Social Change Verified Test Bank Chapter 16 - The Real World Sociology 7e Test Bank by Kerry Ferris. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 16 Social Change
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the transformation of a culture over time called?
a. | social revolution |
b. | cultural evolution |
c. | social iteration |
d. | social change |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Remembering
2. What are the periods in which large-scale social change occurs so rapidly that whole societies are dramatically redefined?
a. | contagion theory eras |
b. | mass behavioral evolutions |
c. | social revolutions |
d. | the tragedy of the commons |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of the following statements about social change is true?
a. | It occurs exclusively during unmistakable periods in history. |
b. | It happens quickly. |
c. | It occurs rarely. |
d. | It is always happening. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Analyzing
4. Experts have posited that Syria’s change from a stable to an unstable country is partially due to an extensive drought. This means that the recent social change in Syria is partly due to
a. | a major physical event. |
b. | wide-scale demographic changes. |
c. | a new innovation or discovery. |
d. | war. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Applying
5. In recent years, salsa has overtaken ketchup as America’s most popular condiment. This is an example of
a. | resource mobilization. |
b. | social change. |
c. | cultural leveling. |
d. | the political power of Hispanics. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Applying
6. Typically parents teach children, not the other way around. However, it is now common for parents to call their children for help performing a simple task on a computer, such as attaching a file to an email. What creates situations in which parents have to turn to their children for help?
a. | war |
b. | emergent norms |
c. | social dilemmas |
d. | social change |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Analyzing
7. Approximately 12,000 years ago, people began to domesticate grain in what we now call the Middle East. This involved a process that slowly spread around the world over the next 6,000 to 7,000 years. In 1984, 8 percent of U.S. households had a computer, but that number was above 70 percent in 2008. How do these two things relate to social change?
a. | Neither is an example of social change. |
b. | Both are examples of social change that occurred at different rates. |
c. | The change in agriculture was a social change, but not the change in computer ownership. |
d. | The change in computer ownership was a social change, but not the change in agriculture. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Applying
8. The majority of households in the United States now have personal computers. The federal government has encouraged this trend for many reasons, including increased productivity, better education, and a better-informed public. At the same time, there has been an increase in acute injuries related to computers or computer tools. This is an example of
a. | the way individuals can change the world. |
b. | a fad or a temporary trend. |
c. | the unintended consequences of social change. |
d. | the rapid pace of change. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Understanding
9. Demographic factors, discoveries and inventions, and _________ are three of the main ways by which social change occurs.
a. | political regime changes |
b. | major physical events |
c. | war |
d. | disease |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change? | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
10. ________ was one of the earliest theories of collective behavior.
a. | Contagion |
b. | Emergent norms |
c. | Resource mobilization |
d. | Collective action |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
11. Thousands of UCLA students used to gather several times a year for an “undie run” as a way of relieving stress during finals until it was canceled due to safety concerns in 2009. Of what is this an example?
a. | emergent norms |
b. | a public goods dilemma |
c. | the tragedy of the commons |
d. | collective behavior |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
12. Large numbers of people form a ________ when they come together.
a. | crowd |
b. | collective behavior group |
c. | riot |
d. | fad |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
13. ________ is the theory of collective behavior that explains how a “mob mentality” takes over and rational thought disappears when crowds come together.
a. | Regressive action |
b. | Relative deprivation theory |
c. | Contagion theory |
d. | Emergent norm theory |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
14. “An agglomeration of men presents new characteristics very different from those of the individuals composing it. The sentiments and ideas of all the persons in the gathering take one and the same direction, and their conscious personality vanishes. . . It forms a single being . . .” Which theory describes this quote?
a. | public goods dilemma |
b. | tragedy of the commons |
c. | mass society theory |
d. | contagion theory |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
15. In trying to understand the evacuation during the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, B. E. Aguirre, Dennis Wenger, and Gabriela Vigo argue that the more “the search for meaning in the milling process focuses upon defining the situation as serious, the quicker should be the mobilization of people and the initiation of collective behavior.” What type of theory are they using to make this prediction?
a. | technological determinism |
b. | emergent norm theory |
c. | contagion theory |
d. | cultural diffusion |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Analyzing
16. You are walking across campus and see a large group of students gathered outside the student union listening to someone talk. You stop and try to listen, but you cannot get close enough. You ask another member of the crowd what is happening, and you are told that someone was proselytizing and some students gathered to listen while others argued with them. What does this tell you about crowds?
