Research Ethics and Standards Exam Questions Ch2 - Social Research Methods 1e | Test Bank Bryman by Alan Bryman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 2: What Principles and Standards Guide Research? Research Ethics
Test Bank
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 1
1) The moral and professional standards that guide research decisions are known as
Page reference: Introduction
a. Research design
b. Nuremberg Code
c. Research ethics
d. Belmont report
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 2
2) Which of the following is not a reason that it is important to understand research ethics?
Page reference: Introduction
a. Seeking knowledge that will benefit everyone
b. Protecting research participants
c. Maintaining the integrity of the research project
d. Upholding the reputation of social sciences
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 3
3) Which of the following is the most important consideration when it comes to research ethics?
Page reference: Introduction
a. Seeking knowledge that will benefit everyone
b. Protecting research participants
c. Maintaining the integrity of the research project
d. Upholding the reputation of social sciences
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 4
4) A framework for collecting and analyzing data which outlines the researcher’s approach and goals is called
Page reference: Introduction
a. Research ethics
b. Research design
c. Confidentiality
d. Reactive effects
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 5
5) Guidelines for ethical research were first developed
Page reference: History of Research Ethics
a. After the details of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment were reported
b. When sociology first emerged as a field of study
c. After the Nuremberg Trials in 1946
d. In 1979 with the writing of the Belmont Report
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 6
6)
The participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Page reference: Methodology
a. Were told they were being treated when in reality they were not.
b. Were eventually given penicillin when it was found to treat syphilis
c. Were aware that they had syphilis
d. Were not targeted for the study because of their race.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 7
7) Which of the following is not one of the three main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report?
Page reference: Types of Understanding and Research
a. The Common Rule
b. Respect for Persons
c. Beneficence
d. Justice
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 8
8) Jane ensures that her research study maximized the benefits for her participants while reducing the risks they may encounter. Which of the three principles from the Belmont is Jane attending to?
Page reference: History of Research Ethics
a. Justice
b. Beneficence
c. Respect for Persons
d. Anonymity
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 9
9) Dr. Ferrentino’s study on the impact of training programs on unemployment only provides benefits to white participants, while African American participants do not experience the benefit. Which principle of the Belmont Report is being violated in this project?
Page reference: History of Research Ethics
a. Respect for Persons
b. Beneficence
c. Justice
d. Common Rule
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 10
10) The U.S. government outlined an official policy guiding ethical research in what year?
Page reference: Types of Understanding and Research
a. 1946
b. 1979
c. 1997
d. 1991
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 11
11) Which of the following is not a characteristic of an Institutional Review Board?
Page reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethics
a. Members are from a variety of disciplines
b. Boards include one member from outside of the institution
c. IRBs are typically at colleges and universities
d. Members must be social scientists
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 12
12) Dr. Leonard is designing a study that focuses on assessing her university’s orientation program. She does not plan to present or publish the findings, but will only use the information to improve the program at the institution. Does this research need to be reviewed by the IRB?
Page reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethics
a. Yes, it should undergo a full IRB review.
b. No, ethical standards do not apply.
c. She should still submit a proposal to the IRB but it is likely to be exempt.
d. Yes, all research must be reviewed by the IRB.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 13
13) Which research method is not mentioned as one that does not align well with IRB review?
Page reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethics
a. Experimental Research
b. Participatory Action Research
c. Postmodern methods
d. Ethnographic research
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 14
14) González-Lopez needed to consider all of the following factors in her study of family incest except
Page reference: Box 2.1
a. Her participants emotional well-being
b. Noticing and respecting boundaries
c. Ensuring the participants kept a signed copy of the informed consent
d. Offering resources
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 15
15) Potential research participants must be given the opportunity to agree to participate in the study, as well as be aware of what the research study entails as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This is known as
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Informed Consent
b. Confidentiality
c. Reactive effects
d. Reducing harm
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 16
16) Which of the following elements are typically not included in an informed consent?
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Assurance of anonymity
b. The risks and benefits involved in the study
c. The names and institutional affiliation of the researchers
d. A description of how the data will be stored
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 17
17) Which of the following groups would be competent to make an informed consent?
