Emotion Complete Test Bank Ch.18

Multiple Choice

1. What neural changes accompany the meditation-related improvement of performance on the attentional blink task?
   1. An increase in gamma-band power in the EEG
   2. A decrease in gamma-band power in the EEG
   3. An increase in the P3b component of the ERP
   4. A decrease in the P3b component of the ERP
2. Failures of emotional control have been linked to each of the following disorders EXCEPT?
   1. Post-traumatic stress disorder
   2. Major depressive disorder
   3. Generalized anxiety disorder
   4. The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia
3. After the acquisition of conditioned fear, inactivation of infralimbic (IL) cortex in the rodent has which influence of subsequent extinction learning?
   1. Interferes with learning of new CS-neutral association on Day 1 of extinction learning
   2. Interferes with retrieval of newer CS-neutral association on Day 2 of extinction learning
   3. Reduces expression of conditioned fear
4. Neurons in prelimbic (PL) cortex in the rodent show what pattern of activity during the acquisition or extinction of conditioned fear?
   1. Selective responding to the CS prior to the initiation of fear conditioning.
   2. Selective responding to the CS after acquisition of conditioned fear.
   3. Selective responding to the CS during retrieval of the newer CS-neutral memory on day 2 of extinction.
5. Which of the following is correct?
   1. Prelimbic (PL) cortex in the rodent is homologous to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the human, and infralimbic (IL) cortex in the rodent is homologous to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the human.
   2. Prelimbic (PL) cortex in the rodent is homologous to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the human, and infralimbic (IL) cortex in the rodent is homologous to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the human.
6. Activity in which region is associated with greater emotion misattribution effects?
   1. Amygdala.
   2. Dorsolateral PFC
   3. Dorsomedial PFC

Short Answer / Fill-in-the-blank

1. The circuit processing conditioned fear includes the lateral nucleus (LA) projecting to the _____ nucleus, while the circuit processing avoidance learning includes the LA projecting to the _____ nucleus.
2. In the classic fear-conditioning paradigm in rats, a footshock is paired with a tone. In this paradigm, the footshock serves as the _____ stimulus and the tone the _____ stimulus. The animal’s behavioral reaction to the footshock is the _____ response.
3. Damage to which nucleus of the amygdala will disrupt fear conditioning?
4. According to Davidson and colleagues, the left PFC is associated with _____ behavior, and the right with _____ behavior. Following from this, they associate elevated activity in which hemisphere of the PFC with positive emotion?
5. Release of what neurotransmitter has been associated with the amygdalar influence on long-term memory formation?

Essay / Longer Answer

1. Describe the implicit association test (IAT). What is it thought to measure?
2. What is the difference between conditioned fear and avoidance learning?
3. How does the administration of propranolol (a “beta blocker” drug) influence how people react to and remember an emotional story?
4. Describe some evidence indicating that the principle function of the amygdala is vigilance.
5. What role does the vmPFC play in fear extinction?
6. Describe two broad theories of what “emotion” is. (Hint, one is biological/evolutionary, the other psychological.)
7. Name some good and bad aspects of emotion regulation.
8. What evidence is there that the amygdala is involved in emotional appraisal in addition to emotional memory formation?
9. What causes Klüver-Bucy syndrome? Name three symptoms associated with this disorder.
10. What evidence is there that the amygdala may not be necessary for the conscious experience of emotion?
11. Why might damage to the left frontal cortex lead to an increase in depression?