a. | A crowd does not have to share a geographic location. |
b. | People have many different motivations in any crowd. |
c. | Crowds are illogical. |
d. | People lose their individuality and become part of something like a collective mind when they join a crowd. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Analyzing
17. Two groups in Lincoln, Nebraska held rallies about health care during the summer of 2009, one supporting and one opposing legislation proposed to overhaul America’s health-care system. At one point, the two groups went beyond holding signs and shouting slogans, and tempers flared. Objects were thrown, shoving occurred, and the police had to step in to break up the
a. | social movement. |
b. | riot. |
c. | rally. |
d. | march. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
18. ________ occurs when a large number of people either collectively or individually engage in similar behaviors.
a. | Collective behavior |
b. | Riots |
c. | Mass behavior |
d. | Contagion |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
19. In 2013, YouTube user “DizastaMusic” uploaded a video featuring a segment called the “Harlem Shake.” Almost instantly, people started replicating the dance moves seen in the video and uploading their own versions of the segment to YouTube. Of what is this an example?
a. | a public goods dilemma |
b. | mass behavior |
c. | a crowd |
d. | contagion theory |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
20. Anna’s father tried a low-carb diet for a while, but stopped when he became aware of a new diet called “paleo.” This is an example of
a. | a fad. |
b. | fashion. |
c. | a social dilemma. |
d. | contagion theory. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
21. The relatively short-lived enthusiasm for leg warmers during the 1980s was an example of a
a. | social dilemma. |
b. | riot. |
c. | fad. |
d. | virtual community. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
22. How does a fad differ from fashion?
a. | Fads can mark you as belonging to a certain social group; fashion is widespread in society. |
b. | Fashion changes; fads are stable, if only among a small group of people. |
c. | Fads become very popular for short periods of time; fashions are widespread styles of behavior that may last for longer periods of time. |
d. | Fads and fashions are the same thing. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
23. ________ is/are behaviors that are rational for any given individual, but lead to disaster for an entire group.
a. | Cultural leveling |
b. | Postmodern dilemmas |
c. | Social dilemmas |
d. | Fads |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
24. Individual fishing boats may harvest more fish each year in order to maximize profits while, as a result, threatening the fish population with extinction. This is an example of
a. | a public goods dilemma. |
b. | the tragedy of the commons. |
c. | relative deprivation. |
d. | sustainable consumption. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
25. According to Garrett Hardin, social dilemmas can be solved
a. | with the proper application of science and technology. |
b. | by changing the behaviors of the people involved. |
c. | with specific technical solutions implemented by the government. |
d. | by increasing the resources available for exploitation. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Analyzing
26. A company that dumps toxic waste in a river to keep costs down will likely never get caught by environmental regulators. According to Garrett Harden, we can best understand the costs of this action in terms of a
a. | public goods dilemma. |
b. | relative deprivation. |
c. | tragedy of the commons. |
d. | social dilemma. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Analyzing
27. In 1968, Garrett Hardin described the tragedy of the commons. The classic example of the commons is a pasture where any community member can graze their livestock. What would be the modern equivalent of the commons?
a. | mass public entertainment, such as the circus and rock concerts |
b. | natural resources, such as water, air, forests, and plants |
c. | the Internet |
d. | shopping malls and retailers |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
28. A research team led by biologist Brian MacKenzie ran computer models of the population dynamics of the bluefin tuna, according to a study published in Conservation Letters. The models suggest that the population of bluefin in the Atlantic and Mediterranean oceans will most likely collapse even if fishing were banned immediately. This is a serious issue for sushi lovers everywhere, and some sociologists call it
a. | technological diffusion. |
b. | ecoterrorism. |
c. | a tragedy of the commons. |
d. | a public goods dilemma. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
29. Individual companies have an economic interest in fossil fuels, although they might cause a great deal of harm in the long run. What is it called when the pursuit of individual gain leads to loss for a larger group?
a. | social change |
b. | a tragedy of the commons |
c. | a fad or fashion |
d. | a public goods dilemma |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
30. Many people think that nuclear proliferation can be best understood as a tragedy of the commons. Which of the following might they propose as a solution if someone sees nuclear proliferation this way?