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Children under 18
b. A respondent who speaks a different language
c. College students
d. A respondent who is very ill
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 18
18) Parent/guardian permission is known as __________ and child/youth permission is called __________. __
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Consent; assent
b. Assent; consent
c. Consent; consent
d. Assent; assent
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 19
19) Which of the following could be viewed as coercing respondents to participate in a research study?
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Offering a participant $5.00 for participation
b. Letting the participant know the benefits of participation
c. Offering to pay parking costs while participating in the study
d. Offering a respondent $500 for participation
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 20
20) Reactive effects __________________________________________.
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Are unavoidable in social research
b. Are the impact on research participants of knowing they are being studied
c. Should always be mitigated by using deception.
d. Can be avoided with informed consent
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 21
21) Dr. Sanjay notices that when his research subjects enter the research space where they will be observed, their demeanor and behavior changes from talkative and friendly to quiet and passive. This is like the result of
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Confidentiality
b. Informed Consent
c. Reactive effects
d. Voluntary participation
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 22
22) Inductive research ________________.
Page reference: Deductive versus inductive reasoning
a. Begins with theory
b. Begins with data collection
c. Is not a method for acquiring knowledge
d. Moves from the general to the specific
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 23
23) Stanley Milgram’s research was focused on
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Sexual norms
b. Conformity
c. The effects of syphilis
d. Obedience to authority
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 24
24) What percentage of participants in Milgram’s study administered the strongest possible shock when they could not see the learners?
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. 15%
b. 62%
c. 80%
d. 32%
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 25
25) When participants are unaware that a study is taking place, this is known as
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Confidentiality
b. Reactive effects
c. Covert research
d. Qualitative research
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 26
26) Covert research would be the most necessary for studying which group?
Page reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
a. Pregnant women
b. Drug dealers
c. School-aged children
d. College presidents
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 27
27) Which of the following was not a point of controversy regarding Venkatesh’s research?
Page reference: Box 2.2
a. He did not tell all the participants that he was doing research.
b. He shared information he learned with other participants in the study.
c. He stretched the truth about his project, especially with a key informant.
d. He did not ensure anonymity for the participants.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 28
28) When participant’s identities are kept private and cannot be linked to an individual respondent, this is known as
Page reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
a. Anonymity
b. Confidentiality
c. Covert research
d. Informed Consent
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 29
29) When it is impossible for anyone, including the researcher, to link data to a particular respondent, this is known as
Page reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
a. Confidentiality
b. Covert Research
c. Anonymity
d. Reactive Effects
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 30
30) In quantitative research, respondents are typically identified by a ___________ whereas in qualitative research, a _________________may be used.
Page reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
a. Code number; pseudonym
b. Pseudonym; code number
c. Pseudonym; pseudonym
d. Code number; code number
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 31
31) Vidich and Bensman (1968) referred to the town they studied as “Springdale, New York” which is an example of a
Page reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
a. Code number
b. Pseudonym
c. Informed Consent
d. Anonymous report
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 32
32) Which is the following is not a reason that the people of “Springdale” were frustrated with the results of Vidich and Bensman’s study?
Page reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
a. Vidich and Bensman lied about what how they would present the results of their study.
b. Residents felt their town was misrepresented.
c. It was not difficult to identify the town, despite the use of the pseudonym.
d. Citizen’s in the book were easy to personally identify.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 33
33) Which of the following is not an ethical concern unique to quantitative research?
Page reference: Box 2.3
a. Ensuring the sample is randomly selected without bias.
b. Because it is numerical, there are no unique concerns in quantitative research.
c. Gathering data anonymously
d. Predicting information about the population using information from the sample
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 34
34) Covert research is controversial because
Page reference: Covert research controversies
a. Respondents do not provide informed consent.
b. People’s privacy may be infringed on.
c. All of these
d. People do not know they are being studied
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 35
35) What role did Humphrey’s take on in his famous study Tearoom Trade?
Page reference: Covert research controversies
a. He identified himself as a researcher.
b. He took the role of “watch queen” looking out for possible intruders and/or the police.
c. He participated in sexual activity with the men he was studying.
d. He told the men that he was an undercover police officer.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 36
36) Humphrey’s research was controversial for all of the reasons except:
Page reference: Covert research controversies
a. He recorded license plate numbers for the men he observed and used that information to track them down later for interviews.
b. He visited the men’s homes under the guise of being a public health officer.
c. He waited a year before contacting the men he observed.
d. He did not debrief the men about the study.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 37
37) Which of the following is the best argument in support of Humphrey’s research?
