Plant Life Cycle Fruits and Seeds Test Bank Answers Ch.6

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 6 Plant Life Cycle: Fruits and Seeds

1) Which of the following is not one of the pericarp layers?

A) mesocarp

B) exocarp

C) metacarp

D) endocarp

E) All of the above are correct.

2) You discover a fleshy fruit with a thin exocarp, fleshy mesocarp, and hard stony endocarp. What type of fruit have you discovered?

A) pome

B) hesperidium

C) pepo

D) berry

E) drupe

3) Which of the following is correct?

A) A berry has a thin exocarp, a soft, fleshy mesocarp, and an endocarp enclosing one to many seeds (e.g., tomatoes).

B) A hesperidium is a berry with a tough leathery rind (e.g., oranges).

C) A pepo is a specialized berry with a tough outer rind (consisting of both receptacle tissue and exocarp), such as pumpkins, melons, and cucumbers.

D) A drupe has a thin exocarp, a fleshy mesocarp, and a hard, stony endocarp that encases the seed (e.g., cherries, plums).

E) All of the above are correct.

4) You discover a fleshy fruit with a tough, leathery rind and internal juice sacs each containing a single seed. You have discovered a

A) pome.

B) hesperidium.

C) pepo.

D) berry.

E) drupe.

5) You discover an indehiscent dry fruit that does not split open. It has a single seed that is free within the pericarp. How would your fruit be classified?

A) follicle

B) achene

C) grain

D) legume

E) capsule

6) You discover a fleshy fruit that developed from a single flower with multiple carpels. How would you classify your fleshy fruit?

A) aggregate fruit

B) drupe

C) pepo

D) multiple fruit

E) pome

7) Multiple fruits result from which of the following?

A) fusion of ovaries from many separate flowers on an inflorescence

B) separation of one ovum into many ovules

C) fusion of dehiscent follicles

D) separation of capsules into many inflorescences

E) None of the above are correct.

8) A strawberry is classified as which of the following?

A) a berry

B) a pome

C) an aggregate fruit

D) an achene

E) More than one of these fruit types are correct.

9) Corn seed is classified as which of the following?

A) achene

B) grain or caryopsis

C) multiple fruit

D) drupe

E) berry

10) Zucchini squash is classified as which of the following?

A) pome

B) hesperidium

C) pepo

D) berry

E) vegetable not a fruit

11) The defining difference between monocots and dicots is which of the following?

A) the number of flower parts

B) the vein pattern

C) the root type

D) number of cotyledons

E) their type of flower parts

12) Which of the following best describes a dicot seed?

A) two thin cotyledons, abundant endosperm, and a coleoptile

B) one large, thick cotyledon, very little endosperm, and a hilum

C) one thin cotyledon, abundant endosperm, and a coleorhiza

D) two large, thick cotyledons, abundant endosperm, and a micropyle

E) None of the above correctly describes a dicot seed.

13) All of the following structures are visible in monocot seeds except one. Choose the exception.

A) scutellum

B) radicle

C) coleoptile

D) coleorhiza

E) micropyle

14) Which of the following structures is a protective sheath surrounding the epicotyl?

A) coleoptile

B) coleorhiza

C) scutellum

D) testa

E) caryopsis

15) The first structure to emerge from a germinating seed is which of the following?

A) epicotyl

B) hypocotyl

C) radicle

D) cotyledon

E) coleoptile

16) In most dicots, the ________ emerges through the soil first while in most monocots, the ________ emerges through the soil first.

A) radicle; scutellum

B) epicotyl; radicle

C) hypocotyl; scutellum

D) hypocotyl; coleoptile

E) epicotyl; coleoptile

17) Which of the following is correct?

A) A testa is a thin, membranous seed coat that protects the embryo from adverse environmental conditions.

B) A hilum and micropyle are usually visible on the surface of the testa.

C) The hilum is a scar that results from the separation of the seed from the ovary wall.

D) The embryo consists of the epicotyl, hypocotyl, and radicle.

E) All of the above are correct.

18) According to a poorly informed decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1893, tomatoes are classified as which of the following?

A) berries

B) hesperidiums

C) poisonous

D) vegetables

E) None of the above are correct.

19) The "Apple of Peru" is called which of the following?

A) tomato

B) apple

C) chestnut

D) orange

E) grapefruit

20) Tomatoes belong to the mostly poisonous ________ (solanaceous) family.

A) lily

B) hemlock

C) nightshade

D) buttercup

E) bittersweet

21) Solanum lycopersicum is the scientific name of which of the following?

A) apple

B) chestnut

C) orange

D) tomato

E) grapefruit

22) Research by Charles Darwin and his son lead to the discovery of the plant hormone ________.

A) gibberellin

B) auxin

C) cytokinin

D) abscisic acid

E) ethylene

23) Parthenocarpy can be induced by the application of ________ to flowers before pollen is mature.

