Postscript Which Test? Ch.21 Test Questions & Answers 11e

MULTIPLE‑CHOICE TEST ITEMS

CHAPTER 21

POSTSCRIPT: WHICH TEST?

21.1 When attempting to identify the appropriate hypothesis test, first decide whether observations are

a) true or false.

b) common or rare.

c) quantitative or qualitative.

d) exact or approximate.

21.2 When observations are qualitative, the appropriate test is

a) z.

b) t.

c) F.

d) chi-square.

21.3 When you are attempting to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data on the basis of original observations, focus on

a) numerical summaries.

b) key words.

c) important assumptions.

d) a single observation.

21.4 When quantitative observations are paired, the appropriate t test depends on whether there is a concern about

a) one or two groups.

b) a mean difference or a correlation.

c) a hypothesis test or a confidence interval.

d) descriptive or inferential statistics.

21.5 An educator wishes to determine whether extra computer instruction on quantitative reasoning increases the math achievement scores of fourth graders. After being matched on the basis of IQ, random assignment dictates who, in each matched pair of fourth graders, receives extra computer instruction. Differences between mean scores on the math achievement test should be analyzed with a

a) t for one sample.

b) t for two independent samples.

c) t for two related samples.

d) t for correlation coefficient.

21.6 On the basis of their applications for admission, one hundred college freshmen are randomly assigned, in equal numbers, to room with sophomore students having either similar or dissimilar vocational goals. At the end of their freshman year, differences between the GPAs for the resulting two groups of freshmen should be analyzed with a t test for

a) one sample.

b) two independent samples.

c) two related samples.

d) a correlation coefficient.

21.7 A psychologist wishes to determine whether, for a group of college students seeking personal counseling, mental health scores increase because of an intensive therapeutic session lasting an entire weekend. Differences between pre- and post-workshop scores should be analyzed with a t test for

a) one sample.

b) two independent samples.

c) two related samples.

d) a correlation coefficient.

21.8 Another psychologist objects to the previous investigation, claiming that it lacks a control for the placebo effect. Instead, the psychologist proposes that pre- and post-workshop scores should be compared for not one but two randomly assigned groups of students: one group receiving the intensive therapeutic workshop and the other group receiving an intensive, non-therapeutic workshop. Differences between these two groups should be evaluated with a t test for

a) one sample.

b) two independent samples.

c) two related samples.

d) a correlation coefficient.

21.9 Clocked speeds of randomly selected motorists are compared with the posted speed limit of 65 miles per hour. The appropriate statistical test is a t test for

a) one sample.

b) two independent samples.

c) two related samples.

d) a correlation coefficient.

21.10 Comparisons are made between the clocked speeds of randomly selected cars with and without passengers. The appropriate statistical test is a t test for

a) one sample.

b) two independent samples.

c) two related samples.

d) a correlation coefficient.

21.11 A student wishes to determine whether a sample of creative people are more likely to be left-handed than right-handed. The appropriate test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for two related samples.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.12 A vocational counselor wishes to compare the scores on a paper-and-pencil test of anxiety for groups of physicians, lawyers, and accountants. The appropriate test is a

a) one-factor F.

b) two-factor F.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.13 A medical researcher compares the blood pressure readings for a group of high-risk patients both before and after the administration of a new drug designed to lower blood pressure. The appropriate test is a

a) one-variable chi-square.

b) two-variable chi-square.

c) t for two independent samples.

d) t for two related samples.

21.14 Groups of schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics are compared based on whether they show a strong or weak startle reactions to unexpected loud noises. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for two related samples.

c) one-variable chi square.

d) two-variable chi square.

21.15 Groups of schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics are compared based on the total number of trials, to a maximum of thirty, before the strength of each individual's startle reaction to loud noises diminishes below some predetermined value. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for two related samples.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.16 Groups of schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics are compared based on the total number of trials, to a maximum of thirty, before the strength of each individual's startle reaction to loud noises diminishes below some predetermined value. Each group is relatively small and, furthermore, an inspection of the obtained scores (total number of trials before the startle reaction drops below some value) reveals a serious violation of normality. Now the appropriate statistical test is a

a) Mann-Whitney U.

b) Wilcoxon T.

c) Kruskal-Wallis H.

d) none of the above

21.17 Differences between the clocked speeds of randomly selected motorists, categorized as either youthful, mature, or elderly (on the basis of visual appearance), should be analyzed with a

a) one-factor F.

b) two-factor F.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.18 Differences between the clocked speeds of randomly selected motorists who are cross-classified, in equal numbers, on the basis of estimated age (youthful or mature) and number of passengers (none or at least one) should be analyzed with a

a) one-factor F.

b) two-factor F.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.19 An instructor wishes to determine whether daytime students of introductory statistics have higher mean exam scores than their nighttime counterparts. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for two related samples.

c) one-factor F.

d) one-variable chi-square.

21.20 Another instructor wishes to determine whether, among students of introductory statistics, psychology majors tend to earn more letter grades of A and fewer grades below A than do non-psychology majors do. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for two related samples.

c) two-factor F.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.21 An investigator wishes to determine whether there is a relationship between highest educational level of adults (grade school, high school, or college) and attitude toward the use of animals in research (pro, neutral, or against). The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for correlation coefficient.

b) one-factor F.

c) two-factor F.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.22 A health educator wishes to determine whether overweight college students tend to lose more weight during a one-year period depending on whether they are males or females and whether they were randomly assigned to a group weight-reduction program, patterned after Weight Watchers, or a customized weight-reduction program. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) one-factor F.

b) two-factor F.

c) one-variable chi-square

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.23 A political scientist wishes to determine whether there is a relationship between scores on tests of anxiety and of dogmatism for a random sample of college students. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two related samples.

b) t for correlation coefficient.

c) two-factor F.

d) two-variable chi-square.

21.24 Attempting to establish whether Shakespeare could have written an unsigned manuscript, a literary investigator compares the mean sentence length from the unsigned manuscript (viewed as a sample) with the mean sentence length for all of Shakespeare's known manuscripts (viewed as a population). The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for one sample.

b) t for correlation coefficient.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) none of the above

21.25 A medical investigator wishes to determine if adults with high cholesterol scores tend to reduce their cholesterol scores differently depending on whether they were randomly assigned to undergo a six-month program involving either medication, diet, or both medication and diet. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) one-variable chi-square.

b) two-variable chi-square.

c) one-factor F.

d) two-factor F.

21.26 To determine whether felonies tend to be committed more often on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) than on weekdays (Monday through Friday), a sociologist classifies a random sample of records of convicted felons in terms of these two categories. The appropriate statistical test is a

a) t for two independent samples.

b) t for correlation coefficient.

c) one-variable chi-square.

d) two-factor F.