Chapter 5: Police Organization: Structure and Functions

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following criminal justice officials of early England were elected court officers whose duties included oversight of the interests of the Crown?

A. sheriff

B. constable

C. coroner

D. justice of the peace

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

2. In early England, the sheriff was responsible for which of the following tasks?

A. He maintained law and order in the tithings.

B. He presided over court proceedings of civil disputes.

C. He collected taxes and served as magistrate.

D. He conducted preliminary hearings to determine cause of death and the party responsible for it.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following were among the duties of the constable in early England?

A. He maintained law and order in the tithings.

B. He presided over court proceedings of civil disputes.

C. He collected taxes and served as magistrate.

D. He conducted preliminary hearings to determine cause of death and the party responsible for it.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following positions became the only one to pursue felons when the county militia turned more to matters of defense during the reign of Edward I?

A. coroner

B. constable

C. justice of the peace

D. sheriff

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

5. Why did the role of constable fall into disfavor in the American colonies?

A. The office was rife with corruption and abuse of power.

B. Most constables were untrained and believed to be unqualified as law officials.

C. The functions were already being performed by sheriffs and justices of the peace.

D. The role of constable was too great a reminder of the heavy hand of government the colonists were attempting to avoid.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the early criminal justice officials of the American colonies would have determined cause of death and the party responsible for it?

A. justice of the peace

B. sheriff

C. constable

D. coroner

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

7. Which early criminal justice official’s authority to grant bail to felons led to corruption and criticism?

A. justice of the peace

B. sheriff

C. constable

D. coroner

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

8. How does the position of justice of the peace differ between England and the United States?

A. The position has always been widely respected in England; it has generally been subject to corruption in the United States.

B. The jurisdiction of authority is limited to criminal cases in England, while it has both civil and criminal jurisdiction in the United States.

C. A law degree is required to hold the position in England; a law degree is not required in the United States.

D. The position is roughly the same in both England and the United States.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

9. The London police are nicknamed “bobbies” because of the ______.

A. belief that “the police are the public, and the public are the police”

B. role the London police played in dispersing rioters

C. man who established the first police force in London

D. jurisdictions where the officers served

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

10. What was the main purpose of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?

A. It allowed the use of a merit system for the hiring of police officers.

B. It allocated funding to municipal police agencies across the United States.

C. It established a full-time preventive police force in New York City.

D. It created a police force to combat urban problems.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

11. The selection process of police officers during the political era encouraged selection based on the candidate’s ______.

A. education

B. experience

C. desire to serve the community

D. relationship with the alderman.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

12. During which era did police corruption surface due to close ties between police and politicians?

A. the reform era

B. the political era

C. the community era

D. the homeland security era

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

13. Civil service systems were created to ______.

A. encourage more people to join the police force

B. eliminate ward influences in hiring and firing police officers

C. create disciplinary system for corrupt police officers

D. allow police officers to more efficiently patrol their beats

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

14. During which era of policing were civil service systems created?

A. the political era

B. the reform era

C. the community era

D. the crime control era

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

15. Why did some police departments in the reform era prohibit officers from residing in neighborhoods where they patrolled?

A. to isolate officers from potential political influences

B. to make officers more familiar with the entire municipality

C. to expand the “rolling fortress” of police protection

D. to enhance the “thin blue line” of police protection

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

16. Which individual is credited with shaping the development of police professionalism during the reform era?

A. John Augustus

B. Cesare Becarria

C. August Vollmer

D. Arnold Comte

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

17. Which of the following occurred during Vollmer’s tenure?

A. The first Metropolitan Police Act of London was created.

B. Psychology was used to anticipate criminal behavior.

C. Officers were prohibited from patrolling on bikes.

D. The police’s ability to use wiretaps was limited.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

18. The community era’s policing strategy focused on ______.

A. filling huge vacancies in the police officer ranks.

B. encouraging officers to engage more in social work rather than law enforcement

C. combating political patronage and rampant corruption that took root during the reform era

D. training police officers to consider the underlying causes of crime on their beats

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

19. During which era was there greater emphasis placed on numbers of arrests, citations, and response times?

A. the reform era

B. the community era

C. the political era

D. the homeland security era

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

20. Which of the following occurred during the community era?

A. Police agencies refocused their service orientation to take more crime-related calls.

B. Police agencies were given grant funding to increase response times for service calls.

C. The police were trained to work with the community to customize solutions to local crime problems.

D. The police were given more take-home vehicles to avoid wear and tear on their personal vehicles.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

21. The Secret Service falls under which federal department?

A. Department of Homeland Security

B. Department of Justice

C. Department of Interior

D. Department of Agriculture

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

22. Which Department of Homeland Security agency is responsible for preventing terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United States?

