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Psychological Factors And Health Test Bank Ch.4

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: Nevid & Rathus, Adjustment Psychology 14th Edition

Chapter Number: Chapter 04

Question type: Multiple-Choice

1) Stress is a concept psychologists have borrowed from ______.

a) biology

b) chemistry

c) paleontology

d) physics

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

2) In physics, ______ is defined as pressure or force exerted on a body.

a) stress

b) momentum

c) compression

d) acceleration

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

3) In psychology, the demand made on an organism to adapt is called ______.

a) pressure

b) stress

c) anxiety

d) coercion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

4) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

a) some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied

b) intense and prolonged stress can make us more vulnerable to disorders

c) even occasional stress is dangerously harmful

d) over time, stress can impair our ability to experience pleasure

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

5) More than ______ Americans responding to a recent APA poll reported that they experience headaches.

a) one-quarter

b) one-third

c) one-half

d) two-thirds

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

6) In a recent APA poll, the most commonly reported psychological symptom of stress was ______.

a) feeling nervous or sad

b) lack of interest, motivation, or energy

c) feeling as though you could cry

d) feeling irritable and angry

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

7) Routine stressful sources of annoyance or aggravation that have a negative impact on health are called ______.

a) daily hassles

b) life changes

c) uplifts

d) pressures

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

8) Regularly occurring conditions and experiences that can threaten or harm our well-being are ______.

a) life-changes

b) daily hassles

c) acculturative stressors

d) pressures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

9) Sarah is feeling very stressed because she is lonely and having constant problems with her co-workers. The source of her stress would be best classified as ______.

a) daily hassles

b) life changes

c) uplifts

d) pressures

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

10) Byron is feeling very stressed about repeated problems with his college roommates about keeping their apartment clean as well as fears about all of the crime in his neighborhood. The sources of his stress would be best classified as ______.

a) daily hassles

b) life changes

c) uplifts

d) defense mechanisms

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

11) Uplifts refer to ______.

a) little padded devices short people put in their shoes to look taller

b) positive life changes

c) regularly occurring enjoyable experiences

d) religious conversion experiences

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

12) The opposite of uplifts are ______.

a) life changes

b) daily hassles

c) conflicts

d) downturns

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

13) The opposite of daily hassles are ______.

a) life changes

b) stressors

c) uplifts

d) distractors

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

14) Which of the following is NOT one of the types of hassles described in your text?

a) household hassles

b) inner-concern hassles

c) environmental hassles

d) life-change hassles

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

15) Irregularly occurring major changes in life circumstances, such as losing a job or a loved one, are called ______

a) life-changes

b) daily hassles

c) acculturative stressors

d) pressures

Answers: a

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

16) Which of the following is true of daily hassles and life changes?

a) Both daily hassles and life changes may involve positive and negative experiences.

b) Both daily hassles and life changes involve only negative experiences.

c) Hassles involve both positive and negative experiences, whereas life changes involve only negative experiences.

d) Hassles involve only negative experiences, whereas life changes involve both positive and negative experiences.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

17) Which of the following is true of daily hassles and life changes?

a) Both daily hassles and life changes occur on a daily basis.

b) Both daily hassles and life changes are relatively infrequent events.

c) Hassles are relatively infrequent events whereas, life changes occur on a daily basis.

d) Hassles occur on a daily basis, whereas life changes are relatively infrequent events.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

18) Which of the following is NOT true of stress?

a) Some stress is necessary to keep us alert and occupied.

b) Of all life changes, only negative life changes are stressful.

c) Some stress can actually improve our performance in many tasks.

d) Stress is your body's reaction to any demand to adapt or cope.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

19) Both daily hassles and life changes have been found to be predictors of ______, according to your text.

a) health problems

b) psychotic behavior

c) stunted growth

d) loneliness

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

20) The feelings of tension and anxiety that accompany efforts to adapt to the orientation and values of the dominant culture are termed ______ stress.

a) adaptive

b) integrative

c) social isolation

d) acculturative

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

21) Approximately ______ million Americans suffer from chronic pain.

a) 25 to 40

b) 60 to 80

c) 100 to 120

d) 160 to 180

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

22) Pain is usually the sharpest where nerve endings are ______.

a) exposed

b) longest

c) shortest

d) densely packed

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

23) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

a) pain messages usually originate deep within the brain itself

b) pain can be felt deep within the body

c) there are no nerve endings for pain in the brain

d) pain is adaptive

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

24) Pain usually originates ______.

a) at the point of contact

b) in the brain itself

c) in the spinal cord

d) in the endocrine system

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

25) Substances derived from fatty acids that are involved in body responses such as inflammation and menstrual cramping are called ______.

a) endorphins

b) prostaglandins

c) analgesics

d) corticosteroids

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

26) ______ serves the biological function of attracting infection-fighting blood cells to the affected area to protect it against invading germs.

a) Swelling

b) Coagulation

c) Hemorrhage

d) Inflammation

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

27) Drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen that decrease fever, pain, and inflammation are called ______.

a) endorphins

b) prostaglandins

c) analgesics

d) corticosteroids

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

28) Analgesic drugs act by ______.