a. | a global grassroots movement demanding that governments destroy nuclear warheads |
b. | a better missile defense system that could make nuclear missiles obsolete |
c. | a series of technical innovations that could make nuclear inspections more effective by making illegal reactors easier to detect |
d. | better bomb shelters and new medical techniques to treat radiation poisoning |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Analyzing
31. A public goods dilemma occurs when
a. | individual actions that may be rational by themselves lead to a collective disaster. |
b. | individuals must give something to a collective resource without necessarily taking anything in return. |
c. | an individual tries to cheat the system by getting more than their fair share of the commons. |
d. | individuals encourage others to participate in a social movement. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
32. What are people called who take advantage of a public good without contributing to it?
a. | social dilemmas |
b. | members of a virtual community |
c. | free riders |
d. | interest groups |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
33. According to the text, sociologists would consider someone who listens to public radio but never contributes during pledge drives as a
a. | free rider. |
b. | parasite. |
c. | social tragedy. |
d. | community malcontent. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
34. Litter may not be the most pressing problem facing our society, but many people still wish that our streets and parks had less trash strewn about. However, it is difficult to convince people to clean these public areas, which is a problem that sociologists would call
a. | a public goods dilemma. |
b. | the tragedy of the commons. |
c. | resource mobilization theory. |
d. | community policing. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
35. An office has a “coffee fund,” which is an old coffee can where people can toss change any time they pour a cup of coffee. The fund can be used to buy coffee and supplies for the office when more is needed. However, one individual always takes coffee and never puts any money in the fund, which makes him a
a. | dilemma. |
b. | resource mobilizer. |
c. | free rider. |
d. | prisoner. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Applying
36. The examples of Isla Vista, CA, and Baltimore, MD, from your textbook highlight how collective behavior can evolve into
a. | social dilemmas. |
b. | mass behavior. |
c. | social movements. |
d. | riots. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
37. A situation in which behavior that is rational for the individual, but when practiced by many people can lead to collective disaster, is known as
a. | a social movement. |
b. | mass behavior. |
c. | a social dilemma. |
d. | a riot. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
38. An individual uses more public resources for their own gain because they worry that others will do the same and the resources will soon run out. This is an example of which sociological concept?
a. | tragedy of the commons |
b. | public goods dilemma |
c. | mass society theory |
d. | relative deprivation theory |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
39. An individual contributes to National Public Radio (NPR) even though they do not listen to it every day and know that other people who do listen to it every day do not contribute. This is an example of what sociological concept?
a. | public goods dilemma |
b. | tragedy of the commons |
c. | mass society theory |
d. | relative deprivation theory |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
40. The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Nazism, birth control, and Protestantism all
a. | began in the twentieth century. |
b. | are the products of social movements. |
c. | have had a negative effect on society. |
d. | are the products of a single charismatic leader. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Analyzing
41. When African Americans joined protest movements because it was harder for them to vote than it was for white Americans, they were acting out of ________.
a. | contentedness |
b. | relative mobility |
c. | relative deprivation |
d. | deprived rationality |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
42. We would call a group that is organizing to change cultural “codes” related to substance addiction
a. | a crowd. |
b. | a social movement. |
c. | a riot. |
d. | a protest. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
43. The Shriners are a fraternity based on the Masonic principles of brotherly love, relief, and truth. They have roughly 375,000 members and 191 temples in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Shriners support Shriners Hospitals for Children, which is a system of twenty-two hospitals dedicated to improving the lives of children by providing specialty pediatric care. What prohibits the Shriners from being a social movement?
a. | It is hard to imagine membership in the Shriners transforming anyone’s life. |
b. | They are not dedicated enough to their work. |
c. | They do not seek to alter the status quo. |
d. | They do not have an ideological commitment. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Analyzing
44. Sometimes the motivations for large protests organized by college activists are criticized. Highly organized and attended protests in Washington, D.C. are seen as “spring break” for activists who take part more for an escape and a sense of belonging than for anything else. What theory would support this critique?
a. | public goods theory |
b. | postmodernism |
c. | the global village theory |
d. | mass society theory |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
45. What are you asserting if you theorize that poor people join groups dedicated to keeping toxic waste dumps out of low-income communities because they want to enjoy the same standard of living and quality of life as the rest of society?
