Social Behavior Chapter 17 2nd Edition Test Bank Docx

Multiple Choice

1. The phenomenon of temporal discounting is best illustrated in which example?
   1. Someone prefers the choice of receiving one pizza now, rather than receiving three pizzas a week from now
   2. Someone who prefers the choice of receiving three pizzas a week from now than receiving one pizza now
   3. Someone who equally happy with one pizza now or three hamburgers now
   4. Someone whose choice of pizza vs. hamburger is influenced by whether or not a peer is watching them make the decision
2. Which of the following is not associated with damage to the vmPFC?
   1. Poor decision making
   2. Problems controlling emotion
   3. Lack of empathy
   4. Difficulty inhibiting actions
3. If you are playing doubles tennis with someone, what error signal below are you most likely to generate if the ball is hit toward your partner and they watch it bounce past without attempting to swing at it?
   1. Reward prediction error
   2. Action prediction error
   3. Observational outcome prediction error
4. Reward prediction error signals are associated with phasic responses in
   1. Nucleus accumbens
   2. Dorsolateral PFC
   3. Ventromedial PFC
5. Action prediction error signals are associated with phasic responses in
   1. Nucleus accumbens
   2. Dorsolateral PFC
   3. Ventromedial PFC
6. A positive observational-outcome prediction error signal is generated in _______ when viewing another person lose.
   1. Nucleus accumbens
   2. Dorsolateral PFC
   3. Ventromedial PFC
7. A negative observational-outcome prediction error signal is generated in _______ when viewing another person lose.
   1. Nucleus accumbens
   2. Dorsolateral PFC
   3. Ventromedial PFC

Short Answer / Fill-in-the-blank

1. TMS to which brain region might be expected to affect performance on a moral judgment task?
2. What type of analysis would combine the results from multiple studies into a single analysis of the results from those studies?
3. The behavioral variant of frontal-temporal dementia is associated with brain damage to what two brain regions?
4. What are the two representational steps of Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning?
5. What is mentalizing?

Essay / Longer Answer

1. Describe three behavioral changes that came about as a result of Phineas Gage's accident.
2. Why is it that, somewhat paradoxically, it has been suggested that Phineas Gage was “lucky” that the path of the tamping iron through his brain was as it was, rather than destroying an equal amount of tissue elsewhere in the brain?
3. What are some of the behavioral tendencies of psychopaths? Which brain areas and connections differ in people with psychopathy relative to those without it?
4. What is some evidence that the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is specialized for theory of mind mentalizing? What evidence has been generated that challenges this claim?
5. Give an example of a false-belief story. What brain regions have been implicated in understanding a false belief?
6. Describe the difference between online versus offline procedures for administering transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
7. What factor(s) should be taken into account when comparing the overlap of fMRI activation maps associated with two tasks or conditions?
8. What is model-based fMRI? How does it differ from other approaches to the analysis of fMRI data?
9. Describe the difference between observational and experiential learning.
10. Describe the difference between reward prediction errors, action prediction errors, and observed-outcome prediction errors.
11. What factor elicits differential neural responses when autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients and neurotypical subjects consider a scenario in which one person gets harmed by another?
12. Describe a task that should tap into the construct of theory of mind mentalizing.
13. Give an example of a study that might use an online TMS protocol to study moral judgments. Now modify it to be done with an offline protocol.