a) inhibiting the production of prostaglandins

b) increasing the transmission of pain messages to the brain

c) locking into receptor sites for chemicals that transmit pain messages to the brain

d) inhibiting the neurons that would normally transmit pain messages to the brain

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

29) Analgesic drugs work by inhibiting the production of ______.

a) endorphins

b) prostaglandins

c) antibodies

d) dopamine

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

30) Endorphins are ______________ that are composed of chains of amino acids.

a) analgesics

b) prostaglandins

c) antibodies

d) neurotransmitters

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

31) The degree to which we experience pain is affected by ______.

a) neither our emotional response nor our physical response to stress

b) our emotional response, but not our physical response to stress

c) our physical response to stress but not our emotional response

d) both our emotional response and our physical response to stress

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

32) We are likely to experience the least pain when the pain is ______.

a) derived from an object we do not fear, we perceive we can change the situation, we have self-confidence, and a history of successful response to stress

b) derived from an object we fear, we perceive that we cannot change the situation, we have little self-confidence, but a history of successful response to stress

c) derived from an object we do not fear, we perceive we cannot change the situation, we have self-confidence, and a history of successful response to stress

d) derived from an object we fear, we perceive we cannot change the situation, we have little self-confidence, and we have a history of unsuccessful responses to stress

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

33) Naturally occurring neurotransmitters that are chemically similar to morphine and act to relieve pain are called ______.

a) endorphins

b) prostaglandins

c) analgesics

d) corticosteroids

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

34) Endorphins are similar to ______ in their functions.

a) Prozac

b) antibiotics

c) morphine

d) prostaglandins

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

35) Endorphins act by ______.

a) inhibiting the production of prostaglandins

b) increasing the transmission of pain messages to the brain

c) locking into receptor sites for chemicals that transmit pain messages to the brain

d) inhibiting the neurons that would normally transmit pain messages to the brain

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

36) Coping with pain has traditionally been a ______ issue.

a) legal

b) medical

c) psychological

d) social/political

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

37) Which of the following is NOT one of the methods described in your text as an effective psychological method for managing pain?

a) accurate information

b) distraction and fantasy

c) hypnosis

d) flooding

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

38) Researchers have found that ______.

a) the amount of information patients have is not related to their ability to manage pain

b) physicians often give people far too much information to help them effectively deal with their pain

c) the less information patients have the better they are able to manage pain

d) obtaining accurate and thorough information often helps people manage pain

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

39) Experimental studies show that people report lower levels of pain if they ______.

a) are not warned ahead of time that a medical procedure will be painful

b) focus their attention away from their pain

c) let the sensations of pain “flow” through their conscious awareness

d) focus their attention squarely on the source of their pain

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

40) A trance state in which the person becomes highly suggestible is ______.

a) a flow state

b) hypnosis

c) REM sleep

d) a sympathetic dominant state

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

41) According to your text, hypnosis can be used to accomplish all but WHICH of the following?

a) helping people to stop smoking

b) assisting with weight loss

c) overcoming procrastination

d) achieving extra anesthesia in dentistry

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

42) Which of the following is NOT one of the methods described in your text as an effective psychological method for coping with pain?

a) acupuncture

b) catastrophizing

c) biofeedback training

d) relaxation training

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

43) A treatment method that is often used to help people relax targeted muscle groups that are often tensed during periods of pain is known as ______.

a) biofeedback training

b) acupuncture

c) gate control

d) placebo control

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

44) A means of training people to gain some degree of control over internal bodily responses through the use of physiological monitoring that provides information about changes in these responses is ______.

a) gate control

b) acupuncture

c) biofeedback

d) placebo control

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

45) Which of the following people is likely to experience the least amount of pain?

a) Someone who is pessimistic and takes an active role in pain management

b) Someone who is pessimistic and takes a passive role in pain management

c) Someone who is optimistic and takes a passive role in pain management

d) Someone who is optimistic and takes an active role in pain management

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

46) Which of the following people is likely to experience the most amount of pain?

a) Someone who is pessimistic and takes an active role in pain management

b) Someone who is pessimistic and takes a passive role in pain management

c) Someone who is optimistic and takes a passive role in pain management

d) Someone who is optimistic and takes an active role in pain management

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

47) Melzack is most closely associated with ______.

a) the gate theory of pain

b) the general adaptation syndrome

c) the study of daily hassles

d) deep muscle relaxation techniques

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

48) According to the ______ theory of pain, the nervous system can only process a limited amount of information at a time.

a) volley

b) broken record

c) response

d) gate

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

49) According to the gate theory of pain, if you feel a pain in your toe, you should ______.

a) squeeze all your toes

b) take an analgesic

c) use fantasy to distract yourself

d) mentally relax yourself

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

50) The process of inserting thin needles into particular points in the body and rotating them in order to relieve pain is ______.

a) neuromatrix manipulation

b) acupuncture

c) paradoxical relief

d) biofeedback training

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

51) Research by Western scientists into the effectiveness of acupuncture has ______.

