b) Keenan obtained a top rating from his peers.

c) Beatrice sold fewer widgets than any of her peers.

d) Ozelle was voted most likely to succeed in his college yearbook.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

33. If an employer used the number of cases won by a lawyer as part of his or her performance evaluation, this would be an example of _____.

a) the halo error

b) an objective measure

c) a 360-degree multisource measure

d) a subjective measure

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

34. Which of the following is a subjective performance evaluation?

a) Ivan met his sales quota for the month.

b) Kevin made ten more cold-calls than were required during this evaluation cycle.

c) Beatrice's multisource measures showed customer, colleague, and management satisfaction with her performance.

d) Ozelle sorted the exact number of mail trays specified in her probationary employment agreement.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

35. A problem with subjective evaluations is the _____, which is the tendency to rate someone either too high or too low based on one outstanding trait.

a) subjective bias

b) halo error

c) exceptional bias

d) evaluation heuristic

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

36. A supervisor gives the salesman with the most sales a “below standards” sales evaluation just because the salesman was late to work two days in a row last week. Based on this information, this is an example of _____.

a) prejudice

b) discrimination

c) the halo error

d) an evaluation heuristic

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

37. To decrease the problem of rater bias, a 360-degree performance measure _____.

a) uses circular reasoning

b) is conducted 360 days per year

c) uses multiple sources of performance measures

d) has the employee rate him- or herself on a scale of 1 to 10 in 36 dimensions of job performance.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

38. One way to decrease the problem of rater bias is to use a specially designed scale that assigns a numerical rating for _____.

a) performance in critical areas rather than specific traits

b) supervisor effectiveness rather than employee production

c) specific traits rather than general ones

d) departmental objectives rather than individual objectives

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

39. The branch of I/O psychology that focuses on the individual employee within the social context of the

workplace is known as _____ psychology.

a) industrial

b) organizational

c) managerial

d) worker

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

40. This is NOT one of the areas of interest in organizational psychology.

a) Leadership and power

b) Applicant evaluation

c) Job satisfaction

d) Worker motivation

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

41. The Trait, situational, and functional perspectives are all used to assess ________.

a) manipulation

b) persuasion

c) power

) leadership

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

42. When groups meet to complete a task or reach a particular goal, they need someone to keep the group focused on the most immediate or relevant goal. The person that performs these functions would be considered a __________ leader.

a) task-oriented

b) relationship-oriented

c) laissez-faire

d) autocratic

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

43. Which of the following is not one of the three major perspectives attempting to explain leadership?

a) Charismatic

b) Trait

c) Situational

d) Functional

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

44. The belief that leadership results from specific inherited personality traits is known as the _____ theory.

a) natural born leader

b) instinctive leadership

c) Great-person

d) XYZ

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

45. _____________ leadership helps to maintain group morale, satisfaction, and motivation.

a) Relationship-oriented

b) Task-oriented

c) Autocratic

d) Democratic

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

46. The major drawback to the laissez-faire approach to leadership is that some workers ______________.

a) are not motivated

b) abuse freedom

c) need heavy supervision

d) need constant direction

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

47. Recent findings suggest that the _____ dimensions of personality are associated with leadership.

a) OCEAN

b) BEACH

c) GPT

d) XYZ

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

48. _____ leaders possess a compelling vision that transforms followers’ beliefs, values, or goals.

a) Formal

b) Informal

c) Charismatic

d) Self-actualized

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

49. The personality trait that has been identified as one of the strongest predictors of presidential performance is ________.

a) task effectiveness

b) participant leadership

c) democratic leadership

d) fearless dominance

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

50. Which of the following has not been identified as a trait associated with charismatic leaders?

a) Self-sacrifice

b) Formal communication

c) A stirring personality style

d) Self-confidence

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

51. ___________ managers believe employees dislike work, require direction and close supervision, and have little motivation.