Page reference: Covert research controversies
a. The men knew they were engaged in illegal and risky behavior.
b. The men were in a public place so there was no expectation of privacy.
c. Humphrey’s did not reveal that he had observed the men when he interviewed them.
d. His findings led to a better understanding of human sexuality and stigma.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 38
38) Codes of ethics generally _________________.
Page reference: Covert research controversies
a. Forbid covert research in all cases.
b. Approve of covert research as long as participants are debriefed.
c. Embrace covert research as unproblematic if there are benefits to the knowledge gained.
d. Urge researchers to avoid it except as a last resort.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 39
39) Possible harms that research participants could experience include
Page reference: Protecting Participants from Harm
a. All of these
b. Physical
c. Mental and Emotional
d. Economic
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 40
40) All of the following were reasons that Totten (2001) had to prioritize protection from harm over confidentiality in his study except
Page reference: Protecting Participants from Harm
a. State law required that he had to report any child abuse he observed.
b. Mental health providers needed to be made aware of anyone suicidal.
c. He made the boys aware there were instances when he’d have to contact the authorities about what he learned.
d. The boys he studied witnessed their mother’s being beaten.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 41
41) Dr. Schmidt is using a survey to gain information about why college relationships end. There is some risk that participants will be uncomfortable or recall unpleasant situations related to their own break-ups. Given these possible risks, should the research be approved by the IRB?
Page reference: Balancing Harms and Benefits
a. No, there is no need for the IRB to review a proposal involving survey research.
b. No, if there is any risk, even if it is not much higher than the risks of every day life, the research should not occur.
c. Yes, it should be approved since the risk is minimal.
d. Yes, the benefits to the participants outweigh any risks.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 42
42) One way to maximize the benefit of societal research, according to your text, is
Page reference: Balancing Harms and Benefits
a. Benefits are indirect
b. Findings inspire policy changes
c. Findings result in more knowledge
d. Conduct research in a methodologically sound manner
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 43
43) Pawelz (2018) research on male-dominated spheres is a good example of
Page reference: Box 2.4
a. Ensuring confidentiality
b. Minimizing harm for participants
c. Maximizing benefits to the participants
d. Taking precautions to keep yourself safe as a researcher
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 44
44) Which of the following is not an example of a power differential in social research?
Page reference: Ethics as a Question of Power and Social Justice
a. A college student surveys their peers on their attitudes about legalization of marijuana.
b. A researcher asks low-wage employees about problematic work practices at their company.
c. Student athletes are interviewed about abuses they face from their coaches.
d. A professor collects data from students they are teaching about how the feel about the teaching techniques being used.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 45
45) The way in which the social and structural context impacts a person’s identity, status, and perspectives, affecting the amount of power and authority someone holds in an interaction is known as
Page reference: Ethics as a Question of Power and Social Justice
a. Reactive effects
b. Positionality
c. Justice
d. Research ethics
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 46
46) Which of the following is not a question that a researcher should ask to ensure that they are reflective about power dynamics that could impact their respondents?
Page reference: Ethics as a Question of Power and Social Justice
a. What do I need to do to ensure my safety in this situation?
b. How might power dynamics make my respondent feel compelled to share information with me or feel uncomfortable doing so?
c. What does it mean to tell this person’s story in my research?
d. What limitations might I confront when trying to represent this person’s experiences?
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 47
47) bell hooks argues that, when it comes to white people studying people of color
Page reference: Ethics as a Question of Power and Social Justice
a. White researchers should only study people in the same social categories as themselves.
b. Structures of power are not a big concern.
c. It is important to focus on the facts, rather than the impact of positionality.
d. Researchers should discuss the position they write and speak from and interrogate how privilege impacts the research.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 48
48) All of the following are critiques of Alice Goffman’s study of young African American men and their families in West Philadelphia except
Page reference: Box 2.5
a. As a white woman, Goffman should not have studied this population.
b. Goffman’s accounts reinforced racial stereotypes.
c. Goffman was seen as being too close to her respondents.
d. Goffman’s writing style and focus on individual people obscured the larger issues at work.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 49
49) Regnerus’ study on the impact of same-sex relationships on children is an example of the ways that research have political consequences because
Page reference: Ethics as a Question of Power and Social Justice
a. The research found that young adults who had same-sex parents had worse social, emotional, and relationship outcomes.
b. The results were not focused on children but young adults.
c. Regnerus’ measurement strategy was questionable.
d. The findings were used to argue against the legalization of same-sex marriage.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 50
50) Which of the following statements about the ethics of internet research are true?
Page reference: What about Research Using the Internet
a. Online research that involves direct contact with participants are subject to the same ethical protocols as in-person research.
b. Because social media is public domain, there are no concerns about privacy or confidentiality that need to be considered.
c. Using real Twitter handles in a research study is never problematic.
d. Covert research when done online is not ethically problematic.
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 1
1) The moral and professional standards that guide research are known as research design.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 2
2) Researchers are solely responsible for reviewing and identifying ethical problems in their research.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 3
3) Concern about the ethical treatment of human research subjects emerged in the 1800s.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 4
4) The men in the Tuskeegee Syphilis experiment were denied treatment even after it was discovered that penicillin was an effective treatment for the disease.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 5
5) The three main ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report are: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 6
6) Justice in the Belmont Report refers to ensuring participants’ well-being, maximizing benefits, and reducing harm.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 7
7) The Belmont Report replaced the Common Rule as the system used to ensure protection of human research participants.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 8
8) Institutional Review Boards only review research that involves high risk to the participants.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 9
9) Ethnographic research is an especially challenging methodology for IRBs to assess.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 10
10) González-Lopez’s research on incest in Mexico highlights the ways that researchers must be continuously aware of and reflective about the ways that risks could arise in the research process for respondents.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 11
11) IRBs require informed consent from all research participants.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 12
12) Generally, it is impossible to avoid reactive effects in research.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
13) Milgram’s use of deception was necessary in order to test his hypothesis.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 2 Question 14
14) Venkatesh’s research was not problematic because he was able to get informed consent from all the participants.
a. True
b. False
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 1
1) Discuss a few of the historical events that lead to the development of research ethics for human subjects. Why is it important to be aware of this history?
Feedback: Nurembrerg Code after World War Two, Tuskeegee Syphilis Experiment
Section reference: History of Research Ethics
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 2
2) What are the three main ethical principles established in the Belmont Report? Explain each in your own words.
Feedback: Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice
Section reference: History of Research Ethics
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 3
3) What are institutional review boards (IRB) and what is their role in the research process? What is the goal of the IRB review process?
Feedback: The IRB is a committee that oversees proposed research that involves human subjects. They provide guidance to researchers on ethical considerations and their approval is required before data is collected.
Section reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethics
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 4
4) Discuss some of the concerns that researchers have about the IRB process. What are its limitations? Does approval from the IRB mean that all ethical considerations have been accounted for? Why or why not?
Feedback: Some methodologies are not compatible with the requirements of the IRB. Researchers are still responsible for attending to ethical concerns throughout the entire research process. Section reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethics
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 5
5) What does González-Lopez mean by “mindful ethics”? Why was this important in her research?
Feedback: This has to do with being aware and present in the context and circumstances of the every day life of the participants so that you can anticipate and respond to ethical issues that might arise in the course of the project.
Section reference: Institutional Oversight and Research Ethic
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 6
6) Describe a few of the key aspects of informed consent. Why is informed consent an important aspect of ethical research? What are some of the challenges of obtaining consent?
Feedback: Participants need to know what the study is about and what they will be asked to do, as well as the risks and benefits to them. They have to be able to comprehend and understand the consent. Parents provide consent for minors.
Section reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 7
7) Dr. Smith is studying college students’ attitudes about the legalization of marijuana. She decided to survey three of the classes that she’s teaching to gather data. Why might this decision be ethically problematic? What would you suggest she do to ensure her research is ethically sound?
Feedback: Students may not feel that they can voluntarily refuse to participate in the study and thus might feel coerced. She could survey other courses that she’s not teaching or make it very clear that the research study will be anonymous and students grades won’t be impacted by participation.
Section reference: Informed Consent and Voluntary Participation
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 8
8) What are reactive effects? What are the arguments for and against using deception as a way of mitigating these effects? Use Milgram’s experiment as an example to make the arguments.