a) found no evidence for its effectiveness in treating any types of pain

b) produced mixed results

c) found strong evidence for its usefulness in treating almost all types of pain

d) not yet been conducted on a large enough scale to draw any conclusions

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

52) Herbert wants to drive his father's car. When he asks, he is told that he is too young (13 years old). The stress he feels as a result of having his refused is called ______.

a) anxiety

b) depression

c) frustration

d) inadequacy

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

53) According to your text, if we try to earn other people's approval at all costs, we are likely to experience ______.

a) isolation

b) rejection

c) frustration

d) self-actualization

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

54) For most people, the stresses of commuting are ______.

a) mild and sporadic

b) mild but persistent

c) severe but sporadic

d) severe and persistent

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

55) Anxiety and fear serve as ______ that prevent us from acting effectively to meet our goals.

a) catalysts

b) physical limitations

c) emotional barriers

d) response characteristics

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

56) People who have encountered frustration, but learned that it is possible to surmount barriers or find substitute goals, are ______ tolerant of frustration than those who have never experienced it.

a) less

b) just as

c) not at all

d) more

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

57) The thwarting of a motive to attain a goal, or something that prevents us from doing or getting what we desire produces ______.

a) anxiety

b) depression

c) frustration

d) inadequacy

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

58) Which of the following is NOT true?

a) Tolerance for frustration may fluctuate.

b) It is the ability to delay gratification and maintain self-control when a goal is thwarted.

c) Stress heaped upon stress can increase our tolerance for frustration.

d) People who have learned to surmount frustration or find substitute goals for it are more tolerant of frustration.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

59) According to your text, the process of being torn in two or more directions at the same time by opposing motives is called ______.

a) frustration

b) conflict

c) state anxiety

d) trait anxiety

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

60) Feeling “darned if you do and darned if you don’t” is an example of ______.

a) frustration

b) conflict

c) state anxiety

d) trait anxiety

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

61) Conflict is ______.

a) neither frustrating nor stressful

b) frustrating but not stressful

c) stressful but not frustrating

d) both stressful and frustrating

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

62) The LEAST stressful form of conflict is a(n)______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance conflict

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

63) A conflict that involves two positive but mutually exclusive goals, each of which is within reach, is called a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

64) Janice cannot decide whether to take her lottery winnings in a lump sum or in partial payments for the next 20 years. The type of conflict she is experiencing is called a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

65) A conflict that involves two goals, each of which is negative, and you would prefer to avoid, is called a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

66) Greg is fearful of visiting the dentist, but he is also fearful of having his teeth decay if he does not visit the dentist. He is experiencing a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

67) A goal or desire that produces mixed feelings in you because it has both positive and negative qualities and you're not sure which qualities to focus on, produces a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

68) Tom is on a strict diet when he sees the most delicious-looking double chocolate cheesecake he has ever seen. Part of him really wants to devour the whole cake, but another part of him can't stop thinking about all the calories in the cake. The type of conflict Tom is experiencing is called a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

69) A conflict in which each of two or more goals has both positive and negative qualities, making it difficult to decide which goal is better or worse for you, is called a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

70) Gary is faced with a difficult decision. On the one hand, he has a major exam tomorrow and really needs to stay home and study. On the other hand, his friends asked him to go out with them and see a new hit movie that he really wants to see. He may not get another chance to see the movie and the thought of studying all night is not very attractive. However, the thought of failing the exam is not very attractive either. Gary is experiencing a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

71) The MOST complex form of conflict is a(n) ______ conflict.

a) approach–approach

b) approach–avoidance

c) multiple approach–avoidance

d) avoidance–avoidance

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

72) ______ forms of conflict entail motives that aim in opposite directions.

a) No

b) A few

c) Most

d) All

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

73) The psychologist known for his theories about the impact of irrational beliefs and catastrophizing on people’s physical and mental health is ______.

a) Jacobson

b) Lazarus

c) Kobasa

d) Ellis

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Discuss the roles of cognitive appraisal, problem solving, and managing emotional response help to cope with stress and how these methods might be hindered by less effective coping mechanisms

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

74) Albert Ellis is most closely associated with ______.

a) the black box theory

b) the A-B-C approach

c) the general adaptation syndrome

d) biofeedback training

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

75) Albert Ellis is most closely associated with the concept of ______.

a) irrational beliefs

b) the gate control theory of pain

c) relaxation training

d) biofeedback training

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

76) Regina feels that she cannot survive without the approval of others. This is what Ellis would call ______.

a) relativistic thinking

b) an irrational belief

c) attributional set

d) the fundamental attribution error

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

77) Interpreting a minor problem as an emotionally overwhelming disaster (when it is not) is what Ellis called ______.

a) reframing

b) cognitive restructuring

c) catastrophizing

d) vicarious learning

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

78) According to cognitive-behavioral psychologists, the proper sequence of procedures for controlling catastrophizing thoughts is as follows:

a) develop awareness of the irrational thoughts, prepare incompatible thoughts, evaluate the accuracy of the thoughts, reward yourself

b) evaluate the accuracy of your thoughts, develop awareness of irrational thoughts, prepare incompatible thoughts, reward yourself

c) develop awareness of the irrational thoughts, evaluate the accuracy of the thoughts, prepare incompatible thoughts, reward yourself

d) evaluate the accuracy of your thoughts, prepare incompatible thoughts, develop an awareness of your new rational thoughts, reward yourself