a) Theory Y

b) Theory C

c) Theory X

d) Theory Z

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

52. A(n) _____ leader emerges during times of crisis, makes all decisions, assigns tasks, and demands full obedience.

a) Theory Z

b) participative

c) Theory Y

d) autocratic

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

53. A(n) _____ leader encourages group discussion and decision-making through consensus building.

a) democratic

b) Theory X

c) authoritarian

d) laissez-faire

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

54. Douglas McGregor is associated with which of the following types of managers?

a) Theory X and Theory Y

b) Theory Y and Theory Z

c) Theory XYZ

d) Autocratic and Democratic

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

55. A Theory _____ manager believes that employees like to work, are industrious, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

a) ABC

b) XYZ

c) X

d) Y

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

56. If you were a Theory X manager you might do which of the following with your employees?

a) Supervise employees closely

b) Give employees a lot of freedom to define their own roles

c) Leave employees alone, trusting that they are motivated to do their work without intervention

d) Allow employees to complete their own evaluations each year

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

57. Studies have shown that _____ leadership increases both efficiency and job satisfaction.

a) laissez-faire

b) Theory Y

c) Theory X

d) autocratic

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

58. A _____ leader is minimally involved in decision-making and encourages workers to make their own decisions and manage themselves.

a) democratic

b) participative

c) laissez-faire

d) Theory X

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

59. George is the supervisor of a large software company. He believes in hiring the right people, then generally leaves them alone to do their job. His style of leadership is called _____.

a) democratic

b) autocratic

c) relationship-oriented

d) laissez-faire

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

60. The _____ approach to leadership suggests that a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented depending on the needs of the group.

a) flexible

b) functional

c) laissez-faire

d) task-oriented

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Conceptual

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

61. A leader who keeps the group focused on reaching a particular goal is _____.

a) autocratic

b) task-oriented

c) problem-focused

d) solution-oriented

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

62. A leader who places a high emphasis on employee morale, satisfaction, and motivation is _____.

a) functional

b) democratic

c) relationship-oriented

d) participative

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

63. When a work group is unhappy and feels out of control, the best leadership style to take would be _____.

a) laissez-faire

b) participative

c) relationship-oriented

d) task-oriented

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Conceptual

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

64. “Common sense” would suggest female leaders are more likely to be relationship-oriented and male leaders, task-oriented. Research suggests _____.

a) there are large, significant gender differences that support this common sense belief

b) within gender differences are substantially less than between gender differences

c) that the reverse is, in fact, more accurate.

d) between gender differences are far less significant than those that occur within gender groups

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

65. In French and Raven’s theory of leadership power, ________ is not a type of power that was included.

a) referent

b) autocratic

c) legitimate

d) reward

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

66. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

a) Legitimate power: police officer

b) Expert power: president

c) Referent power: movie star

d) Reward power: bonuses

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

67. Legitimate power is based on _____.

a) the ability to reward desired behavior

b) the ability to punish undesirable behavior

c) the credibility of a job title

d) experience and expertise

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

68. _____ power is based on experience.

a) Legitimate

b) Referent

c) Authoritative

d) Expert

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

69. Identification with others, such as movie stars, athletes, or friends, is the basis for _____ power.

a) reward

b) referent

c) expert

d) superficial

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

70. A teacher’s power to grade, a supervisor’s power to promote, and a parent’s power to praise are all examples of _____ power.

a) coercive

b) legitimate

c) reward

d) referent

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

71. When a parent “grounds” a teenager or a police officer gives a ticket, they are using their _____ power.

a) legitimate

b) coercive

c) referent

d) relationship

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

72. Managers who believe that setting specific and difficult but attainable goals leads to higher performance subscribe to the _____ theory.

a) expectancy

b) goal-setting

c) complex objectives

d) equity

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

73. Cheyenne works at Wonderland College. Wonderland follows a strict chain of command structure. This type of structure is an example of ________ leadership.

a) formalized

b) informal

c) trait

d) functional

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

74. ___________ power is the ability to use punishment, or threat of it, for failure to comply with desired behavior.