A) gibberellin

B) auxin

C) cytokinin

D) abscisic acid

E) ethylene

24) Auxins work by stimulating which of the following?

A) internode elongation

B) cell division

C) fruit softening

D) cell elongation

E) stomatal closure

25) Gibberellin works by stimulating which of the following?

A) internode elongation

B) cell division

C) fruit softening

D) cell elongation

E) stomatal closure

26) Abscisic acid works by stimulating which of the following?

A) internode elongation

B) cell division

C) fruit softening

D) cell elongation

E) stomatal closure

27) Cytokinins work by stimulating which of the following?

A) internode elongation

B) cell division

C) fruit softening

D) cell elongation

E) stomatal closure

28) Ethylene works by stimulating ________.

A) internode elongation

B) cell division.

C) fruit softening and ripening

D) cell elongation

E) stomatal closure

29) The red color of tomatoes is mainly the result of which of the following pigments?

A) beta-carotene

B) anthocyanin

C) chlorophyll

D) lycopene

E) xanthophyll

30) The Aft gene promotes which of the following?

A) larger apples.

B) sweeter oranges.

C) larger grapefruits.

D) purple tomatoes.

E) more than one of these.

31) Malus pumila is the scientific name of which of the following?

A) apple

B) chestnut

C) orange

D) tomato

E) grapefruit

32) To insure growing the same variety of apple, which of the following do large-scale apple growers do?

A) hand pollinate compatible varieties

B) only plant seeds from the tree with the desirable variety

C) graft stems from desirable varieties to hardy rootstock

D) spray crops heavily with auxin and ethylene

E) prevent bees from cross-pollinating the desirable trees with ones that are less desirable

33) Which of the following statements does not describe an apple fruit?

A) It is a pome

B) The ovary formed from the fusion of five ovaries

C) The endocarp is the papery-like material surrounding the seeds

D) Most of the fruit develops from the receptacle

E) All of these statements describe an apple fruit.

34) Which of the following was the first citrus fruit known to Western civilization?

A) sweet orange

B) grapefruit

C) lime

D) citron

E) lemon

35) Castanea dentata is the scientific name of which of the following?

A) sweet orange

B) apple

C) American chestnut

D) tomato

E) the fungus that causes Chestnut blight

36) What attracts animals and insect specialists to oranges?

A) the orange color

B) fragrant essential oils

C) nutritious seeds

D) brightly colored flowers

E) a bumpy epicarp

37) To grow bright orange oranges, ________ is essential.

A) a warm tropical climate

B) year-round rainfall

C) cool nighttime temperatures

D) snow at least once in the year

E) extreme variation in daytime and nighttime temperatures

38) The largest of the citrus fruits is the

A) grapefruit.

B) blood orange.

C) citron.

D) pummelo.

E) kumquat.

39) What caused the nearly total demise of the American chestnut tree?

A) overharvesting of the tree for wood

B) overharvesting the fruits

C) expanding human settlements

D) a fungal disease, Chestnut blight

E) None of the above are correct.

40) A winged dry fruit is classified as which of the following?

A) nut

B) achene

C) samara

D) schizocarp

E) pepo

41) If ________ is applied to a dwarf plant variety it will grow to a normal height for that variety.

A) auxin

B) cytokinin

C) gibberellin

D) abscisic acid

E) estrogen

42) Bananas when put in a paper bag with a ripe avocado will ripen faster than if they are in the bag without the avocado. This happens because avocado is a "super" producer of ________.

A) auxin

B) ethylene

C) gibberellin

D) cytokinin

E) glycogen

43) What scar is left when the seed separates from the ovary wall?

A) testa

B) micropyle

C) hilum

D) coleorhiza

E) abscission

44) Phototropism is a growth response to gravity.

45) Botanically, nuts are one-seeded fruits with hard, stony pericarps, such as acorns and hazelnuts.

46) According to Dan Jansen, plants that had coevolved with large herbivores in the Americas, lost the animal distributors of their massive fruits when these massive animals became extinct over 13,000 years ago.

47) Application of abscisic acid will cause leaves to drop from trees.

48) The SEEDS project demonstrated that conditions of weightlessness and exposure to cosmic radiation were inhibitory to the germination of tomato seeds.

49) Although widely cultivated in California and Florida today, oranges and other citrus fruits are native to Brazil.

50) Ethylene, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid are all "stress hormones" released in response to the presence of pathogens.

51) Abscisic acid is an inhibitor hormone that promotes dormancy in seeds and buds. It is also involved in regulating water balance in plants by causing stomata to close.

52) The navel in a navel orange is actually an aborted ________.

53) During seed germination the ________ of the embryo emerges first.

54) Achenes, nuts, and grains are all types of dry ________ fruits.

55) The ________ is a protective covering around the epicotyl of a monocot seedling.

56) The juice of the ________ may dangerously elevate blood levels of certain prescription drugs.

57) ________ are fruits from tropical Asia which are known as much for their heavenly taste as for their foul smell.