Chapter 21: How to Prepare a Research Report and Use APA Style Guidelines

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Writing a research report requires ______.A. the use of jargon

B. eliminating redundancy

C. use of the third person

D. exclusive use of the passive voice

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: General Principles Related to Writing the Research Report (I)

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The guidelines that should be used when writing a research report that will be free of demeaning attitudes and biased assumptions include all of the following EXCEPT ______A. avoiding labeling people when possible

B. use traditional labels for a group of people even when the group currently prefers a different label

C. being sensitive to labels

D. acknowledging participation

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Language (I.1)

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of the following statements about formatting quotations in APA style is correct?

A. A quotation of fewer than 40 words is inserted into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.

B. A quotation of 40 or more words is displayed in a freestanding block of lines with quotation marks and indented about a half inch and started on a new line.

C. Quotation marks are never needed; all one needs to do is to cite the source of the information.

D. a quotation of 40 or more words is displayed in a free-standing block of lines with quotation marks with no indentation and started on a new line

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quotation (I.2E)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to APA style (i.e., when writing a research report), which of the following is the correct way to identify sexual orientation?

A. Sexual preference is preferred to sexual orientation regardless of the specific identity.

B. Homosexual is always better than more specific terms such as gay men, bisexual men, lesbians, and bisexual women.

C. The following terms are considered acceptable: gay men, bisexual men, lesbians, and bisexual women.

D. You should never identify sexual orientation in a study.

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Editorial style specifies that ______ should be used infrequently or sparingly.

A. punctuation

B. abbreviations

C. headings

D. numbers

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Abbreviations (I.2C)

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. According to APA style, which of the following is/are true about abbreviations in your research report?

A. You should abbreviate days of the week

B. Latin abbreviations can only be used outside of parentheses

C. Only use abbreviations when they are conventional and are likely to be familiar to the reader or when you can save considerable space and avoid cumbersome repetition.

D. The only abbreviations you should use are those that are accepted as words.

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Abbreviations (I.2C)

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following is correct in APA style?

A. Insert quotations of greater than 40 words into the text and enclose in double quotation marks

B. Space twice after the end of a sentence.

C. State all physical measurements in nonmetric units.

D. Do not use a comma before “and” in a series.

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Punctuation (I.2A), Quotation (I.2E), Physical Measurements (I.2G)

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following is correct in APA style?

A. Insert quotations of less than 75 words into the text and enclose in double quotation marks.

B. Use words to express numbers that begin a sentence as well as any number below 10, and use numerals to express other numbers except in special cases described in the manual.

C. State all physical measurements in the standard U.S. system, rather than in metric units.

D. Never use the abbreviation et al. in text, it only should be used in the reference list.

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quotation (I.2E) | Numbers (I.2F) | Physical Measurements (I.2G) | Abbreviations (I.2C)

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. When referencing other works that you have cited in the text of your report, you should ______A. state the first and last name of the author

B. use the author-date citation method, for example (Christensen, 1972)

C. use an asterisk and a footnote

D. insert the full citation in parenthesis

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reference Citations in the Text (I.2I)

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The first author’s surname, et al., and the year of publication are part of the initial reference to an article in a text when there are how many authors?

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: s(I.2I)

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. The title page of a research article should contain all of the following EXCEPT ______A. brief summary of the research problem

B. running head

C. author's name

D. institutional affiliation of the author(s)

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Title Page (II.1)

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The method section includes all of the following EXCEPT ______A. participants

B. apparatus or instruments

C. results

D. procedure

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Method (II.4)

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The results section includes all of the following EXCEPT ______A. a presentation of how the data are analyzed along with the results of the analysis

B. a lengthy discussion of the analyzed data

C. a statement of the alpha level used for determining statistical significance

D. a report of the actual probability value of the computed test statistic

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The discussion section of a quantitative research report should include a discussion of ______.A. how the data were analyzed

B. a presentation of all results including the results that were not statistically or practically important

C. your interpretation of the results, including their relationship to other research findings found in the published literature

D. the reasons for using the selected alpha level

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Discussion (II.6)

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Author notes should include all of the following EXCEPT ______A. departmental affiliation of the author(s)

B. acknowledgement of any financial support for conducting the study such as a grant

C. how to contact the author

D. information needed to supplement or amplify the text of the research report

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Title Page (II.1)

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. For qualitative research reports, ______.A. there currently is no completely agreed upon standard format for reporting research results

B. you should avoid all headings specified by the APA

C. you should follow the Chicago Manual of Style

D. you should make the method section very brief

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. It is viewed very positively when qualitative researchers use what in their reports?