a. | structural functionalism |
b. | relative deprivation theory |
c. | mass society theory |
d. | resource mobilization theory |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
46. African Americans gained the legal right to exercise their right to vote
a. | with the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. |
b. | shortly after the Civil War. |
c. | with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1919. |
d. | with the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
47. Sociologists who focus on how practical constraints and opportunities can help or hinder a social movement are using
a. | relative deprivation theory. |
b. | resource mobilization theory. |
c. | technological determinism. |
d. | activist politics. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
48. Activists are engaging in ________ when they begin to amass the things they need to sustain their movement, including volunteers, money, and office space.
a. | resource mobilization |
b. | bureaucratization |
c. | individual behavior |
d. | coalescence |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
49. For many years, there have been efforts to organize teaching assistants on college campuses and form a union. These efforts often fail because of practical reasons, such as limited numbers of volunteers, the fact that leaders graduate and leave, and organizers’ limited money for supplies. What theory is MOST associated with these reasons?
a. | resource mobilization |
b. | relative deprivation |
c. | mass society |
d. | technological diffusion |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
50. MoveOn.org was one of the first groups to successfully organize a large number of people around issues like partisan bickering and the power of corporate lobbies in Washington. This was, in large part, because it used innovative technology to locate, recruit, and organize supporters. This is exactly what ________ theory would predict.
a. | mass society |
b. | relative deprivation |
c. | emergent social movement |
d. | resource mobilization |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Analyzing
51. According to Armand Mauss, what happens in the “incipient” stage of a social movement?
a. | The social movement begins to fade away. |
b. | The very bureaucracies and institutions that it initially challenged absorb the movement. |
c. | The public just begins to take notice of an issue and define it as a problem. |
d. | Members of the social movement begin to organize and select leaders. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
52. A social movement’s long-term development can sometimes look a lot like
a. | revolution. |
b. | failure. |
c. | social transformation. |
d. | reform. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
53. According to Armand Mauss, what happens in the second stage of a social movement’s development?
a. | The social movement becomes incorporated into institutions. |
b. | The social movement turns into a bureaucracy. |
c. | The social movement declines and disappears from view. |
d. | Like-minded individuals organize. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
54. Many individuals began to see the growth of federal prison populations as a problem in the 1990s. What were they a part of first, though they would later form groups to protest the policies that imprisoned so many?
a. | a fad or fashion |
b. | cultural lag |
c. | the incipient stage of a social movement |
d. | the bureaucratized stage of a social movement |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
55. People who believe the government is not doing enough about climate change have become fed up and are starting to organize, which means they are starting to
a. | achieve their goals. |
b. | become part of the mainstream. |
c. | take notice of a situation, but refuse to define it as a problem. |
d. | coalesce. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
56. The “decline” phase of social movements is interesting because
a. | after a movement declines, it always perishes. |
b. | after a movement declines, it is possible that the movement changes and continues. |
c. | the coalescence phase comes right afterward. |
d. | social movements always decline quickly after they begin. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
57. Which of the following is true regarding social movements reaching the “bureaucratization” stage?
a. | It always happens at the beginning. |
b. | It has not yet happened for the gay rights movement. |
c. | It happened when American colonists transitioned from being revolutionaries to the official government leaders. |
d. | It happened for the environmental rights movement with the release of the film An Inconvenient Truth. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
58. A major achievement of social movements geared toward increasing employment equality for minorities and women has been the widespread adoption of equal employment officers in many large organizations. When they achieved this stage, the social movements could be said to have
a. | succeeded. |
b. | failed. |
c. | coalesced, |
d. | bureaucratized. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Analyzing
59. ________ was the historical event that convinced American scholars that not all social movements can be explained in terms of simply satisfying the psychological needs of their members.
a. | The civil rights movement |
b. | Protestantism |
c. | McCarthyism |
d. | The rise of Nazi Germany |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
60. According to relative deprivation theory, people join social movements because
a. | they are filling a psychological need to belong to something. |
b. | social movements are a necessary part of a system of social stratification. |
c. | joining a social movement is a rational response to inequality or oppression. |
d. | social movements are good places to meet people and network. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
61. To what extent do the poorest members of American society participate in social movements?
a. | more than any other class |
b. | in about equal numbers as other class groups |
c. | more than members of the upper class, but less than members of the middle class |
d. | less than any other class |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
62. What is one reason the poor might participate less in social movements compared to college students with adequate financial support?