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

79) People who are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive demonstrate _________ behavior patterns.

a) androgynous

b) Type A

c) Type B

d) heterogynous

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

80) Betty is constantly trying to be the best. For her, winning is everything. She feels constant time pressure and always keeps one eye glued to the clock. She has little patience with others and expects them to be as ambitious as she is. Her behavior is typical of a(n) ______ behavior pattern.

a) Type A

b) Type B

c) internal

d) external

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

81) Each of the following is true of people with a Type A behavior pattern EXCEPT ______.

a) they demand continual self-improvement

b) they believe they must be perfectly competent and achieving in everything they undertake

c) they attempt to dominate group discussions

d) they are more likely than Type Bs to delegate authority when in management positions

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

82) Each of the following is true of people with a Type A behavior pattern EXCEPT ______.

a) they are often reluctant to delegate power

b) they do not hold any irrational beliefs

c) they become restless when others work slowly

d) they eat, walk, and talk rapidly

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

83) Someone with a Type A behavior pattern is most likely to live a lifestyle dictated by the irrational belief ______.

a) “my past determines my feelings and behaviors today”

b) “it’s easier to evade life’s difficulties than to face them head on”

c) “my emotional misery stems from pressures I have no ability to control”

d) “I must be perfectly competent and achieving in everything I do”

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

84) Benny is one of the most laid-back people around. His attitude is to take everything in stride "one day at a time." He would rather go fishing and enjoy the scenery than work overtime at the office. Benny's approach to life is best described as typical of a(n) ______ behavior pattern.

a) Type A

b) Type B

c) internal

d) external

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

85) Compared to people who are Type B, people who are Type A are ______.

a) less impatient

b) less ambitious

c) less likely to delegate authority

d) more likely to pace themselves

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

86) Blizzards, hurricanes, tornadoes, and windstorms are all examples of ______.

a) ecological imbalances

b) technological disasters

c) natural disasters

d) human neglect of nature

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

87) We owe our dominance over the environment to ______.

a) environmental abuses

b) technological progress

c) the earth's benign climate

d) naturalistic living

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

88) Survivors of natural and technological disasters suffer ______ effects of stress for years afterwards.

a) neither physical nor psychological

b) physical but not psychological

c) psychological but not physical

d) both physical and psychological

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

89) Auto emissions, cigarette smoke, and industrial smog are examples of ______.

a) technological disasters

b) air pollutants

c) emissions that may help reduce the "greenhouse effect"

d) relatively harmless byproducts of technological development whose dangers have been overblown by environmentalists

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

90) Malodorous air pollutants have been shown to ______.

a) increase feelings of attraction between people

b) have little or no effect on people's behavior

c) lower the likelihood of aggression

d) decrease feelings of attraction between people

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

91) Unpleasant-smelling pollutants ______ feelings of attraction and ______ aggression.

a) decrease, lower

b) decrease, heighten

c) increase, lower

d) increase, heighten

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

92) Of the following, which are most likely to experience stimulus overload and fear of crime?

a) Big-city dwellers

b) Suburbanites

c) Rural folks

d) Big-city dwellers, suburbanites, and rural folks are all equally likely to experience stimulus overload and fear of crime

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

93) The invisible boundary, sort of like a bubble, that surrounds you is known as ______.

a) territory

b) psychological property

c) personal space

d) the exclusivity zone

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

94) Personal space appears to serve ______ functions.

a) neither protective nor communicative

b) protective but not communicative

c) communicative but not protective

d) both communicative and protective

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

95) Which of the following people are likely to maintain the greatest distance between themselves and others?

a) Asians

b) southern Europeans

c) northern Europeans

d) Middle Easterners

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

96) Which of the following people are likely to maintain the greatest distance between themselves and others?

a) southern Europeans

b) Asians

c) Middle Easterners

d) North Americans

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

97) Which of the following people are most likely to tolerate crowding well?

a) North Americans

b) Asians

c) northern Europeans

d) southern Europeans

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

98) According to Hans Selye, the body's response to stress is called ______.

a) cognitive dissonance

b) the Stockholm syndrome

c) the phi phenomenon

d) the general adaptation syndrome

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

99) The general adaptation syndrome was first theorized by ______.

a) Albert Bandura

b) Walter Cannon

c) Hans Selye

d) Charles Darwin

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

100) The general adaptation syndrome has ______ stages.

a) five

b) four

c) three

d) two

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

101) The researcher who has been playfully dubbed “Dr. Stress,” is ______.

a) Albert Bandura

b) Walter Cannon

c) Hans Selye

d) Charles Darwin

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

102) The correct chronological sequence for the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome is ______.

a) alarm, exhaustion, resistance

b) exhaustion, resistance, alarm

c) resistance, alarm, exhaustion

d) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

103) The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the ______ stage.

a) alarm

b) exhaustion

c) resistance

d) refractory

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

104) According to your text, the fight-or-flight reaction is the analogous to the ______ stage.