Feedback: Reactive effects occur when participants change their normal behaviour because they know they are being observed. Deception can mitigate this since participants don’t know the actual goal of the research, like in Milgram’s experiment. However, it creates an ethical issue with informed consent.
Section reference: Deception and the Milgram Experiments
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 9
9) How does Venkatesh’s research about gangs illustrate some of the challenges of gaining informed consent? Do you believe that his approach was ethical? Why or why not?
Feedback: Venkatesh was not fully honest about his research and shared information that was questionable with the participants. Deception was necessary to gain access to this population, but raises some important ethical questions.
Section reference: What are the boundaries of informed consent?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 10
10) What is the difference between confidentiality and anonymity? Design a study using each approach using the same topic.
Feedback: Confidentiality means you keep identities private. Anonymous studies means it’s impossible to know who participated.
Section reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 11
11) Imagine you are a researcher studying dynamics of a fraternity or sorority on your campus. What measures would you need to consider to maintain confidentiality when you report the findings of this study?
Feedback: Similar issues that are raised in the chapter regarding the study by Vidich and Bensman. Ensure that individuals can’t be identified by characteristics but also ensure that you are not identifying the organization or the school.
Section reference: Confidentiality and Anonymity
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 12
12) What are some of the reasons people may conduct social research? What is beneficial about understanding research methods? Which do you find the most interesting or appealing and why?
Feedback: Understand the world, gather information, test theory, assess a policy or practice, address a social problem.
Section reference: Overview and Introduction
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 13
13) Compare and contrast the ethical considerations that quantitative and qualitative researchers have to attend to.
Feedback: Quantitative researchers have to ensure random sampling and must report findings accurately. They also need to be clear about decisions they make about the data they include. This is true for qualitative researchers as well, who also have to consider confidentiality and in some cases the ethics of data collection.
Section reference: Ethics of Quantitative Research; Covert research controversies
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 14
14) Imagine you are a member of the Institutional Review Board and you are reviewing Laud Humphrey’s Tearoom Trade research proposal. What are the primary ethical concerns? What would you suggest he do or avoid doing in order to avoid violating ethical principles?
Feedback: No informed consent, high risk to participants, no debriefing.
Section reference: Covert Research Controversies
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 15
15) What is meant by harm to participants? What factors should researchers take into consideration to ensure that they are not harming the people participating in their research? Is any amount of harm justifiable? Why or why not?
Feedback: Harm includes physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and economic well-being. This takes priority over everything else in the research. Research participation may make people uncomfortable. But it is also challenging to know where the boundaries should be set. Could also discuss the risk that disadvantages groups may have in research settings for harm.
Section reference: Protecting Participants from Harm
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 16
16) Describe some of the controversies over power and social research, and how these relate to ethical principles. Cite an example from the chapter.
Feedback: Have to consider positionality of the respondents and the researcher when it comes to who can/should participate, confidentiality, and how studies are carried out.
Section reference: Ethics as a question of power and social justice
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 17
17) What are the main arguments that bell hooks makes about positionality? How does this relate to Alice Goffman’s research?
Feedback: Concerns about the way that she described and portrayed her participants, particularly that her accounts reified problematic stereotypes.
Section reference: Ethics as a question of power and social justice; box 2.5
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 18
18) You are planning a research study where you examine social media posts about the January 6th insurrection. What ethical considerations do you need to keep in mind that are specific to online research?
Feedback: All conventional guidelines apply with a few exceptions. One is publicly available material which doesn’t require informed consent. Another is publicly available information that would not have an expectation of privacy, like social media posts.
Section reference: Box 2.6
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 19
19) Discuss the ways that researchers need to consider ethics throughout the research process. How might ethical concerns arise during the data collection or analysis process? What about in the reporting process?
Feedback: Have to consider ethics in research design, gaining IRB approval, informed consent, and as part of the data collection and analysis process. Have to consider positionality and power differences. Results also have to be reported ethically.
Section reference: Considering Ethics in Research
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 2 Question 20
20) How might researchers best deal with ethical dilemmas they face during the research process?
Feedback: Refer to professional codes and Belmont report, report to IRB issues that arise, read other studies to see what others faced, reflection and response to positionality, and so on.
Section reference: Considering Research Ethics