A. active voice

B. passive voice

C. descriptions of participants that reveal their identities

D. write narrative reports without different subsections.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. In qualitative research reports, the introduction usually includes all of the following EXCEPT ______A. a statement of a deductively derived research hypothesis

B. the purpose of the research

C. a statement of the research question in a relatively open-ended and general form

D. a summary of the research literature relevant to the study

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. The method section of a qualitative research report ______A. is very different from the method section of a quantitative study

B. includes the researcher’s reflections on the process

C. does not address reliability nor validity

D. does not include a description of the participants

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports.

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The data that are used in a qualitative research report to support arguments and interpretations would probably include ______A. the results of statistical analysis

B. quotes, descriptions of various scenes, and descriptions of a setting

C. effect size analysis

D. that results of closed-ended attitude and opinion surveys

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. When writing a mixed research report’s results section, ______.

A. the qualitative data are addressed first

B. the quantitative data are addressed first

C. all field notes are included

D. there is not a specified format

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Which of the following is an acceptable first time text citation according to APA style?

A. smith found that . . .

B. it has been demonstrated (Smith) (1999) that . . .

C. the life expectancy is increasing in the United States (Smith, 1999)

D. other researchers (Smith, Jones, White, Taylor, Main, Walker, Downs, & Greene, 1999) found . . .

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reference Citations in the Text (I.2I)

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Which of the following references is correct?

A. Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

B. Johnson, R. B., & L. B. Christensen (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, MA.

C. Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.

D. Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. B. (2011). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: References

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. The list of all citations in the text of the manuscript is called which of the following according to APA style?

A. bibliography

B. references

C. citations

D. sources

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: References

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Writing a good research report requires a smoothness and economy of expression. If you have accomplished the goal of economy of expression, you have been frugal with the words used in the report. This frugality means that you have ______.

A. used redundancy to emphasize your hypotheses

B. included complex verbal descriptions of the phenomena you have studied

C. relied on highly technical professional language

D. said things clearly without being wordy or obtuse

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: General Principles Related to Writing the Research Report (I)

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. According to APA, which of the following phrases is appropriate?

A. bedridden people

B. mentally retarded

C. person with an intellectual disability

D. crippled person

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which is a “level 1” heading according to APA style?

A. centered, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

B. flush left, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

C. indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

D. indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. An APA style “level 2” heading is ______.

A. centered, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

B. flush left, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

C. indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

D. indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. An APA style “level 3” heading is ______.

A. indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

B. flush left, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

C. indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

D. indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. An APA style “level 4” heading is ______.

A. flush left, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

B. indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

C. indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

D. indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. An APA style “level 5” heading is ______.

A. centered, boldface, uppercase, and lowercase heading

B. indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

C. indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

D. indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending in a period

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. To overcome the problem of content on the Internet being moved or deleted resulting in nonworking URLs, international publishers have developed the ______ system to provide a stable means of identifying information in digital networks.

A. digital URL

B. dedicated server (DS)

C. international digital (Id)

D. digital object identifier (DOI)

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reference List (I.3)

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The introduction section of the research report should include a statement of the ______.A. specific problem being investigated in the context of prior research

B. the results of hypothesis tests

C. problem being investigated and a brief description of the way the data will be analyzed

D. findings of the research project and what they mean in terms of previous research.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction (II.3)

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. In quantitative research, it is often useful to state your level of significance, like this: “The .05 alpha level was used for all statistical tests.” This statement goes in the ______ section.

A. results

B. discussion

C. introduction

D. footnote

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. According to APA, tables should have all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. a brief and explanatory title

B. vertical lines

C. a column heading for each column

D. a dash to indicate missing data

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tables (II.9)

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Which of the following would be used when reporting results in a qualitative research report?