a) Reward

b) Expert

c) Coercive

d) Expert

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: EASY

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

75. Edsel worked more overtime than any other autoworker, but received less pay than others doing the same job. According to equity theory, which of the following will result in a happy Edsel?

a) Edsel will tell his colleagues that he is being paid unfairly.

b) Edsel’s company will have to pay Edsel the same salary that it pays the other workers who work fewer hours.

c) Edsel will have to stop working overtime.

d) Edsel will have to quit his job and look for something better.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

76. Marika has been doing a very good job at work, and because of this she feels that she should get an extra $1 per hour in her salary. Instead her boss buys her a membership in the “Jelly of the Month” club to thank her for her good work, and is surprised when Marika is not excited about her bonus. Which factor of inequity is occurring?

a) Wrong psychological currency

b) Hidden expectations

c) Truck bankruptcy

d) Theory X leadership

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

77. The idea that worker motivation is dependent on expected outcomes, the desirability of those outcomes, and the effort needed to achieve them is called _____ theory.

a) outcome

b) expectancy

c) desirable outcome

d) EDE

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

78. According to expectancy theory, which of the following is NOT a question workers ask themselves before deciding whether or not to work hard?

a) Will I be rewarded for my work?

b) Is the reward being offered something that I want?

c) Will the effort I put into my work be recognized and appreciated by the company?

d) Will coworkers resent me if I work harder than they do?

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

79. Based on research, which of the following is not a benefit of a high level of job satisfaction?

a) Physical and psychological health

b) Retention of employees

c) Profit sharing

d) Improved productivity

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

80. The theory that a match between a person’s personality and occupation results in increased job satisfaction is known as _____.

a) expectancy theory

b) the halo effect

c) participative decision making

d) personality-job fit theory

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

81. The practice of going to work even when one is sick is called ________.

a) absenteeism

b) illpresence

c) “sick-in-ing”

d) presenteeism

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

Short Answer/Fill-In

82. In which profession did Hugo Munsterberg conduct his early research in I/O psychology?

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology.

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

83. What was the primary difference between the Army Alpha and the Army Beta?

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology.

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

84. What term refers to a system that lets recruiters and marketers send messages to mobile devices that are located within a defined geographical area?

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Knowledge

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Hard

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

85. List several ways you can use body language to make a strong impression during a job interview.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

86. A(n) ________ leader is one who motivates followers through the exchange of rewards for performance.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

87. Many workers do not feel able to put their faith in their colleagues because they have been “burned before.” This is referred to as ________>

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

Essay

88. Define industrial/organizational psychology, and summarize its historical origins and the contributions of Scott, Taylor, and Munsterberg.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology.

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

89. Describe the importance of the following events for the progression of I/O psychology: World War I, the Western Electric Hawthorne study, World War II, and the Civil Rights Act.

Section Ref: Introducing I/O Psychology

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 17.1

Objective Text: Summarize the nature and history of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

90. Imagine that you are an industrial psychologist hired to recruit and select managers for several new McKing’s Burger Joints. Define and describe your first step. Then explain various ways you could learn about your job candidates, stating why a structured interview would be the most reliable method. Finally, provide an example of a structured interview by writing a minimum of three questions you would want to ask your candidates.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

91. Define performance evaluations, and describe how they are used and what makes them most effective. Differentiate between subjective and objective measures, including the benefits and limitations of each, especially the halo error, and ways to improve them.

Section Ref: Management Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.2

Objective Text: Review the role of I/O psychology from a manager’s perspective

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

92. Contrast the three major leadership styles of autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

93. Describe the five bases of leadership power, providing an example of each.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

94. Describe Goal-setting, Equity and Expectancy Theories of motivation, and discuss how each theory might explain your current motivation to work on your college studies. End by stating what would have to change to improve your motivation, OR why your motivation does not need changing.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

95. Describe the benefits to management and employees of worker satisfaction. Discuss how

Holland’s personality-job fit theory is related to job satisfaction.

Section Ref: Worker Perspective

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 17.3

Objective Text: Summarize the contributions of I/O psychology from a worker’s perspective.

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking