Public Policymaking And Budgeting Test Bank Answers Ch.17

Chapter 17: Public Policymaking and Budgeting

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 01

1) According to the text, public policy is

Feedback: factual

a. how government addresses domestic issues.

b. what government cannot do.

c. what government says it does—not what it actually does.

d. a political slogan used by both parties.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 02

2) What is an example of a policy that was added, banned, and then reversed and denounced by environmental activists?

Feedback: factual

a. Glacier harvesting

b. Moose hunts

c. Offshore drilling

d. Noxious weed abatement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 03

3) What is an example of a policy that is not currently on the policy agenda?

Feedback: applied

a. Prohibition

b. Poverty

c. Education

d. National security

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 04

4) The first step in political action is

Feedback: applied

a. giving a speech.

b. passing a law.

c. setting the agenda.

d. policy evaluation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 05

5) Since the policy system typically emphasizes only a few priorities at any given time, inclusion on the agenda is

Feedback: conceptual

a. permanent.

b. illusory.

c. consensual.

d. fiercely competitive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 06

6) According to public opinion polls in 2018, the top policy agenda was

Feedback: factual

a. immigration/illegal aliens.

b. election reform.

c. the moral decline of Congress.

d. the war in Afghanistan.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 07

7) The social media age makes policy issues

Feedback: conceptual

a. less relevant.

b. less likely to get widespread attention.

c. more complicated.

d. more likely to surge suddenly into our collective consciousness.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 08

8) When framing a policy issue, which factor is least likely to influence its placement on the agenda?

Feedback: applied

a. The problem is new and different and has not previously been dealt with by the political system.

b. The problem affects many people.

c. The problem is linked to important national symbols.

d. The problem is highly visible, and people have strong opinions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 09

9) The average number of new federal regulations per year during the Obama administration was

Feedback: factual

a. 3,985.

b. 3,640.

c. 5,682.

d. 5,584.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 10

10) The number of new federal regulations introduced during Trump’s first year was

Feedback: factual

a. 5,498.

b. 4,832.

c. 3,281.

d. 2,854.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 11

11) The way an issue is framed largely determines

Feedback: factual

a. the length of time the issue will stay on the agenda.

b. the amount of money that will be spent on the problem.

c. which policy responses the government will consider implementing.

d. the degree to which the media will exaggerate the severity of the problem.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 12

12) The third stage in the policy process is

Feedback: factual

a. agenda setting.

b. framing.

c. evaluation.

d. formation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 13

13) At what stage does a policy analyst begin to apply analytic techniques in an attempt to evaluate policy choices?

Feedback: applied

a. Formation

b. Framing

c. Evaluation

d. Problem definition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 14

14) One effect we often see at the formation stage of policymaking is that

Feedback: applied

a. the issue dies.

b. many policy actors get involved (members of Congress, state and local legislators).

c. media attention to the issue declines.

d. decisions about the policy become secretive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 15

15) A critical component of the formation stage in policymaking is

Feedback: factual

a. getting television coverage.

b. making the proposed policy tax neutral.

c. calculating the costs and benefits of the proposed policy.

d. consulting with our allies about the proposed policy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 16

16) All of the following are benefits of an increased federal tax on gasoline except

Feedback: factual

a. reducing air pollution.

b. reducing dependence on foreign oil.

c. helping incumbents in Congress get reelected.

d. reducing traffic accidents.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 17

17) A straightforward approach to analyzing a proposed policy involves _______ studies.

Feedback: factual

a. focus group

b. exit polling

c. quantitative political science

d. cost-effectiveness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 18

18) For a quarter-century, the national gas tax has remained at _______ per gallon.

Feedback: factual

a. 18.4 cents

b. 84.4 cents

c. 64 cents

d. 6 cents

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 19

19) A cost of increasing the gas tax is

Feedback: conceptual

a. increased pollution.

b. increased dependence on imported oil.

c. increased price of shipping goods by truck.

d. required cooperation from interest groups.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 20

20) Raising national gas taxes by twenty-five cents per gallon has a cost benefit of

Feedback: conceptual

a. just over a dollar.

b. over two dollars.

c. twenty cents.

d. seventy-five cents.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 21

21) Without a positive cost-benefit analysis,

Feedback: conceptual

a. a bill is still likely to pass.

b. it is almost impossible for a bill to pass.

c. the president will not sign the bill.

d. the bureaucracy will not implement the policy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 22

22) A _______ occurs when the opportunity arises, often briefly, to pass a bill in Congress or a state legislature.

Feedback: factual

a. policy stream

b. punctuated equilibrium event

c. policy window

d. advocacy coalition window

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 23

23) Policy implementation is generally handled by

Feedback: factual

a. the House of Representatives.

b. the Senate.

c. state legislatures.

d. executive bureaucracy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 24

24) Which president wrote, “administrative questions are not political questions”?

Feedback: factual

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. Chester Arthur

c. Ronald Reagan

d. Franklin Roosevelt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 25

25) Who usually is in charge of the delivery of a new policy?

Feedback: factual

a. Government corporations

b. Independent regulatory commissions

c. Cabinet and agency secretaries

d. Special districts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 26

26) One of the most popular things about Obamacare was

Feedback: factual

a. its requirement that individuals purchase health insurance.

b. the Supreme Court decision declaring it constitutional.

c. its nickname.

d. its extension of dependents’ insurance benefits to age twenty-six.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 27

27) Each aspect of a new law requires

Feedback: conceptual

a. a press release.

b. a new administrative rule.

c. another vote in Congress.

d. presidential approval.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 28

28) What is the usual time frame for a policy window?

Feedback: factual

a. Several months

b. A year or longer

c. A very short time

d. As long as necessary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 29

29) Trump’s gas tax plan was quietly abandoned because

Feedback: applied

a. midterm elections were coming up.

b. the party requested it.

c. Congress was out of session.

d. Trump changed his mind.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 30

30) The world of policymaking is

Feedback: conceptual

a. predictable and straightforward.

b. burdened with multiple actors, ambiguous goals, and competing interests.

c. hierarchically organized.

d. devious and corrupt.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 31

31) Bottom-up service delivery starts with

Feedback: factual

a. cabinet secretaries.

b. the president.

c. street-level bureaucrats.

d. citizens.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 32

32) Street-level bureaucrats

Feedback: factual

a. work directly with the public.

b. work directly with interest groups.

c. work directly with policy makers.

d. work directly with Congress.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 33

33) Street-level decision making is characterized by

Feedback: factual

a. clientele service.

b. discretion.

c. hierarchical obedience.

d. rent seeking.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 34

34) The policymaking process

Feedback: conceptual

a. ends after a policy is implemented.

b. ends after the evaluation stage.

c. never really ends.

d. ends upon achieving all of its goals.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 35

35) After implementing a public policy, it is essential to

Feedback: applied

a. terminate it.

b. pay for it.

c. vote on it.

d. evaluate it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 36

36) Which is the basic question in policy evaluation?

Feedback: applied

a. Does the policy work?

b. Is the policy cost-effective?

c. Is the policy politically responsive?

d. Does the policy serve citizens?

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 37

37) Evaluating a public policy entails

Feedback: factual

a. soliciting citizen input.

b. looking at the original goals.

c. crafting new policies.

d. taking advantage of sunset legislation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 38

38) The tendency of policymakers to follow established routines is called

Feedback: factual

a. trailblazing.

b. moral hazard.

c. path dependence.

d. status quo policymaking.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 39

39) A classic example of a large social policy with feedback effects is

Feedback: conceptual

a. environmental regulation.

b. midnight basketball.

c. the Affordable Care Act.

d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 40

40) Policies that deal with an individual’s health and well-being are

Feedback: factual

a. social policies.

b. fiscal policies.

c. foreign policies.

d. entitlement policies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 41

41) The presidential package that spawned Social Security was

Feedback: factual

a. the Fair Deal.

b. the New Deal.

c. the New Frontier.

d. the War on Poverty.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 42

42) One of the major reasons why large-scale social policies are so slowly formulated in America is(are)

Feedback: factual

a. we cannot afford them.

b. voters are unwilling to help disadvantaged members of our society.

c. individualism and resistance to big government.

d. our standard of living has declined.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 43

43) Social policy is generally advanced after

Feedback: factual

a. peaceful years.

b. major disasters.

c. two-term presidents.

d. war.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 44

44) The first old-age pensions in America were provided to

Feedback: factual

a. Union Army Civil War veterans.

b. retired members of Congress.

c. Revolutionary War veterans.

d. World War II veterans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 45

45) An event that led to many new federal social policies was

Feedback: factual

a. the Civil War.

b. the Great Depression.

c. World War II.

d. the energy crisis.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 46

46) One of the first state-level social service agencies was in

Feedback: factual

a. Delaware.

b. Massachusetts.

c. New York.

d. Pennsylvania.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 47

47) The program passed in 1944 to reward veterans of World War II with a heavily subsidized college education was

Feedback: factual

a. the War Powers Act.

b. the Financial Aid to Student Workers Act.

c. the GI Bill.

d. the Stafford Loan Act.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 48

48) The GI Bill had the unintended consequence of creating

Feedback: factual

a. mortgage debt.

b. interest groups that lobbied for veterans’ benefits.

c. a housing shortage.

d. unusually civic-minded Americans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 49

49) To be eligible for Social Security benefits, you must be _______ years of age.

Feedback: factual

a. sixty-five

b. sixty-eight

c. seventy

d. seventy-two

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 50

50) In 2020, Social Security paid out _______ in benefits to _______ workers.

Feedback: factual

a. $2 billion, 5 million

b. $5 billion, 20 million

c. $1.1 trillion, 64 million

d. $2 trillion, 315 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 51

51) The largest single government program in America is

Feedback: factual

a. the military.

b. the Pell Grant program.

c. Medicare.

d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 52

52) Social Security comprises _______ of the gross domestic product of the United States.

Feedback: factual

a. nearly 5 percent

b. over 45 percent

c. 23 percent

d. 12 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 53

53) The program often labeled the “third rail” of American politics because of its sacrosanct status is

Feedback: factual

a. public broadcasting.

b. Social Security.

c. Medicaid.

d. the Environmental Protection Agency.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 54

54) During the Great Depression, unemployment in Toledo, Ohio, topped out at

Feedback: factual

a. 23 percent.

b. 35 percent.

c. 80 percent.

d. 92 percent.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 55

55) COVID-19 led to the unemployment of how many people?

Feedback: factual

a. 10 million

b. 20 million

c. 30 million

d. 40 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 56

56) Medicare was passed in

Feedback: factual

a. 1965.

b. 1935.

c. 1925.

d. 1985.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 57

57) In order to reduce Social Security costs, Congress has discussed

Feedback: factual

a. reducing benefits.

b. eliminating the program.

c. raising the age to receive benefits.

d. paying only those under the poverty level.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 58

58) Known as a “means-tested” program, Medicaid

Feedback: factual

a. provides benefits to people living below the median income level.

b. returns control of social programs to state governments.

c. provides benefits to people over sixty-five.

d. provides benefits to people living below poverty level.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 59

59) More than _______ Americans receive some Medicaid coverage.

Feedback: factual

a. 72 million

b. 30 million

c. 10 million

d. 1 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 60

60) Combined, Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid total about what percentage of the federal budget?

Feedback: factual

a. 45 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 54 percent

d. 37 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 61

61) People acting rationally will choose to

Feedback: conceptual

a. do what is best for the community.

b. use critical-reasoning skills to evaluate public policies.

c. maximize their own self-interest.

d. use cost-benefit analysis when evaluating public policies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 62

62) Turning over to private firms the management of services or benefits that were formerly provided by public officials is known as

Feedback: factual

a. defunding.

b. defrauding.

c. monetization.

d. privatization.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 63

63) Privatization

Feedback: factual

a. shifts public services to the private sector.

b. charges private citizens for public services.

c. shifts responsibility from private firms to the government.

d. shifts the cost of private services to the public sector.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 64

64) The gap between how much the federal government spends and how much it takes in is the

Feedback: factual

a. total debt.

b. federal budget deficit.

c. trade imbalance.

d. trade deficit.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 65

65) More than half the federal budget is spent on

Feedback: factual

a. defense.

b. crime control.

c. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid.

d. welfare.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 66

66) The cabinet office in charge of compiling the spending estimates of all federal agencies is

Feedback: factual

a. the General Accounting Office.

b. the Department of the Treasury.

c. the Office of Economic Development.

d. the Office of Management and Budget.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 67

67) Congress _______ the president’s yearly budget proposal.

Feedback: applied

a. can ignore

b. must accept

c. almost always rejects

d. almost always accepts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 68

68) How many times over the last forty years has Congress passed a budget on time, by April 15 each year?

Feedback: factual

a. Zero

b. Six

c. Two

d. Ten

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 69

69) Because of their central role in spending decisions, members of the Appropriations Committee are known as _______ on Capitol Hill.

Feedback: factual

a. vicars

b. lords

c. cardinals

d. bishops

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 70

70) There are _______ subcommittees that deal with appropriations, organized by jurisdiction.

Feedback: factual

a. six

b. nine

c. twelve

d. thirteen

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 71

71) Two-thirds of the federal budget, nearly $2 trillion, is

Feedback: applied

a. mandatory spending untouchable by the Appropriations Committee.

b. discretionary spending.

c. spent on defense-related matters.

d. given to state governments.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 72

72) Non-entitlement spending programs are known as _______ programs.

Feedback: factual

a. malleable

b. discretionary

c. wasteful

d. infrastructure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 73

73) Omnibus spending bills tend to be cobbled together

Feedback: factual

a. in early January.

b. over the course of many months.

c. within days, or even hours, of the September 30 deadline.

d. perpetually.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 74

74) When Congress is unable to pass omnibus spending bills, the president requests a

Feedback: applied

a. new budget.

b. forced congressional session.

c. tax increase.

d. continuing resolution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 75

75) Continuing resolutions extend spending at current levels, usually for how long?

Feedback: factual

a. Two weeks or a month

b. One year

c. Until Congress is back in session

d. Until the next meeting of the Appropriations Committee

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 76

76) If Congress refuses to approve a presidential request for a continuing resolution,

Feedback: factual

a. the old budget goes into effect.

b. the government shuts down.

c. a mandatory tax increase kicks in.

d. Congress must write, and vote on, a whole new budget.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 77

77) Bill Clinton managed to persuade Congress to give him line-item veto power, and the Supreme Court

Feedback: factual

a. upheld it.

b. declined to rule on it.

c. struck it down.

d. remanded it to the lower courts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 78

78) Who gets what, when, and how is largely determined by

Feedback: conceptual

a. which party controls Congress.

b. which party controls the presidency.

c. the interest group universe.

d. the budget process.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 79

79) The nation with the largest budget deficit in the world is

Feedback: conceptual

a. the United States.

b. Zimbabwe.

c. Mexico.

d. Greece.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 80

80) In many areas of policymaking, separated powers tend to

Feedback: conceptual

a. streamline the process.

b. slow the process by encouraging bargaining, battling, and compromise.

c. breed bipartisanship.

d. infuriate the media.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 81

81) In practice, the U.S. budget process

Feedback: factual

a. works pretty well.

b. doesn’t work at all.

c. rarely runs on time.

d. almost always runs on time.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 82

82) One of the reasons why budget battles are so dramatic is because

Feedback: factual

a. the president and Congress have to agree on every spending measure.

b. one party gets what it wants and the other party gets nothing.

c. they always occur during an election year.

d. the stakes are so high.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 83

83) Which would be a benefit of Congressional term limits?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It would no longer be necessary to raise campaign funds indefinitely.

b. There would be no retirement packages.

c. There would be more lobbyists.

d. There would be more third-party candidates.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 84

84) The modern congressional “work week” in Washington, DC, is

Feedback: factual

a. forty hours a week.

b. less than three days a week.

c. twenty-four hours a day, every day of the week.

d. less than two days a week.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 85

85) People outside Washington, DC, who generate and promote new ideas and sometimes help implement them are known as

Feedback: factual

a. future politicians.

b. policy mavericks.

c. policy entrepreneurs.

d. policy wonks.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 86

86) Institutionalized practices

Feedback: conceptual

a. ensure chaotic policy environments.

b. create new entitlement programs.

c. make policymaking completely unpredictable.

d. reinforce the status quo.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 87

87) The great virtue of the American policymaking system is its

Feedback: conceptual

a. remarkable stability.

b. remarkable tumultuousness.

c. protection from citizens’ disapproval.

d. ability to please citizens and create high levels of approval for Congress.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 88

88) When does policymaking begin?

Feedback: factual

a. When a public official recognizes that something is a problem

b. When private companies quit doing their jobs

c. When the president submits a new agenda

d. When Congress passes legislation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 89

89) A focusing event for nuclear power was

Feedback: factual

a. reduced coal prices.

b. COVID-19.

c. the closing of nuclear power plants in Russia.

d. the need for new energy sources.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 90

90) After an issue is on the agenda, the next step is

Feedback: factual

a. funding the solution.

b. describing the solution.

c. defining the problem.

d. deciding who is in charge.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 91

91) When analysts look at cost effectiveness, they are looking for the

Feedback: factual

a. direct cost.

b. indirect cost.

c. highest cost.

d. lowest cost.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 92

92) The first step in a cost-benefit analysis is to

Feedback: factual

a. list all expected costs.

b. list all expected revenue sources.

c. determine who will do the analysis.

d. determine who is eligible for benefits.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 93

93) Cost-benefit analysis is an example of

Feedback: factual

a. ex parte analysis.

b. ex ante analysis.

c. closing analysis.

d. focus analysis.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 94

94) Which president thought policy implementation was not political until he became president?

Feedback: factual

a. Franklin Roosevelt

b. Lyndon Johnson

c. Woodrow Wilson

d. Herbert Hoover

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 95

95) Public service delivery after World War II was

Feedback: factual

a. bottom-up.

b. center-out.

c. chaotic.

d. top-down.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 96

96) Public school teachers are examples of _______ delivery.

Feedback: factual

a. bottom-up

b. center-out

c. chaotic

d. top-down

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 97

97) Implementation is marked by

Feedback: factual

a. policy feedback.

b. rulemaking and service delivery.

c. legislative activity.

d. framing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 98

98) Matters of finance are

Feedback: factual

a. social policy matters.

b. foreign policy matters.

c. fiscal policy matters.

d. judicial policy matters.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 99

99) One of the earliest examples of social services is found in

Feedback: factual

a. Virginia.

b. Massachusetts.

c. Georgia.

d. New York.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 100

100) Give an example of a focusing event that, over the last three years, attracted widespread media attention to an issue and placed it on the policy agenda.

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 101

101) What happens if Congress is unable to pass a budget?

Feedback:

The previous year’s budget resolution remains in place.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 102

102) How does the bureaucracy make policy?

Feedback:

Primarily through its ability to regulate.

Actions throughout the policy-making process.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 103

103) How much does the budget process affect our politics?

Feedback:

To a very large degree.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 104

104) Name and describe a government public policy in your lifetime that you believe was a success. Why was this policy successful?

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 105

105) What forms can policies take?

Feedback:

Laws.

Regulations.

Presidential executive orders.

Funding formulas.

Established norms.

Action plans.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 106

106) What are the stages of policymaking?

Feedback:

Agenda setting.

Framing.

Policy formation.

Policy implementation.

Policy evaluation and feedback.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 107

107) Why are focusing events important to policy agendas?

Feedback:

Focusing events bring attention to particular issues.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 108

108) How does an issue get on the policy agenda?

Feedback:

Focusing events.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 109

109) What is problem definition, and how does it relate to policy agenda setting?

Feedback:

Another way of saying framing.

Gets issues on the policy agenda.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 110

110) When are the policy’s costs and benefits analysed?

Feedback:

Ex ante: before the policy goes into effect.

Scientific measures used to analyze policies before they go into effect.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 111

111) How is cost effectiveness utilized in policymaking?

Feedback:

Comparing policy alternatives to determine which delivers the best outcome at the lowest cost.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 112

112) What is the policy window?

Feedback:

The opportunity to pass a bill in Congress or a state legislature.

Often open only for a brief period.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 113

113) What are the steps of implementation?

Feedback:

Working out the specifics of the law.

Delivering government services or enforcing new regulations.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 114

114) What was President Trump’s “two for one” requirement?

Feedback:

Every new regulatory action by an executive agency or department had to be accompanied by the elimination of two existing rules.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 115

115) Where does top-down delivery begin?

Feedback:

Executive branch of government.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 116

116) What is necessary for a top-down approach to work?

Feedback:

Simple policy.

Clear, well-specified goals that are not difficult to meet.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 117

117) Where does bottom-up delivery begin?

Feedback:

Street-level bureaucrats.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 118

118) What kinds of policies are best suited to bottom-up delivery?

Feedback:

Complicated policies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 119

119) What is an ex post policy evaluation?

Feedback:

Evaluates policy after implementation.

Compares policy program against original goals.

Uses established set of criteria.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 120

120) What is the effect of path dependence on policy?

Feedback:

Policymakers’ choices shaped by policy choices made in the past.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 121

121) What is covered by fiscal policy?

Feedback:

Finance.

Monetary supply.

Taxes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 122

122) What is covered by foreign policy?

Feedback:

Wars.

Defense.

Diplomacy.

Trade agreements.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 123

123) What is covered by social policy?

Feedback:

Individual or group well-being.

Health.

Housing.

Education.

Employment.

Criminal justice.

Child welfare.

Old-age security.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 124

124) How does the United States compare with industrialized Western European countries regarding the provision of old-age insurance?

Feedback:

Slower than others.

Germany, 1883.

Great Britain, 1911.

United States, mid-1930s.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 125

125) How does the United States compare to other advanced democracies regarding health care?

Feedback:

Behind other countries.

Other countries enacted universal health insurance starting in 1880s.

United States still does not have universal health care.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 126

126) What is the source of most major social policy advances?

Feedback:

Wars.

Revolutionary War inspired organized benefits.

Civil War saw national government benefits for soldiers and families.

World War II and GI Bill.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 127

127) The Social Security Act was created to provide a monthly living stipend to older Americans. What else did it create?

Feedback:

Unemployment insurance.

Disability insurance.

Financial assistance to low-income families with children.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 128

128) How did Social Security become the first universal social policy in American history?

Feedback:

Started with tax on few occupations, gradually added more occupations to be taxed.

Grew to include more people.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 129

129) What is the federal poverty line, and what is it used for?

Feedback:

Annually specified level of income below which people are considered to live in poverty.

Used to determine eligibility for certain federal benefits.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 130

130) Are government employment and expenditure figures a good measure of how “big” the government is?

Feedback:

These figures do not present an accurate picture of government influence on the economy.

Government influences the economy through regulation, contracts, loan guarantees, tax policies.

Much of government’s work is done in the private sector and is not accounted for in expenditure and employment figures.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 131

131) Identify and discuss three significant problems with evaluating policy success, using the example of the CeaseFire (Cure Violence) program against gang violence.