A. Secret Service

B. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

C. Federal Protective Service

D. Customs and Border Protection

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

23. Which of the following is the newest federal agency?

A. Department of Homeland Security

B. Federal Bureau of Investigation

C. Drug Enforcement Administration

D. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

24. Which of the following agencies is responsible for identifying and closing weak spots in the nation's borders as well as in economic, transportation, and infrastructure security?

A. The Secret Service

B. Transportation Security Administration

C. U.S. Customs and Border Protection

D. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Medium

25. Which federal agency is responsible for the investigation of counterfeiting, financial institution fraud, and computer-based attacks on the financial infrastructure of the United States?

A. Secret Service

B. U.S. Customs and Border Protection

C. Federal Deposit Insurance Agency

D. Federal Bureau of Investigation

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following is an international crime-fighting organization?

A. TSA

B. INTERPOL

C. CBP

D. INTERCEPT

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following best describes a function of INTERPOL and its agents?

A. They conduct regular patrols.

B. They arrest individuals.

C. They gather intelligence.

D. They prosecute individuals.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of the following best describes the Department of Justice?

A. Its main priority is to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks.

B. It is the legal arm of the U.S. government.

C. It is the state-level law enforcement agency.

D. Its operations are based outside the authority of the federal government.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

29. The Federal Bureau of Investigation was created and funded through which of the following?

A. Department of Homeland Security

B. Department of Justice

C. INTERPOL

D. U.S. Marshals Service

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following is a top priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

A. protect the United States from terrorist attack

B. protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage

C. protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes

D. provide a complete change of identity for members of the Witness Protection Program

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

31. Which federal agency was responsible for capturing bootleggers during Prohibition?

A. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

B. Drug Enforcement Administration

C. U.S. Marshals Service

D. U.S. Secret Service

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

32. Which organization is primarily responsible for controlled substance and narcotics enforcement at the federal level?

A. U.S. Marshals Service

B. U.S. Secret Service

C. Central Intelligence Agency

D. Drug Enforcement Administration

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

33. Which federal agency has a criminal investigation division that employs “accountants with a badge”?

A. Internal Revenue Service

B. Central Intelligence Agency

C. Department of Homeland Security

D. Drug Enforcement Administration

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

34. Which state-level agencies are responsible for providing technical support to local agencies, such as laboratory analysis or record services?

A. State bureaus of investigation

B. State departments of public safety

C. State highway patrol divisions

D. State attorney general investigators

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

35. When compared to highway patrol, state police organizations typically perform ______.

A. tasks that are broader in scope

B. tasks that are narrowing in scope

C. more traffic-related tasks

D. more roadway emergency tasks

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

36. In Hawaii, a single state-level agency includes a law enforcement division, a corrections division, and a victim compensation commission. This collective would be designated as which type of organization?

A. public safety

B. bureau of investigation

C. police

D. highway patrol

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

37. Which of the following are investigative units that are trained for a specific law enforcement area?

A. state police

B. state bureau of investigation

C. special-purpose state agency

D. highway patrol

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

38. A special-purpose state agency would be most likely to investigate ______.

A. criminal cases

B. highway accidents

C. civil cases

D. unlawful alcohol distribution

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

39. What delineates the functions of state-level agencies?

A. federal law

B. municipal police commissions

C. state statues

D. state bureau of investigation

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

40. Which state-level agency is considered the state-level equivalent to the FBI?

A. state bureau of investigation

B. state department of public safety

C. state highway patrol

D. state attorney general investigator

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

41. Which state-level agency’s primary function is typically to patrol and investigate crashes on state roads?

A. state bureau of investigation

B. state department of public safety

C. state highway patrol

D. state attorney general investigator

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

42. Agents in the state bureaus of investigation typically report to which of the following?

A. state attorney general

B. state highway patrol

C. state department of public safety

D. state police organization

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Easy

43. Agents that are trained to enforce the fish and game laws in a particular state would be considered part of which group?