a. | Social issues do not matter to the poor. |
b. | The poor have a different culture, leading them to value different things. |
c. | They worry more about their children’s futures. |
d. | They may have to work multiple jobs, leaving little energy for activism. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
63. Which of the following people would be MOST likely to join a social movement?
a. | a young woman who attends college and is involved in campus government and volunteers for local and state political campaigns |
b. | a disaffected loner taking lots of math classes but without a real social life or a good outlet for forming relationships |
c. | a young man from the lower class who gets a job in a campus cafeteria and notices how well off the students he serves are |
d. | a single mother who works nights as a stocker at a grocery store and has relatives both in the Deep South and on the West Coast |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Analyzing
64. On average, participants in social movements are
a. | more marginal and more isolated than nonparticipants. |
b. | more socially engaged than nonparticipants. |
c. | less oriented toward conventional politics. |
d. | more alienated from society than nonparticipants. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
65. If a social movement works to resist some kind of social change or even to shift backward to earlier forms of social order, it is
a. | progressive. |
b. | cosmopolitan. |
c. | resistant. |
d. | regressive. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
66. The World Church of the Creator, founded by Matt Hale, wants to stop both religious and racial integration of America. This makes his movement a
a. | tragedy of the commons. |
b. | postmodern movement. |
c. | voluntary simplicity movement. |
d. | regressive social movement. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
67. Regressive or reactionary social movements are always
a. | the most common type of social movement. |
b. | motivated by prejudice or hate. |
c. | working to make sure things stay the same or even turn them back to an earlier point in history. |
d. | motivated by a desire to protect the environment. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Remembering
68. “Buy Nothing Day” might best be described as a ________ social movement.
a. | regressive |
b. | progressive |
c. | conservative |
d. | radical |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
69. The Promise Keepers are a Christian men’s organization that seeks to train men to be better fathers and husbands. They also work to preserve what they call “traditional” family values, which includes men being the head of the household and men making decisions for their wives and children. In this way, the Promise Keepers are
a. | secular. |
b. | regressive. |
c. | bureaucratic. |
d. | coalescing. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Applying
70. Many sociology majors enter what are termed _______ professions, which can be agents of social change.
a. | contributing |
b. | helping |
c. | social |
d. | positive |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements | InQuizitive
MSC: Remembering
71. In the early twentieth century, some social activists stood against continued immigration to the United States from eastern and southern Europe. What type of social movement does this example represent?
a. | progressive |
b. | retrogressive |
c. | pregressive |
d. | regressive |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
72. Activists supporting the LGBTQ rights social movement in the United States secured a repeal of the “Don’t ask, don’t tell” law in 2010 and a Supreme Court ruling in favor of same-sex marriages in 2015. What type of social movement does this example represent?
a. | regressive |
b. | progressive |
c. | retrogressive |
d. | pregressive |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
73. Modern technology has made it possible for individuals who work in traditionally urban jobs, such as stockbrokers, to live in rural areas. What concept is this an example of?
a. | rural rebound |
b. | urban boomerang |
c. | city-to-country exchange |
d. | rural flight |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements | InQuizitive
MSC: Applying
74. Dr. Williams is studying the “Indivisible” opposition to Trump that spread through social media. He believes that coverage from high profile celebrities and recruitment through catchy hashtags on Facebook and Twitter were critical to the movement’s success. What theoretical perspective is Dr. Williams espousing?
a. | mass society theory |
b. | relative deprivation theory |
c. | resource mobilization theory |
d. | contagion theory |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements | InQuizitive
MSC: Analyzing
75. What theoretical perspective argues that technology plays a defining role in shaping society?
a. | technological determinism |
b. | symbolic interactionism |
c. | structural functionalism |
d. | idealism |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
76. Hero of Alexander, a mathematician who lived in Rome, invented a steam engine in the first century CE. What does this say about William Ogburn’s theory of technological determinism?
a. | It strongly supports the theory. |
b. | It suggests that ancient Rome was less advanced than was previously suspected. |
c. | It demonstrates the ways in which technology always changes society. |
d. | It suggests that technological determinism cannot always explain social change. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Analyzing
77. The use of in vitro fertilization solved a specific problem, but it seems to have created a wide range of ethical dilemmas and problems that were unanticipated when it was first invented. This is an instance of
a. | cultural leveling. |
b. | cultural imperialism. |
c. | dystopia. |
d. | cultural lag. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
78. Many young people face an unprecedented problem today, which is what to do when their parents try to friend them on a social media platform such as Instagram. Technology has given us unprecedented ways to document our lives online, but some are not quite sure how to share this new development with older generations. What is this problem called?
