Population Health Chapter 5 Test Bank Answers

Jonas & Kovner’s Health Care Delivery in the United States, 12^th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 5, Population Health

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Population health considers influences on health that occur

A. In residential care facilities

B. Outside the health care system

C. In old age

D. Within the immunized population

1. What is the goal of the population health model?

A. To explain the causes of systemic health differences between different groups

B. To improve health care quality

C. To reduce health care costs

D. To help educate health care professionals

1. Population health scientists consider income, education, employment, social support, and culture to be determinants of health in which of the following domains?

A. The physical environment

B. Genetics

C. Health-related behaviors

D. The social and economic environment

1. The possibility that being unhealthy can reduce or limit an individual’s income is an example of which construct?

A. The medical model

B. The population health model

C. Reverse causality

D. Multiple determinants of health

1. Unlike the population health model, the medical model does which of the following?

A. Seeks to explain the interaction between the social and economic environments

B. Focuses on how different biological systems within the individual interact

C. Promotes the use of health information technology (HIT)

D. Studies health differences between groups

1. Efforts to solve the problem of tobacco use with cessation counseling and nicotine replacement reflect which approach to health?

A. The population health model

B. Reverse causality

C. The medical model

D. Cross-sectoral collaboration

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Policy makers increasingly recognize that the factors contributing to physical and mental health include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A. Education and income

B. Genetics

C. Behavior

D. Health professionals’ compensation

E. Environmental exposures

1. Population health scientists consider the physical environment to include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A. Urban design and housing

B. Availability of healthy foods

C. Access to primary care

D. Safe food and water

1. Which of the following are true about health care? Select all that apply.

A. Health care is reactive, responding to abnormality, disease, or injury

B. Health care has traditionally been delivered in acute episodes

C. Health care places less value on efforts to promote health or prevent illness and injury

D. Health care has brought U.S. life expectancies to the highest level among peer nations

1. The population health model will examine which of the following in a consideration of the epidemic of obesity? Select all that apply.

A. A patient’s family history, diet, and physical activity

B. The density of fast-food restaurants in low-income neighborhoods

C. Subsidized school lunches with high caloric and fat content

D. The decrease in physical education classes in schools

1. In the population health framework, interventions in the obesity epidemic might include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A. Zoning law changes

B. Laboratory tests to rule out hormonal causes

C. Menu labeling

D. Educational policies that encourage healthy food choices and physical activity

1. Which of the following are ways in which educational attainment may influence healthy choices and therefore better health? Select all that apply.

A. People with more schooling may better understand the importance of specific healthy behaviors

B. Higher educational attainment may lead to higher-paying jobs and greater economic security

C. Jobs requiring more education may offer healthier working conditions and better benefits

D. Better-educated people are more likely to travel for pleasure

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The negative interaction between the physical environment and social determinants related to poverty is a topic of which area of research?

A. Reverse causality

B. Neighborhood effects

C. Environmental exposures

D. Multiple determinants of health

1. Two of the most predictive factors of life expectancy are income and which of the following?

A. Family history

B. Neighborhood effects

C. Level of education

D. Gender

1. At every level of educational attainment, adults who smoke and do not exercise are less likely to be in very good health than adults who exercise and do not smoke. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of this fact?

A. Behavior and education both affect health

B. Smoking is an unhealthy behavior

C. Education leads to higher income

D. Smoking is an example of a neighborhood effect

1. Evidence suggests that to decrease Black-White differences in income, education, and unemployment, policy makers should work to do which of the following?

A. Eliminate neighborhood effects

B. Reduce or eliminate residential segregation

C. Eliminate the stress caused by discrimination

D. Publicize racial disparities in health

1. Interconnected social categorizations such as race, gender, and class result in overlapping systems of discrimination and disadvantage. This result is called

A. Reverse causality

B. The population model

C. The dose-response effect

D. Intersectionality

1. Medical errors account for what percent of U.S. deaths each year?

A. Less than 1%

B. Between 2% and 4%

C. About 5%

D. Just under 8%

1. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which of the following is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

A. Poor diet

B. Lack of physical exercise

C. Smoking

D. Cancer

1. What portion of the funds the United States spends on health care each year is attributable to preventable diseases?

A. One-third

B. One-quarter

C. One-half

D. Two-thirds

SHORT ANSWER

1. List the policy recommendations for improving health that were developed by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America.
2. Describe the population health model’s view of investment and policy decisions.
3. Briefly discuss the results of recent research on the leading causes of U.S. deaths.
4. Describe the effects of racial discrimination on health.
5. Explain the concept of a “health dividend.”

ESSAY

1. Discuss ways to finance sustainable population health interventions in the United States.
2. Using the population health model, list and describe the determinants of social and physical environmental domains that synergistically contribute to obesity.
3. Describe the results of research on the stress response and its negative impact on health.