a) alarm

b) exhaustion

c) resistance

d) refractory

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

105) The researcher known for first identifying the fight-or-flight response is ______.

a) Albert Bandura

b) Walter Cannon

c) Hans Selye

d) Charles Darwin

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

106) An innate adaptive response to the perception of danger is the ______.

a) Stockholm syndrome

b) Phi phenomenon

c) intern’s syndrome

d) fight-or-flight reaction

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

107) The stage of the general adaptation syndrome in which the body mobilizes to prepare itself for defense against a stressor is the ______ stage.

a) early warning

b) alarm

c) resistance

d) exhaustion

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

108) The alarm stage involves body changes that are regulated by the endocrine system and the ______.

a) somatic nervous system

b) spinal cord in the central nervous system

c) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

d) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

109) The ______ controls involuntary activities, such as heartbeat and digestion.

a) adrenal cortex

b) autonomic nervous system

c) somatic nervous system

d) efferent nervous system

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

110) The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the ______.

a) central and peripheral branches

b) afferent and efferent divisions

c) somatic and pulmonary branches

d) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

111) The division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during activities and emotional responses is the ______.

a) reticular formation

b) parasympathetic division

c) sympathetic division

d) somatic division

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

112) A person who finds herself impatient and fidgeting while stuck in traffic or waiting in line is experiencing activation of her ________ nervous system.

a) sympathetic

b) parasympathetic

c) afferent

d) efferent

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

113) The division of the autonomic nervous system that tones down states of bodily arousal and controls bodily processes that replenish resources, such as digestion, is the ______.

a) reticular formation

b) parasympathetic division

c) sympathetic division

d) somatic division

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

114) A person who is calmly eating a meal probably has a(n) ______ nervous system that is active at that point in time.

a) sympathetic

b) parasympathetic

c) afferent

d) efferent

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

115) The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have ______ effects.

a) unknown

b) few, if any

c) largely opposite

d) mostly similar

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

116) The body’s system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

a) lymphatic

b )endocrine

b) immune

c) cardiovascular

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

117) The endocrine system consists of ______.

a) tear ducts and salivary glands

b) involuntary muscles

c) voluntary muscles

d) ductless glands such as the pituitary gland

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

118) The endocrine system affects the body through the production of ______.

a) hormones

b) pheromones

c) tears and sweat

d) antibodies

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

119) Substances secreted by the endocrine glands that regulate various bodily functions are called ______.

a) neurotransmitters

b) prostaglandins

c) hormones

d) endorphins

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

120) The structure in the brain that is crucial to the alarm stage through its secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the ______.

a) thalamus

b) hypothalamus

c) reticular formation

d) caudate nucleus

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

121) Stress has a domino effect on a set of endocrine glands that are labeled the ______ axis.

a) CTH

b) HPA

c) RNA

d) STEM

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

122) Each of the following is one of the three key glands activated by stress during the alarm stage EXCEPT the ______.

a) adrenal gland

b) hypothalamus

c) pituitary gland

d) pineal gland

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

123) The correct chronological sequence of how the endocrine glands are activated during the alarm stage is ______.

a) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal

b) hypothalamus, adrenal, pituitary

c) adrenal, pituitary, hypothalamus

d) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

124) The hypothalamus secretes ______ during the alarm.

a) corticosteroids

b) neurotransmitters

c) CRH

d) ACTH

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

125) Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that increase resistance to stress in ways such as fighting inflammation and causing the liver to release stores of sugar are ______.

a) corticosteroids

b) endorphins

c) prostaglandins

d) neuroleptics

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

126) During the HPA axis progression, the pituitary gland secretes ______ during the alarm.

a) corticosteroids

b) neurotransmitters

c) CRH

d) ACTH

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

127) The adrenal glands secret ______ during the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

a) corticosteroids

b) neurotransmitters

c) CRH

d) ACTH

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

128) Corticosteroids are secreted by the ______ during the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

a) adrenal cortex

b) pineal gland

c) pituitary gland

d) adrenal medulla

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

129) ______ help(s) the body resist stress by making nutrients that are stored in the body more available for use in meeting demands for energy that is required to cope with stressful events.

a) CRH

b) ACTH

c) Adrenaline

d) Corticosteroids

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

130) The structure in the brain involved in regulating many bodily processes, including hunger, sleep, emotions, and body temperature, is the ______.

a) thalamus

b) hypothalamus

c) amygdala

d) pineal gland

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

131) Corticosteroids can be most harmful to the ______ system.

a) respiratory

b) skeletal-muscular

c) cardiovascular

d) digestive

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

132) Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted by the ______.

a) thalamus

b) pineal gland

c) pituitary gland

d) adrenal medulla

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

133) The two hormones released by the adrenal medulla that arouse the body by accelerating heart rate, and stimulating the liver to release stored energy in the form of glucose are ______.

a) cortisol and ACTH

b) adrenaline and noradrenaline

c) serotonin and dopamine

d) dopamine and melatonin

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

134) When you have been in the alarm stage and the threat is removed, the ______ nervous system takes control of the body.