a. | technological determinism |
b. | cultural imperialism |
c. | regressive social change |
d. | cultural lag |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
79. How did Marshall McLuhan believe that the world would turn into a “global village”?
a. | Television and other media technology would link people all over the world. |
b. | Cultural imperialism would lead to greater homogenization. |
c. | Improvements in transportation technology would make tourism cheaper. |
d. | Mass production would ensure that people all over the world were using the same products. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
80. The English Premier League broadcasts its games to hundreds of millions of households in more than 200 countries and is reportedly watched by more than a billion people each week. This is what Marshall McLuhan would call
a. | a social movement. |
b. | a global village. |
c. | television. |
d. | faith in technology. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
81. The dissemination of beliefs and practices from one cultural group to another is called
a. | cultural diffusion. |
b. | cultural leveling. |
c. | cultural lag. |
d. | culture shock. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
82. The process by which social structures and institutions become global rather than national is called
a. | globalization. |
b. | homogenization. |
c. | cultural diffusion. |
d. | postmodernism. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
83. In what sense is it now possible for a country to be “occupied” by an invisible invader that arrives through airwaves and wireless networks?
a. | Spy satellites and other communications technology are increasingly advanced. |
b. | The U.S. government can eavesdrop on almost any form of modern communication. |
c. | Global positioning systems have allowed detailed mapping of previously inaccessible places. |
d. | It is almost impossible to block foreign countries’ satellite broadcasts and Internet transmissions. |
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
84. What is the process called by which societies lose their particular uniqueness and start to resemble one another?
a. | cultural lag |
b. | research mobilization |
c. | cultural leveling |
d. | cultural imperialism |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
85. Bhutan’s attempt to achieve Gross National Happiness, rather than a higher gross national product, reflects its desire to
a. | adopt what it believes the “West” does correctly while rejecting consumerism. |
b. | provide more material goods for all of its citizens. |
c. | increase foreign investment. |
d. | lure more tourists to the scenic mountain nation. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding
86. In what way has Bhutan resisted the forces of globalization?
a. | Shopping is only allowed between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. |
b. | The country has no electricity. |
c. | Internet merchants are banned. |
d. | There are no chain stores in the capital city. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
87. How is it possible for you go to Indonesia on vacation and have a conversation with your cab driver about your favorite television program?
a. | cultural diffusion |
b. | technological determinism |
c. | cultural lag |
d. | contagion theory |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
88. Increasingly, people in every nation came to watch more of the same movies during the second half of the twentieth century. What would your textbook call this phenomenon?
a. | a fad |
b. | an incipient social movement |
c. | primitivism |
d. | cultural leveling |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
89. What is it called when there is uneven distribution of technology between different parts of a society or different parts of the world?
a. | the digital divide |
b. | technological determinism |
c. | postmodern technology |
d. | technological qualification |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
90. The decline of traditional communities, an increase in individual autonomy and diverse thinking, and a strong belief in the power of science and technology to improve the world are typical of
a. | the less-developed world. |
b. | modernity. |
c. | postmodernity. |
d. | traditional societies. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding
91. Focusing on ideas and cultural debates rather than on material things as well as questioning the achievements of science and technology are both characteristic features of
a. | modernity. |
b. | social change. |
c. | postmodernity. |
d. | reactionary social movements. |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding
92. The Information Revolution is transforming Western society from
a. | traditional to modern. |
b. | traditional to postmodern. |
c. | modern to postmodern. |
d. | postmodern to modern. |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Remembering
93. The political theorist Benjamin Barber argues that exported American movies are not just mindless entertainment because they “sell” what might be considered “American values and ideals” to the world. What term or concept could describe these exports?
a. | postmodernity |
b. | cultural lag |
c. | technological determinism |
d. | cultural imperialism |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
94. Many individuals have noticed that the U.S. economy seems increasingly focused on producing and managing information rather than on making things. What term or concept could describe this shift?
a. | postmodernism |
b. | technological determinism |
c. | emergent social movements |
d. | mass behavior |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
95. What would you expect an advertisement to be associated with if you saw that it used the phrase “better living through chemistry”?
a. | postmodernity |
b. | modernity |
c. | a social movement |
d. | a crowd |
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
96. What term characterizes postindustrial societies by including a focus on the production and management of information, and skepticism of science and technology?
a. | postaxial |
b. | postmodernity |
c. | posttechno |
d. | posthumous |
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change | InQuizitive
MSC: Understanding
TRUE/FALSE
1. Social change happens only at times of great upheaval like the French Revolution or the Civil War.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change?