A. special-purpose state agency

B. state department of public safety

C. state highway patrol

D. state bureau of investigation

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

44. Which operational element of local police agencies is considered the “backbone” of policing?

A. investigations

B. patrol

C. communications

D. records

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Easy

45. Unlike sheriff’s departments, most employees at municipal police departments are ______.

A. women

B. sworn officers

C. minorities

D. required to attend college

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

46. What functions might a sheriff’s department serve that a municipal police department does not?

A. investigate crimes

B. maintain order

C. serve as bailiff

D. enforce laws

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Easy

47. County correctional institutions are most often maintained and staffed by which department or agency?

A. sheriff’s department

B. municipal police

C. special-purpose state agency

B. state department of public safety

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Easy

48. Which department or agency typically collects certain taxes or payments for the county?

A. special-purpose state agency

B. municipal police

C. sheriff’s department

D. state department of public safety

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Easy

49. Greater specialization and variety of assignments seen in the organizational structure of larger police organizations allows for which of the following?

A. holds those who have been delegated to responsible for their tasks

B. apportions the workload among members according to a logical plan

C. ensures that lines of authority are flexible

D. allows a single unit to work harmoniously to accomplish a mission

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Easy

50. When compared with municipal police departments, members serving as part of the sheriff’s department are more likely to ______.

A. wear body armor

B. wear plainclothes

C. have in-car computer systems

D. have lower levels of education

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

51. When compared to sheriff’s departments, members of the municipal police departments are more likely to ______.

A. wear plainclothes

B. hold a 2-year degree

C. have a lower start wage

B. be sworn personnel

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

52. Which of the following refers to a common element that is generally required of all law enforcement positions?

A. successful completion of a medical examination

B. ability to carry a firearm

C. successful completion of basic training

D. ability to relocate

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

53. Which of the following is generally required as a condition of placement in a law enforcement position?

A. have U.S. citizenship

B. be thirty-seven years of age or older

C. successfully complete a drug test

D. disclose chronic medical conditions that may impair performance

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

54. Which of the following would prohibit a potential officer from carrying a firearm?

A. failed written examination

B. failed medical examination

C. being convicted of domestic violence

D. being younger than thirty seven years of age

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

55. An employment requirement that typically takes four to six months to complete is ______.

A. writing samples

B. background investigation

C. basic training program

D. relocation and mobility

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

56. Which of the following employment requirements typically requires a candidate to examine situational questions that are posed verbally by a board of assessors?

A. writing sample assessment

B. background investigation

C. basic training program

D. structured oral interview

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

57. At which level of law enforcment may agents receive a bonus for signing a mobility agreement?

A. municipal

B. state

C. federal

D. international

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

58. Which of the following agencies may require candidates to be younger than 37 years of age?

A. state highway patrol

B. municipal police department

C. county sheriff’s department

D. U.S. Marshals service

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

59. A minimum qualification for working in law enforcement may be that the candidate ______.

A. holds a 4-year degree.

B. passes basic training.

C. must be older 37 years of age

D. earned a 4.0 grade point average in school

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

60. Which of the following describes private security firms hired by a company to provide security services for a fee?

A. contract services

B. proprietary services

C. security guards

D. security consultants

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

61. Which of the following is an example of contracted private police security?

A. A grocery store chain hires a company to provide their stores with security guards.

B. A locally owned bank hires an individual to be their security guard.

C. A celebrity hires a body guard to accompany them to a heavily publicized event.

D. A person hires a private investigator to follow his or her partner.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Hard

62. Which of the following is true of private security personnel?

A. They are not bound by Miranda provisions regarding suspects’ rights as sworn police officers.

B. They have the same arrest authority as sworn police officers.

C. They attend the same academies and have the same training as sworn police officers.

D. They are not bound by use of force policies like sworn police officers.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

63. Which of the following is true about private security and private police personnel?

A. Private security officers are less likely to use excessive force than public police officers.

B. Private security officers are not legally allowed to carry firearms while on duty.

C. Private security officers often receive little training compared to public police officers.

D. Private security officers undergo extensive criminal background checks.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

64. In which industry did private policing first emerge?

A. grocery stores

B. banks

C. railroads

D. retail establishments

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

65. The United States has become especially mindful of security concerning all facets of life ever since ______.

A. World War II

B. the Cold War

C. 9/11

D. the Boston Marathon bombing

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

66. Which of the following has spurred businesses, industries, and institutions to seek out private police security?

A. low cost of private security

B. limited capabilities of sworn officers

C. increased size of municipalities

D. higher likelihood of victimizations than in the past

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

67. Which of the following is an example of proprietary private police security?

A. A grocery store chain hires a company to provide their stores with security guards.

B. A bank hires an organization to provide around-the-clock security.

C. A celebrity contracts with a company to provide personal protection overnight.

D. A retail store hires several individuals to be part of their security department.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Hard