a) tertiary

b) sympathetic

c) somatic

d) parasympathetic

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

135) If the fight-or-flight reaction mobilizes the body and the stressor is not removed, we enter the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

a) alarm

b) exhaustion

c) resistance

d) refractory

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

136) The stage in the general adaptation syndrome in which the body, after prolonged exposure to a stressor, attempts to restore lost energy and repair whatever damage has been done is called the ______ stage.

a) alarm

b) exhaustion

c) resistance

d) refractory

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

137) In the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity are ______ than in the alarm stage, and are ______ than normal.

a) ) lower, lower

b) higher, lower

c) lower, higher

d) higher, higher

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

138) The final stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the ______ stage.

a) alarm

b) exhaustion

c) refractory

d) resistance

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

139) In the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the ______ of the autonomic nervous system may become dominant.

a) reticular formation

b) parasympathetic division

c) sympathetic division

d) somatic division

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

140) Continued stress, after the body has reached the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, leads to ______.

a) diseases of adaptation

b) hypochondriasis

c) a second alarm

d) a reaction formation

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

141) Diseases of adaptation result primarily from ______.

a) sudden, severe trauma

b) malfunctioning of the parasympathetic division

c) prolonged, unresolved stress

d) malfunctioning of the sympathetic division

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

142) ______ factors help determine our vulnerability and responses to stress.

a) Neither psychological nor biological

b) Biological, but not psychological

c) Psychological, not biological

d) Both biological and psychological

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

143) Our perceptions of our capacities to bring about change in our environment are our ______.

a) self-image

b) ideal self

c) self-efficacy expectations

d) external belief system

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

144) Which of the following is NOT true of people with high self-efficacy expectations?

a) They are less likely to adhere to a regimen of physical activity.

b) They are less likely to be disturbed by adverse events.

c) They are more likely to lose weight and quit smoking.

d) They are less likely to relapse after losing weight or quitting smoking.

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

145) In the face of traumatic events, people with higher levels of self-efficacy show ____________.

a) better rates of recovery because they resign themselves to fate

b) better rates of recovery because they take a more direct role in mending their lives

c) worse rates of recovery because they resign themselves to fate

d) worse rates of recovery because they lack confidence in their abilities to change anything

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

146) The researcher noted for studying psychological hardiness is ______.

a) Selye

b) Bandura

c) Kobasa

d) Blaney

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

147) A cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control are ______.

a) self-efficacy expectations

b) locus of control

c) response characteristics

d) psychological hardiness

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

148) Each of the following has been linked to high levels of psychological hardiness EXCEPT ______.

a) commitment

b) complexity

c) challenge

d) control

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

149) Which of the following is NOT a way in which psychologically hardy individuals differ from non-hardy individuals?

a) Hardy individuals are higher in commitment.

b) Hardy individuals have more of an external locus of control.

c) Hardy individuals are high in challenge.

d) Hardy individuals have a higher perceived level of control.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

150) Which of the following is MOST likely to help you effectively resist stress?

a) psychological hardiness

b) an external locus of control

c) a Type A personality

d) low self-efficacy expectations

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

151) Psychologically hardy people tend to have a more ______ locus of control.

a) external

b) inconsistent

c) overactive

d) internal

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

152) Samantha believes that she can exert significant control over her own life and sees her fate as being in her own hands. According to your text, she has a(n) ______ locus of control.

a) situational

b) internal

c) external

d) diffused

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

153) Justin believes he has little influence over his own life and sees his fate as being in the hands of others who control him. According to your text, he has a(n) ______ locus of control.

a) independent

b) internal

c) dependent

d) external

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

154) Research on humor and stress indicates that ______.

a) attempts at humor, when people are already under stress, seem to increase the stress

b) humor has little or no effect on people's stress levels

c) people who are under stress are less able to effectively generate or appreciate humor

d) humor serves to get our minds off the sources of stress, at least for a time

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

155) If you are feeling stressed out, scientific findings suggest that it might help to watch a ______________.

a) news report

b) comedy

c) horror movie

d) documentary on wildlife

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

156) The ability to predict a stressor apparently ______ its impact.

a) eliminates

b) reduces

c) does not affect

d) amplifies

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

157) Researchers have ______.

a) not yet conducted enough studies on the effects of optimism on stress to draw any reliable conclusions

b) found that optimistic people show decreased resilience to the effects of stress

c) found that optimism has little or no relationship to resilience to stress

d) found that optimistic people show increased resilience to the effects of stress

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

158) Optimism is linked to ______ levels of emotional distress and ______ levels of pain among cancer patients.

a) lower, lower

b) lower, higher

c) higher, lower

d) higher, higher

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

159) Optimistic people tend to live ______ and to have ______ satisfying romantic relationships.

a) shorter lives, less

b) shorter lives, more

c) longer lives, less

d) longer lives, more

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

160) Pessimistic people tend to report ______ emotional distress and ______ social anxieties.

a) less; fewer

b) more; fewer

c) less; more

d) more; more

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

161) The links between optimism and resilience to stress are ______.

a) nonexistent

b) anecdotal

c) correlational

d) experimental

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Evaluation

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

162) Each of the following is a source of social support EXCEPT ______.