MSC: Understanding
2. Fads often result in lasting social change.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
3. Not all social movements challenge the norms or values of the dominant culture.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
4. All successful social movements are eventually incorporated into institutions.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
5. Fast fashion has been created out of consumers’ desire to have the “same look” as soon as it becomes popular.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Understanding
6. Contagion theory is one of the earliest theories developed to study collective action.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior
MSC: Remembering
7. The trend that the poorest and most oppressed individuals tend not to participate in social movements is exemplified in Cesar Chavez’s unsuccessful attempt to organized migrant farmer workers.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
8. Gerrymandering involves the redrawing of voting district borders by the officials in power to benefit a political party.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
9. Gerrymandering is an illegal tactic used only by Democrats to disenfranchise members of the Republican Party and the demographic groups associated with it.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
10. Regressive movements that resist social changes and attempt to have things stay the same or move backward are always motivated by prejudice or hatred of diversity.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements
MSC: Understanding
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is the definition of social change?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change? MSC: Remembering
2. List the three ways in which social change occurs.
DIF: Easy REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change? MSC: Remembering
3. Which theory suggests that people get irrationally swept up in crowd behavior when they come together in crowds?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Applying
4. What three forms does collective behavior generally take?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Remembering
5. What is a person called who needs a blood transfusion, but has never given blood?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Applying
6. The continuing need for blood in blood banks is an example of what kind of social dilemma?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Applying
7. What are the two classes of social dilemmas?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Remembering
8. Which theory explains why members of oppressed groups join a social movement for greater equality of a society’s resources?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Applying
9. List Armand Mauss’s four stages of a social movement.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Remembering
10. The slow food movement is an example of what kind of social movement?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Applying
11. What are the two types of gerrymandering called?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Remembering
12. In what state has gerrymandering been most challenged, which has resulted in the practice being addressed in the courts?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Remembering
13. “Western” beauty standards have been increasingly influencing and ultimately changing many cultures that once had a different perception of beauty. Of what is this an example?
DIF: Easy REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Applying
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast the way Marshall McLuhan, associated with “the global village,” and Garret Hardin, associated with “the tragedy of the commons,” thought about social change.
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.1 What Is Social Change? MSC: Analyzing
2. People tend to act differently in groups than they do alone. Describe the two sociological theories presented in Chapter 16 that explain why individual behavior might change in a crowd.
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Understanding
3. How are the features of mass behavior (fads, fashions, and social dilemmas) different and how are they similar?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Understanding
4. What are the two different classes of social dilemmas? Identify them and describe how each works.
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.2 Collective Behavior MSC: Understanding
5. Why do people join social movements? Compare competing theories and discuss the assumptions behind them.
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Understanding
6. Describe the stages of a social movement with an emphasis on how a social movement ends.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Understanding
7. Explain the difference between social movements organized around regressive and progressive social change. Give an example of each.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Applying
8. In late 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a young Tunisian street vendor, set himself on fire and died in an act of defiance and desperation after local authorities confiscated his stall and publicly humiliated him. At the time, Bouazizi’s situation struck a chord with other young Tunisians suffering from autocratic rule, a poor economic situation, and a lack of opportunity. Bouazizi’s plight received wider attention in early 2011 when a video of him went viral on Facebook, YouTube, and other social networking sites. Millions of people around the world soon began to notice and get involved. This spawned a social movement for democracy in Tunisia, Egypt, and eventually the Arab world, ending with the overthrowing of several dictatorships. How do Mauss’s social movement stages help us understand the development of this social movement?
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.3 Social Movements MSC: Applying
9. What is cultural imperialism? Give a real-life example of how it occurs.
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding
10. Chapter 16 argues that modern society is transforming to a postmodern society. Compare the features of modernity with postmodernity.
DIF: Difficult REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding
11. Marshall McLuhan believed that, in the future, the world would be less fragmented into different societies and become more of a “global village.” What did he mean by a global village, and why did he think it would form?
DIF: Moderate REF: 16.4 Technology and Social Change
MSC: Understanding