A. quotes from the research participants

B. tables summarizing statistical analysis of the data gathered

C. the results of administering psychological tests to the research participants

D. probability values

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Charts, graphs, and drawings go in ______.

A. either a table or a figure

B. a table

C. a figure

D. a graphic

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Figures (II.10)

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. What is the researcher’s responsibility when referring to a person who belongs to and/or identifies as part of a group, such as racial/ethnic, sexual orientation, and persons with disabilities?

A. always use the practice that has historically been most commonly used so that everyone reading your report will know who you are talking about

B. try your best to use the label that your participants prefer

C. use any approach that you like and do not let “political correctness” arguments persuade you to do otherwise

D. use as many labels as possible

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. Which of the following is true regarding footnotes, according to APA guidelines?

A. Most footnotes are content footnotes needed to supplement or amplify the information provided in the text.

B. Footnotes can be used to acknowledge copyright permission.

C. Footnotes should generally be used when they strengthen a discussion because otherwise they can be distracting.

D. APA does not recognize the use of footnotes.

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Footnotes (II.8)

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Why would a researcher choose to include a figure in a manuscript?

A. When it is an efficient way to present information and communicates the researcher’s claim more clearly than a table.

B. When you want to report an ANOVA Summary Table like the ones found in your SPSS printout.

C. Figures are not allowed according to APA style recommendations because they are too expensive to produce in publications.

D. When the information can be presented more simply, efficiently, and clearly in the text.

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Figures (II.10)

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. According to APA, when including tables in a manuscript you ______.A. must include a reference to table in text

B. name each table using the format “Table ______” and then add a capital letter after “Table”

C. name each table using the format “Table ______” and then adding a Roman numeral after “Table”

D. repeat the information in the table in the text so the reader can read it in both places

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tables (II.9)

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. According to APA, the length of abstract may vary by journal, but according to the text, what range of words is most typical?

A. 50–100 words

B. 100–150 words

C. 150–250 words

D. 300–400 words

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Abstract (II.2)

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. To avoid sexism when writing using APA style, you should ______.A. not use any pronouns at all

B. only have participants of one gender in your study

C. use plural nouns that do not indicate a gender

D. include a sexist language disclosure at the beginning

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Individuals between the ages of 13 and 17 should be referred to as ______.A. boys and girls

B. male or female adolescents

C. men and women

D. males and females

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Hard

45. The title of an APA style research report should ______.

A. be 12 or fewer words

B. be at the top of the title page of the report

C. exclude the theoretical basis of the study

D. be typed in all uppercase letters

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Title Page (II.1)

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. In APA style, you use the first author’s last name and “et al.” ______.A. every time there are more than five authors in text

B. the second and all subsequent citations when there are two or more authors

C. in text and on the reference list

D. only in the abstract to save space

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reference Citations in the Text (I.2I)

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. A running head is ______.A. the same as the paper’s title

B. typed in all lowercase letters on the title page

C. is on all pages of the manuscript

D. identifies the section of the paper on the page

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Title Page (II.1)

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. In the Results section, tables are preferred to figures for presenting information on ______.A. interaction effects

B. main effects

C. participants’ demographics

D. simple frequency data

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tables (II.9)

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. In a mixed methods study where the same research questions are addressed by quantitative and qualitative data, how is it best to present the data?

A. Organize the results by methods of data collection: qualitative results and quantitative results each get reported separately without any integration.

B. Organize the results by research question--juxtaposing quantitative and qualitative data for each research question, followed by an integration of the results for each question.

C. Always present the quantitative data first followed by the qualitative data.

D. Present the qualitative data followed by the quantitative data. Then combine all of the qualitative data together and all of the quantitative data together.