a) appraisal (such as feedback)

b) introversion

c) information

d) instrumental aid

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

163) Which of the following is NOT one of the types of social support discussed in your text?

a) propinquity

b) emotional concern

c) instrumental aid

d) appraisal feedback

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

164) Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

a) at least some stress is needed to help us remain active, alert, and motivated

b) defensive coping methods are the most effective means of coping with stress

c) stress management does not seek to eliminate stress from your life

d) too much stress results in distress

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

165) Which of the following is NOT a type of defensive method for coping with stress?

a) denial

b) meditation

c) alcohol and drugs

d) aggression

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

166) Which of the following is NOT true of defensive methods of coping with stress?

a) They reduce the immediate impact of the stressor.

b) They "buy time" for people to marshal their resources.

c) They deal with the source of the stress.

d) They do not improve the effectiveness of our response to stress.

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

167) Which of the following responses may be the most appropriate when you are faced with a situation in which there is no successful way to cope with stress?

a) alcoholism

b) aggression

c) fantasy

d) withdrawal

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

168) An unconscious function of the ego that protects it from anxiety-evoking material by preventing accurate recognition of the material is ______.

a) a defense mechanism

b) an abreaction

c) compensation

d) the libido

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

169) Defense mechanisms are ______.

a) only used by mentally distressed or mentally ill people

b) only used by people with no stress

c) used by everyone

d) problematic whenever they are used

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

170) Ivan refuses to admit that he suffers from alcoholism. When confronted with evidence of his problem, he dismisses it as completely untrue, and claims everyone else is just overreacting to his desire to “have a little fun once in a while.” Ivan’s behavior is most typical of someone using the defense mechanism of ______.

a) projection

b) identification

c) a reaction formation

d) denial

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

171) Drug use ______.

a) provides energy to help people better cope with stress

b) provides long-term relief from the depression that often results from stress

c) blunts awareness of sources of stress but fails to resolve the underlying problem

d) helps to lower the aggressive responses that sometimes accompany stress

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

172) Each of the following is true of the use of aggression to cope with stress EXCEPT ______.

a) it can become a source of stress all by itself

b) it can lower stress by establishing a sense of control over a situation

c) it can damage relationships

d) it can heighten interpersonal conflict by creating motives for retaliation

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

173) Each of the following is discussed in your text as a way to turn down the level of stress in your life EXCEPT ______.

a) don’t bite off more than you can chew

b) reduce daily hassles

c) reduce self-efficacy expectations

d) develop time management skills

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

174) ______ been shown to buffer the impact of stress.

a) Neither giving nor receiving emotional support has

b) Giving, but not receiving, emotional support has

c) Receiving, but not giving, emotional support has

d) Both giving and receiving emotional support have

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

175) Which of the following is true of stress and exercise?

a) Regular exercise has not been shown to relieve stress.

b) Even mild levels of exercise can relieve stress.

c) Moderate levels of exercise are required to relieve stress

d) High levels of strenuous exercise are necessary to relieve stress.

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

176) Which of the following has NOT been shown to significantly reduce the impact of a stressor, even when effective action is not possible?

a) relaxation

b) denial

c) changing stressful thoughts

d) exercise

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

177) One of the BEST ways to deal with stressful thoughts is to ______.

a) go with the feeling generated by those thoughts

b) construct rational alternative thoughts

c) carry those thoughts to their logical extremes

d) repress your feelings

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

178) Meditation and progressive relaxation are both ______.

a) methods for developing an external locus of control

b) methods to develop lower perceived self-efficacy

c) defensive coping methods

d) methods to lower excessive bodily arousal

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

179) Alan is trying to lower his bodily arousal by focusing on relaxing, repetitive stimuli, and thereby narrowing his consciousness so that the outside world seems to "fade away." This technique is called ______.

a) meditation

b) withdrawal

c) biofeedback

d) progressive relaxation

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

180) Sitting quietly and thinking only of the word relax is a form of ______.

a) meditation

b) biofeedback

c) progressive relaxation

d) situational reconstruction

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

181) In many people, transcendental meditation produces ______.

a) hypermetabolism

b) increased anxiety

c) a relaxation response

d) sleep disorders

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

182) A form of meditation long practiced by Buddhist monks is ______ meditation.

a) transcendental

b) mindfulness

c) tao

d) reincarnate

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

183) The biological response produced by meditation is typified by a ______ heart rate and ______ blood pressure.

a) lower; lower

b) higher; lower

c) lower; higher

d) higher; higher

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

184) Meditators show more frequent ______ waves in their brain activity

a) beta

b) theta

c) delta

d) alpha

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

185) Brain waves associated with feelings of relaxation are ______ waves.

a) alpha

b) beta

c) theta

d) delta

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

186) Which of the following is NOT a way to enhance the effectiveness of your meditation efforts?

a) adopt an active control attitude

b) if disruptive thoughts enter your mind, allow them to “pass through”

c) create a quiet, nondisruptive environment

d) avoid caffeine for at least two hours beforehand

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

187) Jacobson found that when people are under stress, they ______.