Feedback:

Rates of youth unemployment did not change significantly. Can threatening mass arrests help gang members find employment?

Is the program funded adequately?

Is CeaseFire superior to tough police tactics?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 132

132) What constitutes a “good” social policy?

Feedback:

Is the policy feasible? Can it withstand scrutiny by Congress, the president, and the courts?

Is the policy fair?

Is the policy effective?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 133

133) Should the government privatize services it now offers? Explain your answer

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 134

134) How does the American healthcare system compare with those of other industrialized nations? What are the major issues in the health care debate?

Feedback:

No universal health care.

Cost and access are major issues.

Partisan vote.

Supreme Court ruling.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 135

135) Discuss laissez-faire fiscal policy. When was it U.S. government policy?

Feedback:

U.S. policy in nineteenth, early twentieth centuries.

French term meaning “leave it alone.”

Small federal budget.

Limited tax and spending.

Changed during wartime.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 136

136) How did fiscal policy change with the Depression? Who led the change?

Feedback:

Fiscal policy became Keynesian.

Federal funds flowed out faster than tax revenues flowed in.

New Deal programs funded through government spending.

Franklin D. Roosevelt led the change.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 137

137) What is “pump priming”?

Feedback:

Pouring government funds into a faltering economy.

Cutting taxes.

Gives consumers enough confidence to start spending and hiring.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 138

138) Discuss how the parties differ when deciding which fiscal levers to pull.

Feedback:

Democrats: expand spending.

Republicans: tax cuts.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 139

139) Discuss the tools the Federal Reserve has regarding the economy.

Feedback:

Buy Treasury securities.

Set dollar reserve levels banks are required to hold.

Set interest rates: low to encourage borrowing or high to slow economy.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 140

140) What are budget resolutions? Who writes them?

Feedback:

Joint House-Senate budget resolutions that outline targets for federal spending, revenue levels, and the resultant budget deficit (or surplus) for the coming fiscal year.

Nineteen broad categories, budget functions.

Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act 1974 created budget committees in both House and Senate.

Concurrent budget resolution is supposed to be approved by April 15 but is usually late.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 141

141) Discuss the Appropriations Committees in the House and Senate.

Feedback:

Charged with specifying which departments and programs will get how much money.

Budget authority split into thirteen separate jurisdictions.

Each jurisdiction assigned a separate appropriations subcommittee to handle budget planning for all policy areas in jurisdiction.

Spending on all programs in jurisdiction cannot exceed total specified in the resolution.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 142

142) What is a CR? When is it used?

Feedback:

Continuing Resolution.

If there is no budget and no omnibus bill, Congress passes a CR to keep government running.

Effective for a specified period of time: two weeks or a month, usually.

Congress can pass CR after CR if necessary to keep government running.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 143

143) Should the focus of public policy be to create a more just society, or should public policy help the maximum number of people? Defend your answer with reasons and examples.

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 144

144) Should citizens be given choices about what public programs and services they consume? How would this work? What if not enough people chose a service that was desperately needed by some but was not cost-effective?

Feedback:

Answers will vary.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 145

145) How does rational-choice theory affect public policy?

Feedback:

People will choose to maximize self-interest.

Majority will determine more and less desirable policy choices.

Competitive pressures will cause costs to come down, saving taxpayers money.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 146

146) How do movies reflect cultural ideas?

Feedback:

Avatar.

Avengers: Endgame.

Lego Movie.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 147

147) What are some reforms that might help increase policy production?

Feedback:

Term limits for Congress.

Revise Senate filibuster and legislative-hold rules.

Require Congress to work five days a week in Washington on legislative labors.

Make hiring easier and pay better.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Question 148

148) What is a policy entrepreneur?

Feedback:

A person who generates new ideas.

Moves ideas up policy agendas.

Creates workable proposals.

Implements policy ideas.