68. Which of the following refers to for-profit firms or individuals who provide security services?

A. private security

B. proprietary services

C. contract services

D. public security

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Easy

69. Which of the following is true related to private security and private police personnel?

A. Private security officers are more likely to use excessive force than public police officers.

B. Private security officers have similar powers to arrest as public police.

C. Private security officers often receive extensive training compared to public police officers.

D. Private security officers are not bound by the Miranda decision as public police officers are.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

70. When compared to public officers, studies have shown that the people employed in private security positions typically have ______.

A. lower levels of motivation

B. less training

C. a decreased likelihood of carrying weapons

D. been required to pass a background check

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Today, the coroner determines the causes of all deaths by violence or under suspicious circumstances.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

2. The office of the Justice of the Peace was criticized in the 16th century because of the wealthy landowners who were able to buy their way into office.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

3. The first police force was established in London after the passage of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Easy

4. Despite the efforts of reformers, police corruption increased dramatically during the reform era.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Easy

5. The community era of policing implemented research findings that found traditional methods of policing were ineffective, such as reducing response times and increased calls for service.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

6. Among the duties of the U.S. Secret Service is to investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, such as financial institution fraud, computer fraud, and identify theft.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Medium

7. INTERPOL employs officers that investigate and arrest individuals in every country of the world.

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

8. One of the top priorities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is to protect the United States against cyber-attacks and high-technology crimes.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

9. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is prohibited from monitoring Internet sites, churches and political organizations, nor can its agents attend public meetings for the purpose of preventing terrorism.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

10. The Internal Revenue Service is considered the most clandestine government service.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Easy

11. Proponents of adopting a national police force in the United States argue that such a system would allow easier data sharing and be less costly than the current decentralized system.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

12. State public safety agencies tend to perform general police functions such as highway patrol, traffic control, and crash investigations.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

13. Unlike their federal contemporaries, officers of state bureaus of investigation are uniformed investigators.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

14. The first private security operation was established to ensure railway security.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Easy

15. The most common security services provided in the United States include contract guards, alarm services, and armored-car services.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. What were the four primary criminal justice officials in early England that were adopted in American and still exist (or existed until recently)?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

2. Why were the London police formed in the early 1800s?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe how policing began in England, to include the four major police-related offices that evolved and came to America.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: English and Colonial Roots: An OverviewDifficulty Level: Medium

3. Describe how political considerations could work against corrupt officers during the political era.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

4. What does it mean that policing during the reform era was “driven by numbers”?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

5. Why was policing described as the “thin blue line”?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Explain the duties and functions of selected federal law enforcement agencies and the departments into which they are organized.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Law EnforcementDifficulty Level: Medium

6. In what ways was the formation of the Department of Homeland Security the most significant transformation of the U.S. government in more than 50 years?

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

7. What types of responsibilities are generally tasked to state police agencies?

Learning Objective: 5-4: Delineate the various types of specialized functions that are found in state law enforcement agencies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State AgenciesDifficulty Level: Medium

8. What is INTERPOL’s cardinal rule?

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Easy

9. What is the difference between proprietary and contract services in the private security/police industry?

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

10. Describe two concerns associated with arming private security officers.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Describe the selection of police officers in 1840s New York.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Medium

2. What is the difference between the U.S. Customs and Border Protection agency and the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Discuss the three eras of policing and August Vollmer’s major contributions to advancing early policing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Policing Comes to the United StatesDifficulty Level: Hard

3. What are the arguments in support of or against a national police force?

Learning Objective: 5-5: Distinguish between the functions of municipal police and county sheriff’s agencies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Local Agencies: Municipal Police and Sheriff’s DepartmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

4. What is the primary purpose and function of INTERPOL?

Learning Objective: 5-6: Describe the basic qualifications and attributes for one to obtain a career in a law enforcement agency.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interested in a Career? Some General ConsiderationsDifficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain the development of private policing and its current status and issues.

Learning Objective: 5-7: Explain how and why private policing was developed, and the contemporary purposes and issues of the private police.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: On Guard: The Private PoliceDifficulty Level: Medium