a) resort to fantasy to escape it

b) tense their muscles

c) become less aware of their environment

d) develop increased needs for sleep

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

188) People learn to lower their muscle tension, one muscle group at a time, through the process of ______.

a) biofeedback

b) systematic desensitization

c) progressive relaxation

d) diaphragmatic breathing

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

189) Jacob is trying to lower his stress by sitting quietly, breathing deeply, and tensing different groups of muscles for a few seconds then relaxing them completely. The method he is using is ______.

a) hypnosis

b) meditation

c) progressive muscle relaxation

d) biofeedback

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: True-False

190) In psychology, stress is a physical or psychological pressure or force exerted on a body.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

191) Some stress is necessary to keep us alert and occupied.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

192) According to a recent national survey by the American Psychological Association, more than one in three Americans report having headaches as a result of stress and more than one in four say stress causes indigestion.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

193) Uplifts are the opposite of major life changes.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

194) There are no nerve endings for pain in the brain.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

195) For many people in the United States, pain is a major adjustment problem.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

196) Men are more likely than women to experience pain.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

197) Analgesics are similar to the narcotic morphine.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

198) Our own bodies produce chemicals called endorphins that are similar in function to the narcotic morphine.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

199) Prostaglandins help to reduce pain by locking into the receptor sites in the nervous system that normally receive pain messages.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

200) Ignoring pain and diverting one's attention enhance the ability to cope with pain.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

201) Traditional acupuncture reduces pain by balancing the body’s flow of energy.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

202) In psychology, frustration is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions at once.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

203) All forms of conflict entail motives that aim in opposite directions.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

204) Those with a Type B behavior pattern are highly driven, competitive, impatient, and aggressive.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

205) Those with a Type B behavior pattern are just as competitive and driven as those with a Type A behavior pattern.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

206) High noise levels can lead to health problems.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

207) Hot temperatures make us hot under the collar; that is, they prompt aggression.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

208) At very hot temperatures, aggressive behavior begins to decline as people become motivated to simply escape the heat.

Difficulty: Hard

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

209) People usually sit and stand closer to others who are similar to themselves in age, race, or socioeconomic status.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

210) The fight-or-flight reaction occurs during the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

211) The thalamus is essential to the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

212) The hypothalamus secretes a number of hormones referred to as corticosteroids.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

213) During the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, levels of endocrine and sympathetic nervous system activity are lower than normal.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

214) During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is dominant.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

215) People with low self-efficacy expectations recovery more quickly from traumatic or calamitous events.

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

216) Psychologically hardy people are more resistant to stress because they learn how to avoid it.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

217) The ability to predict a stressor moderates its impact.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

218) Psychological hardiness is linked to an external locus of control.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

219) Stress management seeks to eliminate stress from your life.

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

220) Defensive coping reduces the immediate impact of a stressor.

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

221) Defensive methods for managing stress aim to manipulate the environment to remove stressors

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

222) Meditators produce more beta waves than others do.

Difficulty: Hard

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: Essay

223) Define stress and identify the various sources of stress discussed in the text.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

224) Compare and contrast daily hassles and life changes and explain how each of them affects us.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

225) Discuss what pain and discomfort are, how they are transmitted to the brain, and how they affect us.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

226) Identify and briefly discuss physiological and psychological methods of pain management.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

227) Compare and contrast frustration and conflict, identifying the four types of conflict discussed in the text.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

228) Explain Ellis’s A-B-C model and discuss how irrational beliefs affect one’s stress levels and one’s ability to deal with stress.

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Knowledge

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: Essay

229) Compare and contrast Type A and Type B behavior patterns, and explain how Type A behavior patterns affect us.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

230) Identify and briefly discuss the various environmental stressors and how they affect us.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify the various sources of stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Sources of Stress: Stress in America

Question type: Essay

231) Discuss what self-efficacy expectations are and how they affect us.

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: Essay

232) Explain what psychological hardiness is and discuss how it helps us cope with stress.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

Question type: Essay

233) Explain how control, predictability, humor, and social support can help people cope with stress.

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective 1: Identify factors that help us tolerate stress

Standard 1: Bloom's || Application

Section Reference 1: Factors Influencing Tolerance of Stress

Question type: Essay

234) Compare defensive coping with active coping in terms of their types, uses, and advantages and disadvantages.

Difficulty: Medium

Standard 1: Bloom's || Analysis

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: Essay

235) Explain what meditation is, how it works, and summarize research findings on its effectiveness.

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

Question type: Essay

236) Describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome and discuss the role of the endocrine system in this process.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

Question type: Essay

237) Identify the various parts of the autonomic nervous system and explain their role in the body's response to stress.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

Question type: Essay

238) Describe the functions of the immune system and explain the effects of stress on the immune system.

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the effects of stress on the body, including the effects of stress on the immune system

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: The Body’s Response to Stress

Question type: Essay

239) Explain what progressive muscle relaxation is and how it works.

Difficulty: Easy

Standard 1: Bloom's || Comprehension

Section Reference 1: Coping with Stress

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Aug 21, 2025

Chapter Name:

Chapter 4 Psychological Factors And Health

Author:

Spencer A. Rathus

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