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Hard

50. What element of reporting on results is unique to mixed research reports?

A. meta-inferences

B. statistical analysis

C. quotes and stories from participants

D. reporting of qualitative data

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The abstract should not exceed 120 words.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Abstract (II.2)

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The research report begins with the introduction section, but the label or heading for this section (i.e., the word Introduction) is not included in the manuscript.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction (II.3)

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The section heading “Method” is not labeled in the manuscript.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Method (II.4)

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The “Results” section starts on a separate page of the manuscript.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The “Discussion” section is not labeled in the manuscript.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Discussion (II.6)

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The “Results” section follows the “Method” section.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing an APA-Style Quantitative Research Report (II)

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The “Introduction” section specifies the purpose of the study, shows how it relates to prior work in the area, and identifies any hypotheses to be tested.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction (II.3)

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. According to the latest edition of the APA Manual, the use of the term “subjects” is acceptable.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. An integrative approach to the results must be included in the research reports of mixed research studies.

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. There are more subheadings in the Results section of quantitative research reports than the Results section of qualitative research reports.

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Pseudonyms for individuals are commonly used in qualitative research.

Learning Objective: 21-5: Explain how to write a qualitative research report.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The References section is essentially the same for quantitative and qualitative research reports.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Writing an APA-Style Quantitative Research Report (II) | Writing Qualitative Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The following set of headings is correct when you are using two levels of headings?
Method

Selection of Research Participants

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. The following set of headings is correct when you are using three levels of headings?

Experiment 1

Method

Selection of research participants.

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. The APA Manual recommends the frequent use of passive voice.

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: General Principles Related to Writing the Research Report (I)

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The APA Manual states that 12-point Times New Roman font is preferred in the preparation of manuscripts.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Typing (I.4)

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. One key APA rule states that a quotation of fewer than 40 words is inserted into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quotation (I.2E)

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Psychometric information about the instruments a researcher used is presented in the Results section.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Apparatus and/or Instruments

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Inferential tests need to be presented with the value of the test statistic, probability levels, and size and direction of the effect

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Researchers should begin Results section by stating whether the hypotheses were supported or not.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Discussion (II.6)

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Quotation marks are only needed for quotations that are more than 10 words.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quotation (I.2E)

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. In the results section, you should include descriptive statistical information to assist the reader in understanding the inferential statistics that are presented.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. If participants in your study were people who were aged 15 and 16, you could describe them as young men and young women.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. When writing, researchers should only use e.g. (for example) and i.e. (that is) in parentheses.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Abbreviations (I.2C)

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In all APA style manuscripts, there must be all five levels of headings.

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Headings (I.2D)

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. When reporting on statistical tests in the results section, you do not need to report the degrees of freedom because you must present sample sizes in the tables in the Results section.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Results (II.5)

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. In APA style manuscripts, there are 1ʺ margins on all four sides.

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Typing (I.4)

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. The Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion comprise the bulk of a quantitative research report. Describe the purpose of each of these sections within the research report.

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Writing an APA-Style Quantitative Research Report (II)

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Compare and contrast the research reports for quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research.

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Writing an APA-Style Quantitative Research Report (II) | Writing Qualitative Research Reports | Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Compare and contrast the material that should be included in Tables and Figures in APA-style research reports.

Learning Objective: 21-2: Describe the five levels of APA headings.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Tables (II.9) | Figures (II.10)

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Why is it important for researchers to be aware of APA style and its rules and to follow them when writing up their research findings?

Learning Objective: 21-1: Explain the different principles used in writing an APA-style research report (e.g., language, specificity, labels, etc.).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: General Principles Related to Writing the Research Report (I)

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How should researchers write about the individuals who participated in their studies according to APA?

Learning Objective: 21-3: List the seven sections of an APA-style quantitative research report and describe what goes in each section.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Participation (I.1C)

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Describe different approaches to writing up the Results section of a mixed research study. What are the features of the study that influence how the write-up should be organized?

Learning Objective: 21-6: Explain how to write a mixed methods research report, especially the Results section.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Writing Mixed Research Reports

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. As part of Chapter 21, there is an APA style research article that can be used to model APA style. How can such an article be used to help with APA style writing, formatting, and referencing? What advantages and limitations are there in using such an article to help figure out APA style for your own writing of a research report?

Learning Objective: 21-4: Explain how one might use the example of an APA-style manuscript provided in the chapter.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Example of an APA Style Manuscript

Difficulty Level: Hard